简介：Withcelluloseascarrier,immobilizedthermolysinHEIandHEⅡwerepreparedbydiazocouplingorglutaraldehydecrosslinkingreaction.Usingcaseinasasubstrate,theactivityrecoveryofimmobilizedthermolysinHEIandHEⅡreach34.5%and29%,respectively.Somefactorswhichaffecttheactivityoftheimmobilizedthermolysinsuchastemperature,mediumpH,EDTAandcalciumacetatewerestudied.Atthesametime,thethermalstabilityandstoragestabilityoftheimmobilizedthermolysinwerealsoinvestigated.

简介：译码性能的涡轮将在为剩余频率和阶段的原因的条件在搬运人抵消的低signal-to-noise比率(SNR)下面承受严肃的降级。在这份报纸，一个改进剩余搬运人频率偏移量评价算法基于upriori概率帮助了(APPA)阶段评价被建议。一起联合反复的涡轮解码器和阶段评估者的一个搬运人同步环被构造，在从涡轮解码器获得的外来的信息被用来帮助反复的阶段评价进程的地方。算法在很低的SNR下面成功地执行的模拟结果表演调节(例如，不到-7.4dB)与大频率偏移量和阶段错误和这的表演，算法离最佳地同步的系统很靠近。

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简介：Thetwo-dimensionalnumericalsimulationofenergytransportforMOSFETsispresented,inwhichtheeffectofgeneration,recombinationandtemperaturegradientofcarriersonthecharacteristicsofdevicesareconsidered.Animprovedmobilitymodelisalsoproposed.ThenumericalresultsofmicronandsubmicronMOSFETsshowthatthepresentmodelfitsexperimentverywell.

简介：Therelationshipbetweengainandcarrierdensityisanalysed.Inthequantumwell(QW)lasers,initially,thegainincreasesrapidlywiththecarrierdensityandthenstartstosaturate.ItcanbeseenthatQWlasershaveahigherdifferentialgainbecauseofthestep-likestatedensity,andthatthegainsaturatesathighercarrierdensitiesbecauseoftheconstantstatedensityofthelowestsubband.Itisshownthatsimpleogarithmicgain-carrierdensityismoreaccuratethanthetraditionallinearizedformforaQWlaser.

简介：Dopedmicro-crystallinesiliconfilmsaredepositedattemperaturesaslowas400℃bythecatalyticchemicalvapordepositionmethodusingasilaneandhydrogengasmixture.ElectricalpropertiessuchasthecarrierconcentrationandtheHallmobilityareinvestigatedforvariousmeasuringtemperatures.Itisfoundthatthegrainsofmicro-crystallinesiliconarepreferentiallyorientedalongthe(220)direction,andthattheHallmobilityislargerthan8cm^2·V^-1·s^-1,thecarrierconcentrationisabout1×10^17cm^-1-1×10^19cm^-3atroomtemperature.

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简介：为在期望的多搬运人信号隐藏的干扰，这份报纸建议新奇察觉和识别算法。算法不能仅仅由高顺序的cumulant检测单个搬运人的干扰(SCI)，而且基于光谱特性发现多搬运人信号。而且，算法能区分SCI的调整类型。算法不取决于任何优先的知识并且帮助数据，它对实际应用慈悲。分析和模拟结果证明建议算法是有效的。

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简介：Themechanismofcarriertransportinorganiclight-emittingdevicesisnumericallystudied,onthebasisoftrappedcharge-limitedconductionwithanexponentialtrapdistribution.Thespatialdistributionsoftheelectricalpotential,fieldandcarrierdensityintheorganiclayerarecalculatedandanalysed.Mostcarriersaredistributednearthetwoelectrodes,onlyafewofthemaredistributedovertheremainingpartoftheorgaiclayer,Thecarriersareaccumulatedneartheelectrodes,andtheremainingregionisalmostexhaustedofcarriers.Whenthecharacteristicenergyoftrapdistributionisgreaterthan0.3eV.itleadstoareductionofcurrentdensity.Inordertoimprovethedeviceefficiency,organicmaterialswithminortrapsandlowcharacteristicenergyshouldbechosen.Thediffusioncurrentisthedominantcomponentneartheinjectionelectrode.whereasthedriftcurrentdominatestheremainingregionoftheorganiclayer.

