简介：ＳｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇＴｅｓｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅＨｅａｔ－ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｎｃｉｅｎｔＢｒｏｎｚｅＭｉｒｒｏｒｓＨｅＴａｎｇｋｕｎ何堂坤（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｉｅｏｌＨｉｓｌｏｒｉ．ｏｆＮａｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ．ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａＢｅｉｊｉ...

简介：热处理完成，包括答案处理(圣)和老化处理(在)，在优先的奥氏体谷物(PAG)上尺寸，微观结构和变硬的猛冲的机械性质妈发怒不锈钢被调查。结果显示在PAG之间的关系在圣下面并且以条件缩放并且让步力量(sigma_y)服从theHall-Petch关系。而且，在在为1的1050degC的圣以后，h+cryogenic对待(CT)在为在为4h的535degC的8h+AT的-70degC，测试的钢分别地在1900MPa和1750MPa上显示出它的最终的张力的力量(sigma_b)和sigma_y。

简介：ThecorrosionbehaviorofZL104alloyatdifferentstates(as-castandheattreatment)insaltspraycorrosion(SSC)wasstudied.Theresultsshowthatthesampletreatedafterrefinementandmodifciationhastheleastcorrosiveresistancecomparedwiththesamplebearingas-caststucureatthebeginningofthecorrosion.Asthecorrosionprocesscontinued.however,thetrendreverseditself.After44hcontinuouscorrosion,thecorrosiveratesofallsamplestendtobestable.Afterexperiments,thesamplebearingas-caststructurehadthemostcorrosiveproductsonthesurfacewhereasthesamplebeingrefinedandmodifiedhadtheleastproducts.TheFouriertransformationinfraredspectroscopy(FTIR)analysesofthecorrosionproductsshowthattheseproductsarecomposedofhydroxyl-containingsubstances.

简介：Theeffectsoflow-CoAB5typehydrogenstoragealloyspreparedbyquenchingandannealingontheperformancesofMH-Nibatterieswereinvestigated,andthecharacteristicsofthelow-CoAB5typehydrogenstoragealloyswerecomparedwiththoseofthehigh-CoAB5typehydrogenstoragealloyaswell.Theresultsshowedthatthefasterthecoolingofthelow-Cohydrogenstoragealloyis,thebetterhomogeneityofthechemicalcompositionforthealloyandthelongercyclelifeofthebatteryare,buttheelectrochemicaldischargecapacityandhigh-ratedischargeabilityarereduced.Thehigh-ratedischargeabilityandchargeretentionofMH-Nibatteriesfortheconventionalas-castannealedlow-Cohydrogenstoragealloyweresuperiortothosefortherapidlyquenchedlow-Cohydrogenstoragealloyandthehigh-Cohydrogenstoragealloy,butalittleinferiorinthecyclelife.

简介：Whatisheat?Inthepastsomepeoplethoughtthatheatwasafluid,becauseitcanflowfromahotbodytoacooloneuntilbothareatthesametemperature.

简介：在这份报纸，陶器的蜂房改革者的热转移数字地基于计算液体动力学被模仿数字分析软件CFX5。改革者和气体的纵的温度分发被获得。有时间的温度的变化被讨论。另外，象打开时间，在改革者的入口的煤气的温度，改革者的高度和再生材料的特定的热那样的一些参数的效果加热浸透时间被讨论。它为再生热转移机制的进一步的学习提供了首先理论上的基础。关键词改革者-数字模拟-热浸透时间-高温度空气燃烧CLC数字TK124

简介：Boilingheattransferprocessisanalyzedinamoderatenarrowspaceconsistedoftwohorizontalplates,Themaindifferencebetweenthisprocessandtheconventionalunconfinedpoolboilingistheliquidsupplymechanismwhichisabsolutelypreventedbythegrowthofcoalescencebubblealongwiththeheatedsurfaceinthenarrowspace.Asaresult,themacrolayerbecomesthinnerduetotheevaporationoftheindividualbubbleswithinthemacrolayerduringtheperiodofbubblecoalescence,withorwithoutdryoutthatdependsonboththegapsizeofnarrowspaceandthesizeofheatedsurface.Foraspecifiedsizeoftheheatedsurface,theinitialthicknessoftheliquidlayerhasacriticalvaluewhichapproachesaconstantwhilethespaceheightislargerthanacriticalvalue.Theindividualbubblebehaviorsandtheheattransfercanbeconsideredasthesameasthatintheunconfinedpoolboiling,ifthespacegapislarge,However,theindividualbubblesdonotgenerateinthelastperiodofthebubblecoalescenceandalowermaximumheatfluxwillberesultedifthespacegapisreduced.Insuchacase,themacrolayerisdryout.

