简介：AbstractBackground:The fetal growth charts in widest use in China were published by Hadlock >35 years ago and were established on data from several hundred of American pregnant women. After that, >100 fetal growth charts were published around the world. We attempted to assess the impact of applying the long-standing Hadlock charts and other charts in a Chinese population and to compare their ability to predict newborn small for gestational age (SGA).Methods:For this retrospective observational study, we reviewed all pregnant women (n = 106,455) who booked prenatal care with ultrasound measurements for fetal biometry at the Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between 2012 and 2019. A fractional polynomial regression model was applied to generate Shenzhen fetal growth chart ranges for head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL). The differences between Shenzhen charts and published charts were quantified by calculating the Z-score. The impact of applying these published charts was quantified by calculating the proportions of fetuses with biometric measurements below the 3rd centile of these charts. The sensitivity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of published charts to predict neonatal SGA (birthweight <10th centile) were assessed.Results:Following selection, 169,980 scans of fetal biometry contributed by 41,032 pregnancies with reliable gestational age were analyzed. When using Hadlock references (<3rd centile), the proportions of small heads and short femurs were as high as 8.9% and 6.6% in late gestation, respectively. The INTERGROWTH-21st standards matched those of our observed curves better than other charts, in particular for fat-free biometry (HC and FL). When using AC<10th centile, all of these references were poor at predicting neonatal SGA.Conclusions:Applying long-standing Hadlock references could misclassify a large proportion of fetuses as SGA. INTERGROWTH-21st standard appears to be a safe option in China. For fat-based biometry, AC, a reference based on the Chinese population is needed. In addition, when applying published charts, particular care should be taken due to the discrepancy of measurement methods.

简介：AbstractBackground:Twin pregnancies continue to increase worldwide; however, the current clinical prenatal evaluation for the intrauterine growth of twins still relies on the growth standards of singletons. We attempted to establish a set of fetal biometric references for Chinese twin pregnancies, stratified by chorionicity and conception mode as spontaneously conceived monochorionic diamniotic (SC-MCDA), spontaneously conceived dichorionic diamniotic (SC-DCDA), and assisted reproductive technology dichorionic diamniotic (ART-DCDA) twins.Methods:From 2016 to 2019, the ultrasonographic fetal biometric measurements were longitudinally collected in pregnant women, including fetal weight, biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and humerus length. The linear mixed models were used to test the difference of growth patterns between groups, and the growth curve of each biometric parameter was modeled by a generalized additive model for location scale and shape.Results:A total of 929 twin pregnant women and 2019 singleton pregnant women, met the inclusion criteria. Among twin pregnancies, 148 were SC-MCDA, 215 were SC-DCDA, and 566 were ART-DCDA twins. Overall, SC-DCDA twins grew faster than SC-MCDA twins, while slower than ART-DCDA twins (all P < 0.05), and all of the three groups showed significant differences comparing with singletons, especially during the third trimester. Hence, the customized fetal growth charts of each fetal biometric parameter were, respectively, constructed for SC-MCDA, SC-DCDA, and ART-DCDA twins.Conclusions:The fetal biometric trajectories demonstrated characteristic patterns according to chorionicity and conception mode. To fill the gap, we modeled fetal biometric parameters for Chinese SC-MCDA, SC-DCDA, and ART-DCDA twin pregnancies, hoping to provide a reference for the further establishment of fetal growth reference values for Chinese twin fetuses.