简介：推进的长期的进化(LTE进展)在比得上国际活动电信的要求或优异的高系统性能的标准目标进展了(IMT进展)。以便与LTE支持向后的相容性，大多数关键技术在LTE进展，其一是不连续的接收机制(DRX)被保留了。LTE进展采用搬运人聚集技术扩大系统带宽，它要求LTEDRX在与多重部件搬运人一起要使适应多收发器情形的单个收发器的情形适用。显然，搬运人聚集将严重地影响DRX的表演因此它值得学习LTEDRX和搬运人聚集的共存在系统表演上带的影响，例如，系统延期。在这份报纸，在搬运人聚集情形的DRX的第一一概述被给。然后，它基于排队理论作为一个Markov过程被建模。模拟结果证明有一个一致迟钝定时器的独立部件搬运人配置与另外的引用计划相比完成优异服务延期表演。

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简介：在这份报纸，我们集中于在推进的长期的进化的downlink安排的资源(LTE--一)在副载波之中假定相等的电源分配。就向后的相容性而言，LTE--一个系统服务LTE--A和长期的进化(LTE)和搬运人聚集(CA)的用户技术。当CA被使用时，安排计划的一个设计得好的资源对LTE必要--一个系统。安排的关节(JS)和安排的独立人士(INS)是安排计划的二个资源。JS在性能，但是与高复杂性是最佳的。而INS们被使用，因为他们不能支持CA技术，LTE用户将获得很少资源。并且系统公平是令人失望的。以便没有把高复杂性带到系统，改进系统公平，在INS上安排算法底的一个改进比例的交易会(PF)被建议。在这个算法，我们设计与搬运人和LTE用户的百分比的数字相关的一个weigh因素。模拟结果证明建议算法罐头有效地提高LTE用户的产量并且改进系统公平。

简介：Theinfluenceofthecarrierpseudo-boehmite(PB),whichwasimpregnatedwithaNi-Mo-Psolutionunderover-saturationconditionsandtreatedatdifferenttemperatures,onitspropertyforadsorptionofactivemetals(Ni,Mo)wasstudied.Theresultsshowedthattheamountforadsorptionofactivemetalwasdecreasedwithanincreasingtreatmenttemperatureofthecarrier.AfterphasetransitionofthecarrierPBtoγ-Al2O3,itscapacityforadsorptionofactivemetalswassignificantlyreduced.Thedifferenceinpropertiesforadsorptionofactivemetals(Ni,Mo)byPBdriedat120℃andγ-Al2O3calcinedat600℃wasstudiedindetail.TheresultssuggestedthattheabilityofthePBcarriertoadsorbmetalswashigherthanthatoftheγ-Al2O3carrier.Especially,theratioofchemicallyadsorbedmetalsonthePBsupportwasmuchhigherthanγ-alumina.ThechemicaladsorptionsitesonthePBcarrierwereprovedtobemuchmorethanthoseontheγ-Al2O3carrier.NiandMochemicaladsorptionsitesdifferedalotonthecarrierpossiblybecauseofthedifferenceinchemicaladsorptionsites.

简介：Globalpositioningsystem(GPS)forvehicleapplicationsintheurbanareaischallengedbylowsignalintensity.ThecarrierloopbasedonfastFouriertransform(FFT)canobtainahighsignaltonoiseratio(SNR)gainbyincreasingtheobservationtime.However,thisleadstoamajorproblemthattheaccelerationcannotbeignored.TheperformanceoftheFFT-basedloopwilldeclinewiththeaccelerationincreasing.ThispaperdiscussestheeffectofthedynamiconFFTfirst.ThenahighperformancecarriertrackingloopforweakGPSL5signalsisproposed.Itcombinesdiscretechirp-Fouriertransform(DCFT)andthephasefittingmethodtoestimateDopplerfrequencyandDopplerratesimultaneously.First,asequenceofintegrationresultsisusedtoperformDCFTtoestimatecoarseDopplerfrequencyandDopplerrate.Second,thephaseofthesequenceiscalculatedandusedtoperformlinearfitting.Bythephasefittingmethod,thefineDopplerfrequencyandDopplerratecanbeestimated.ThecomputationcostissmallbecausetheintegrationresultsareusedandthephasefittingmethodneedsonlycoarseestimatesofDopplerfrequencyandDopplerrate.ComparedwithFFTandDCFT,theprecisionofthephasefittingmethodisnotlimitedbytheresolution.Thustheproposedloopcangethighprecisionandlowcarriertonoiseratio(C/N0)trackingthreshold.Simulationresultsshowthisloophasagreatimprovementthanconventionalloopsforurbanweak-signalapplications.