简介：AbusinessmanfromWisconsinwentonabusinesstriptoLouisiana.Uponarrival,heimmediatelypluggedhislaptopintothehotelroomportandsentashortE-mailbackhometohiswife,JenniferJohnson.

简介：AsimilarityequationforheattransferonheatsourceelementssituatedintheentranceregioninelectronicequipmentisdevelopedbasedontheexperimentaldataobtainedbySparrowetal.^[4].ThecharacteristicofthesimilarityequationisthattheratiooftheheattransfercoefficientattheentranceregiontothatatthefullydevelopedregionisindependentoftheReynoldsnumber.Itdependsonlyontherownumberoftheelementssituatedintheentranceregion.Anexampleoftheusefulnessofthesimilarityequationispresentedthatdeterminestheheattransferonheatsourceelementsinapowerunitthatcontainsonlyasmallnumberoftheheatsourceelements.

简介：Toexplorethepossibilityofusingsolid-liquidphasechangecoolingtothoseperiodicallyorintermittentlyoperatedelectronicequipment,adetailofexperimentalstudyoftime-dependentmeltingheattransferinarectangularenclosurewiththreediscreteproturdingheatsourcesispresented.Aseriesofexperimentalmeasurementinanenclosurewithphasechangematerials(PCM)ofn-octadecaneofexperimentalmeasurementinanenclosurewithphasechangematerials(PCM)of-octadecaneheatedbythreediscreteprotrudingheatsourcesataconstantrateononeofitsverticalwallhasbeendescribed.Theoppositewalloftheenclosureiscooledataconstanttemperatureandallotherwallsoftheenclosureareinsulated.Thetime-dependentsolid-liquidshapesoftheinterfaceduringmeltingprocess,thevariationofsurfacetemperatureandtheeffectsofsulbcoolingareinvestigated.Anempiricalcorrelationpredictingtherelationshipbetweentheliquidphasefractionandsubcoolingisgiven.

简介：Beingoneofthemostabundantintracellularproteins，heatshockproteins(HSPs)havemanyhousekeepingfunctionswhicharecrucialforthesurvivaloforganisms．Inaddition,someHSPsarenewimmunoactivemoleculeswhichplayimportantrolesinbothadaptiveandinnateimmunity．TheycouldactivateCD8^+andCD4^+lymphocytes，induceinnateimmuneresponseincludingnaturalkiller(NK)cellactivationandcytokinesecretion，andinducematurationofdendriticcells(DCs)．Thesecharacteristicshavebeenusedforimmunotherapyofvarioustypesofcancersandinfectiousdisenses．ThisreviewfocusesonthemainHSPfamilies——HSP70and90families．ThemechanismofHSPs’functioninelicitingimmuneresponseareelucidatedandvariousformsofHSPsusedinimmunotherapyarediscussedindetails．Attheendofthisreview,authorssummarizeclinicaltrialsrelatedtoHSPsandevaluatetheirclinicalefficacy．

简介：Analyticalsolutionisobtainedofcoupledlaminarheat-masstransferinatubewithuniformheatflux.Thiscorrespondstothecasewhenalayerofsublimablematerialiscoatedontheinnersurfaceofatubewithitsoutersurfaceheatedbyuniformheatfluxandthiscoatedmaterialwillsublimeasgasflowsthroughtthetube.

简介：我们报导新二化性蚕，Bombyx粗腐殖质istrainsNB_4D_2，KSO_1，NP_2，CSR_2和CSR_4和热的微分表示的thermotolerance在不同中间形态震惊蛋白质。蚕larva的不同中间形态被使遭到在35°C，40°C和45°C加热吃惊2小时恢复跟随的2个小时。热吃惊蛋白质被热吃惊的SDS-PAGE.The影响在茧的商业特点上分析被后面的不同策略在控制上以获得的thermotolerance分析。比较地，NP_2比另外的种类展出了bettersurvivability。当幼虫的开发在第一中间形态>秒中间形态>的顺序继续，加热吃惊的抵抗被增加第三中间形态>第四中间形态>在所有蚕种类的第五中间形态。热吃惊蛋白质的表示在不同中间形态变化。在第一，第二和第三中间形态，在第四中间形态的84kDa和84，62，60，47和33kDa的90kDa在第五中间形态加热吃惊蛋白质响应热吃惊被观察。对应于不同阶段的商业特点上的热吃惊的相对影响在所有紧张是重要的。InNB_4D_2，茧和壳重量显著地分别地在控制上增加了到17.52%和19.44%。热为评估和进化ofthermotolerant蚕紧张作为分子的标记震惊蛋白质因为热带被讨论。