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简介：AIMTo为Snellen和早治疗糖尿病的Retinopathy学习(ETDRS)图表比较精确性，重制度和测试持续时间，二个主要工具过去常测量视觉尖酸(VA).METHODSA计算机模拟被规划运用多重虚拟病人，有分配参数的一个唯一的集合的各个，包括VA，假积极、假否定的错误珍视。为各个，虚拟耐心的、分配VA随机沿着跨越在1.0～0.0个logMAR单位(到到20/20的20/200的等价物)之间的范围的连续规模被选择。每30000个虚拟病人在每二VAcharts.RESULTSAverage测试持续时间上被运用十次(表示了为在测试±期间介绍的人物的全部的数字；SD)是12.6±；11.1和31.2±；14.7个人物为Snellen和ETDRS，分别地。精确性，定义为绝对差别(±；SD)在分配VA和测量VA之间，在logMAR表示了单位，在ETDRS图表是优异的：0.12±；0.14和0.08±；0.08为Snellen和ETDRS图表，分别地。重制度，表示了可变性为测试网，在ETDRS图表是优异的：0.23±；0.17和0.11±；0.09个logMAR单位为Snellen和ETDRS图表，respectively.CONCLUSIONA比较真(分配)VA到测量VA，平均，更好证明ETDRS的精确性和重制度制图，但是在显著地更长的测试持续时间的惩罚。这些差别最在低VA范围被读。用一条模拟途径的重制度与在几临床的研究发现的重制度价值一致。

简介：轮船的Ince-Strutt稳定性图表在不规则的波浪的参量的转动回声在不规则的波浪为参量的转动回声的探索被进行并且利用。参量的转动回声将导致的轮船大振幅转动运动甚至失事。第一，在不规则的波浪描述参量的转动回声的方程根据Grims有效理论被导出，相应Ince-Strutt稳定性图表被获得。第二，为在不规则、常规的波浪的参量的转动回声的稳定性图表的差别被比较。第三，波浪阶段和高峰时期被考虑获得一个更现实主义的海条件。当分析的点在不稳定性边界附近被定位时，随机的波浪阶段的影响应该被考虑。为不同波浪高峰时期的稳定性图表是各种各样的。稳定性图表对在设计舞台的参数决心有用更好适应驾驶状况。最后，轮船变量被一条统计途径根据稳定性图表分析。metacentric高度的增加将帮助改进轮船稳定性。

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简介：ToinvestigatedifferencesinphysiologicalcharacteristicsofgrowthandphysiologicalbasisofhighgrowthvigorinthefirstgenerationofPopulusdeltoideswhicharefromdifferentgrowthvigorclones,herewechosetwogroupsofseedlingswithdifferentgrowthvigor:high（A）andlow（B）.Indexesofphenotypeandphysiologyweresuccessivelymeasuredtostudythegrowth,photosynthesisandnutrientabsorption.Thereweresignificantorverysignificantdifferencesindrymassofroot,stem,leafandthetotalbiomassbetweenAandB.Drymatterofrootshadthesmallestproportionindifferentcomponents,andthelargestproportionwassteminA,whiletheleafhadthelargestproportioninB.ChangesingrowthandphysiologicalcharacteristicsshowedacertainregularityduringJunetoSeptember.AllclonesgrewthemostrapidlyandphysiologicalcharacteristicsvariedthemostsignificantlyinJuly.Correlationanalysisshowedthatseedlingheightandgrounddiameterwerebothsignificantlycorrelatedtoleafarea,nightrespirationrate,NH4-uptakerateandthetotalphotosyntheticrate（R>0.826,P<0.05）,suggestingthattheseedlinggrowthwasmainlyaffectedbytheirowntotalphotosyntheticcapacity,nutrientabsorptionandnightrespirationconsumption.Ingeneral,AwassuperiortoBinallthesefactors,whichconstructphysiologicalbasisofthehighgrowthvigor.