简介：ThispaperproposestouseFastFourierTransform(FFT)/InverseFastFourierTransform(IFFT),insteadofvector-matrixmultiplication,toimplementthespreading/despreadinginCarrier-InterferometryOrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing(CI/OFDM)andPseudo-OrthogonalCarrier-InterferometryOFDM(PO-CI/OFDM).ThatcanimprovethesignalprocessingefficiencyofCI/OFDMandPO-CI/OFDMsystemsbyabout2N/log2Nand2N/(1+log2N)timesrespectivelyanddosenotmakeanydifferencetothesystemfunctionandperformance.Moreover,theefficiencybenefitswillincreasewiththeincreaseofthenumberofsub-carriers.Inadditiontothat,wepointoutthatthetransmitterofCI/OFDMisactuallytechnicallyequivalenttothatofasingle-carriersystemwithcyclic-prefixandthereceiverofCI/OFDMisatypicalOFDMreceiverwithCIdespreading.HencethelowPeak-to-AveragePowerRatio(PAPR)propertyandhighanti-fadingperformanceofCI/OFDMsystemcanbewellexplained.

简介：ThispaperdealswiththetransportpropertiesofoligomerofpolythioetherPSAusedasmoblecarrierinbulkliquidmembraneforgold(Ⅲ).ItwasfoundthatAu(Ⅲ)canbetransportedbyPSAfromsourcephasetoreceivingphasecompletelyunderappropriateconditionsandonlyAu(Ⅲ)canbetransferredthroughtheliquidmembranetoreceivingphasefromamixtureofNa(I)-Cu(Ⅱ）-Au(Ⅲ）-Fe(Ⅲ）-Pt(Ⅳ）inthefollowingsystem:HAuCl4-HCl(aq.)/PSA-ClCH2-CH2Cl/(NH2)2CS-HCl(aq.).ThetransportrateofAu(Ⅲ）dependedontheconcentrationofcarrier,thethicknessofliquidmembrane,theconcentrationofAu(Ⅲ）insourcephaseandtheacidityofthemedia.

简介：放精确的GPS被GPS搬运人阶段观察的各种各样的错误来源，和传统的联合影响有他们的自己的限制例如宽小巷，狭窄小巷并且ionospheric免费的联合。获得最佳的放精确，一个新线性组合方法通过放的精确的GPS多频率搬运人阶段联合方程，和影响的变化协变性(VCV)被探讨与变化误差传播定律推出的观察错误被分析。为与一仅仅搬运人阶段联合放的高精确，最佳的联合方法被基线分辨率的一个例子与60km长度推出并且进一步验证了。结果显示这个方法最简单，并且放的精确是最好。因此，在各种各样的远处为不同精确要求放，快为长基线是有用的。

简介：DuetothedifferentsignalfrequenciesfortheGLONASSsatellites,thecommonly-useddouble-differencingprocedureforcarrierphasedataprocessingcannotbeimplementedinitsstraightforwardform,asinthecaseofGPS.Inthispaperanoveldataprocessingstrategy,involvingathree-stepprocedure,forintegratedGPS/GLONASSpositioningisproposed.Thefirstispseudo-range-basedpositioning,thatusesdouble-differenced(DD)GPSpseudo-rangeandsingle-differenced(SD)GLONASSpseudo-rangemeasurementstoderivetheinitialpositionandreceiverclockbias.ThesecondisformingDDmeasurements(expressedincycles)inordertoestimatetheambiguities,byusingthereceiverclockbiasestimatedintheabovestep.ThethirdistoformDDmeasurements(expressedinmetricunits)withtheunknownSDintegerambiguityfortheGLONASSreferencesatelliteastheonlyparameter(whichisconstantbeforeacycleslipoccursforthissatellite).Areal-timestochasticmodelestimatedbyresidualseriesoverpreviousepochsisproposedforintegratedGPS/GLONASScarrierphaseandpseudo-rangedataprocessing.Otherassociatedissues,suchascycleslipdetection,validationcriteriaandadaptiveprocedure(s)forambiguityresolution,isalsodiscussed.Theperformanceofthisdataprocessingstrategywillbedemonstratedthroughcasestudyexamplesofrapidstaticpositioningandkinematicpositioning.Fromfourexperimentscarriedouttodate,theresultsindicatethatrapidstaticpositioningrequires1minuteofsinglefrequencyGPS/GLONASSdatafor100%positioningsuccessrate.Thesingleepochpositioningsolutionforkinematicpositioningcanachieve94.6%successrateovershortbaselines(＜6km).