简介：Theeffectofnitrate(NO3-)onrice(OryzasativaL.)growthaswellasNabsorptionandassimilationduringdifferentgrowthstageswasexaminedusingthreetypicalricecultivars.Dryweight,yield,Nuptake,nitratereductaseactivity(NRA)inleaves,andglutaminesynthetaseactivity(GSA)inrootsandleavesduringtheirentiregrowthperiods,aswellasthekineticparametersofammonium(NH4+)uptakeattheseedlingstage,weremeasuredwithsolutioncultureexperiments.ResultsindicatedthatadditionofNH4+-NandNO3--Nataratioof75:25(NH4++NO3-treatment)whencomparedwiththatofNH4+-Nalone(NH4+treatment)increasedthedryweightof'Nanguang'cultivarby30%and'Yunjing38'cultivarby31%,andalsoincreasedtheirgrainyieldby21%and17%,respectively.Forthefourgrowthstages,thetotalNaccumulationinplantsincreasedbyanaverageof36%for'Nanguang'and31%for'Yunjing38',whereastheincreasingeffectofNO3-inthe'4007'cultivarwasonlyfoundattheseedlingstage.IntheNH4++NO3-treatmentcomparedtotheNH4+treatment,NRAintheleavesincreasedby2.09folds,andGSAincreasedby92%intherootsand52%intheleavesofthethreecultivars.NO3-supplyincreasedthemaximumuptakerate(Vmax)inthe'Nanguang'and'Yunjing38'cultivars,reflectingthattheNO3-itself,nottheincreasingNconcentration,increasedtheuptakerateofNH4+byrice.TherewasnoeffectontheapparentMichaelis-Mentenconstant(Km)ofthethreecultivars.Thus,somereplacementofNH4+withNO3-couldgreatlyimprovethegrowthofriceplants,mainlyonaccountoftheincreaseduptakeofNH4+promotedbyNO3-,andfuturestudiesshouldfocusonthemolecularmechanismoftheincreaseduptakeofNH4+byNO3-.

简介：Osteoblastsofratculturedinvitrowerestimulatedwithpulsed50Hzelectromagneticfieldandbasicfibroblastgrowthfactor(bFGF).TheMTTmethod,flowcytometryandhistochemistrystainingwereusedtodetectcellproliferation,cellcycleandalkalinephosphatase.Theresultsindicated:afterstimulatedby1mTelectromagneticfield,thecellsaremoreabundant,havemoreSphasepercentages,2mTelectromagneticfieldhavenoevidenteffectoncells'growth;comparedwithelectromagneticfield,thecellsstimulatedbybFGFaremoreabundantandhavelargerSphaseratios.ElectromagneticfieldandbFGFhavenoeffectoncells,alkalinephosphatase.Therefore,weconcludedthatelectromagneticfieldcanenhanceosteoblastsgrowthlikesomegrowthfactorsuchasbasicfibroblastgrowthfactor,andtheosteoblasts',characteristicswasnotchanged.

简介：Theyear2003isthefirstyearofimplementingthespiritof16thPartyCongressofCPCinanall—roundway.OntheReportoftheEconomicForecastDepartmentofStateInformationCenter,acceleratingthegrowthofconsumptionisofvitalimportancetostimulatingthedomesticdemand,soastoattaintheobjectiveofbuildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Therapid

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简介：RE-containingfertilizer,developedbytheStateAgriculturalAssociationincollaborationwitharesearchgroupofBeijingNon-FerrousMetalResearchIns-titute,hasbornefruitsinChina’sagri-culture.Theeffectivenessofthisfer-tilizer,calledNongle,isstriking.In1986,farmersinSouthChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegionused

简介：Thepurposeofthispaperistostudythedynamicalmechanismoferrorgrowthinthenumericalweatherprediction.Theerrorisdefinedinthesenseofgeneralizedenergy,simplycalledenergyerror.Fromthespectralformoftheprimi-tiveequations,wehavederivedtheevolutionequationsoferrorindetail.Theanalysesoftheseequationshaveshownthattheerrorgrowthrateisdeterminedbythetangentlinearequations.Thenonlinearadvectioncausedbytheerrorperturbationitselfcontributesnothingtotheerrorgrowthrate,andonlyredistributestheerror.Furthermore,anap-proachtocalculationoftheerrorgrowthratehasbeendeveloped,whichcanalsobeusedtostudythelocalinstabilityoftime-independentbasicstateaswellastime-dependencebasicstate.Thisapproachisappliedtowell-knownLorenz’ssystem,andtheresultsareindicativeofthecorrectnessandsignificanceofthetheoreticalanalyses.

简介：Firegrowthmodelcanpredictfirebehavior,whichcanguidefirefightingactivitiesandassessesfiremanagementpolicies.Thispaperanalyzedthemainfactorsaffectingfiresimulation,andsummariedthecurrentgrowthmodelsincludingempirical,semi-empiricalandphysicalmodels.Thewidelyusedfiregrowthsimulationsoftwareswereoutlinedinthepaper,whichincludePrometheus,BehavePlus,Farsite,etc.Finally,thepaperdiscussedthelimitationsoffiregrowthmodelsandtheirfuturedevelopment.

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简介：Byusingnutritionaldiagnosisofcitrusleavesanddeterminingsoilmicronutrients,therelationshipbetweensoilmicronutrientsandcitrusgrowthinsouthernChinahasbeenstudied.Studiesshowedthattherewasasignificantpositivecorrelationbetweenavailablemicronutrients(suchasZn,Mo,Cu)inthesoilandthecorrespondingnutrientsincitrusleaves.Thus,onecanroughlylearnofthesufficiencyordeficiencyofcertainnutrientsinsoilsbyanalyzingcitrusleaves.RationalsprayofZnBorMofertilizernotonlyimprovedcitrusyieldsbutalsoincreasedthetotalsugarofSatsumamandarinandofXinhuiorangeby2.9and17.2%respectivelycomparedwiththecontrol.SprayingMofertilizerincreasedthevitaminCcontentofSatsumamandarinjuiceby4.7%-8.4%,maturatedfruits7-10daysearlierandgavethepeelabrightercolor.TheultramicroscopiccharacteristicsofZn-deficientcitrusleaveswereinvestigatedunderanelectronmicroscope.ResultsshowedthattheZn-deficientleafcellwascharacterizedmainlybypoorcytoplasm,endoplasmicreticulaandribosomesandbybigstarchgrainsinthechloroplast.AsaresultofsprayingZnfertilizerthestructureofthecellreturnedtonormal,thecytoplasmbecamerichandtheamountofchloroplastincreased.Therealsoappearedagreatdealofmultiformendoplasmicreticula,thuspromotingthephotosynthesisofZn-deficientplants.Thisprovidesacytologico-theoreticalbasisforfertilizationofhigh-yieldingcitrustrees.

简介：Basedonthegivenreactionconditionandmedium,thegrowthofmicro-andnanocrystalscanbedividedintofourtypes,growthinsolutionatnormalpressure,hydrothermalgrowth,solvothermalgrowth,andmolten-saltgrowth.Whenthewaterororganicsolventasthereactionmedium,surfactant,suchassodiumdodecylbenzenesulfonate,canbeaddedtoregulatethe

简介：LetP(z)beapolynomialofdegreenwhichdoesnotvanishin|z|

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简介：AerobicricetechnologyisstillnewinMalaysia,andinformationregardingMARDIAerob1(MA1),thefirstlocalaerobicricevariety,isstilllacking.Therefore,comparativestudieswerecarriedouttodeterminethephysiologicalperformanceofaerobicricevarietyMA1andlowlandricevarietyMR253underwaterstressgivenatthepanicleinitiation,floweringandripeningstages.Thisexperimentwasarrangedinarandomizedcompleteblockdesign.Stomatalconductance(gs),chlorophyllafluorescence(Fv/Fm),leafrelativewatercontent(leafRWC),andsoilmoisturecontent(SMC)aswellasyieldcomponentparameterssuchaspaniclenumber,grainyieldand100-grainweightweremeasured.ResultsrevealedthatgsandleafRWCforbothvarietiesdecreasedwithdepletionofSMC.ThecorrelationstudybetweenthephysiologicalparametersandSMCindicatedthatFv/Fmwasnotaffectedbywaterstress,regardlessofvarieties.Theyieldcomponents(paniclenumber,grainyieldand100-grainweight)forbothvarietiesgreatlydecreasedwhenwaterstresswasimposedatthepanicleinitiationstage.Thisstudyshowedthatthepanicleinitiationperiodwasthemostsensitivestagetowaterstressthatcontributedtoasubstantialreductioninyieldforbothvarieties.Undertheaerobiccondition(control),MR253producedhigherpaniclenumber,100-grainweightandyieldthanMA1.AlthoughMR253isbredforlowland,itiswelladaptedtoaerobiccondition.