简介：Experimentalandnumericalinvestigationofheattransferandfluidflowwereconductedforclassicheatexchangerelements(flatplatewithfin-tubesin-line,staggeredandwithvortexgenerators)andcorrugated-undulatedductsundertransitionalandweaklyturbulentconditions.ThedependenceofaverageheattransferandpressuredroponReynoldsnumberandgeometricalparameterswasinvestigated.Distributionsoflocalheattransfercoefficientwereobtainedbyusingliquidcrystalthermographyandsurface-averagedvalueswerecomputed.Three-dimensionalnumericalsimulationswereconductedbyafinite-volumemethodusingalow-Reynoldsnumberk-emodelundertheassumptionoffullydevelopedflow.Computedflowfieldsprovidedotherwiseinaccessibleinformationontheflowpatternsandthemechanismsofheattransferenhancement.

简介：Thefoodindustryusesawidevarietyofprocesseswhicharenotwellunderstood.Currentmodellingandmeasurementapproachesarereviewed,withspecificreferencetoworkatBirminghamonParticletracking(PEPT)andthepotentialoftemperaturetimeindicatorsinprocessvalidation.

简介：Someconceptualproblemswerediscussedinthepresentpaper,Firstly,accordingtothephysicalmeaningofeffectiveness,anewexpressionofeffectivenesswasdevelopedbyusinganidealheatexchnagermodelandtemperaturehistogrammethod,inwhichthenon-uniforminlettemperatureprofilewasconsidered.Secondly,therelationofentropygenerationnumbertoeffectivenesswasstudied,itwaspointedoutthatbothofthemcouldexpresstheperfectdegreeofaheatexchangertothesecondthermodynamiclaw.Finally,todescribebothquantityandqualityofheattransferredinaheatexchangeracriterionnamedascomperhensivethermalperformancecoefficient(CTPE)waspresented.

简介：Effectofvelocityjumpandtemperaturejumpontheheatandmomentumtransferinmicro-domainsisdiscussedindetail.Asimulationaidedbylocallyfullydevelopedassumptionisdevelopedtoexplaintheexperimentalresultsdifferentfromthosepredictedbyconventionaltheory.Heattransferinmicro-channelsundertheuniformheatfluxisalsoanalyzed.Itisfoundthatvelocity-jumpandtemperature-jumphaveanoppositeinfluenceandNusseltnumberhasagreatervaluewhentheKnudsennumberisverysmall,WiththeincreasingofKnudsenNumber,Nussqltnumberbecamesmallerthan8.24.

简介：ConsiderabackwardheatequationinaboundeddomainΩR2withthenoisydataintheinitialtimegeometry.Theaimistofindthetemperaturefor0＜ε＜t＜T.Forthisill-posedproblem,theauthorsgiveacontinuousdependenceestimateofthesolution.Moreover,theconvergencerateoftheapproximatesolutionisalsogiven.

简介：Heattransferintheevacuatedcollectortubeisathree-dimensionallaminarnaturalconvectionproblemdrivenbybuoyancy.Becauseofitscomplexity,noeffectivetheoreticalmodelisavailabledespiteoflimitedexperimentalworkwhichisconfinedtooneaspect.Thepresentworkaimstodepicttheconvectiveheattransferinsideatwo-endedinclinedtubewithEast-Westsymmetricheatinputusingnumericalmethods,Basedonreasonableassumptions,governingequationsoftheinsidefluidareestablished.Thecorrespondingdiscretizatedequationsaresolvedbyemplogyingnumericalmetholds.Thecalculatedresultsaredisplayedforvelocityandtemperatureprofilesondifferentcross-sectionalplasnes.whichpresenttheflowpatterncharacterizedbyupflowanddownflowalongtheaxialdirectionandadherentflowalongtheperipheraldirection,andtheheattransferrpocessfromthewalltothecenter,Furthermore,thetransientNusseltnumberandaveragetemperaturelevelareshownanddiscussed.Finally,theparametriceffectsofthetuberadiusandtheheatinputontheflowandheattransferarealsogiven.

简介：Modelingofheattransferandsolidificationofcompositerollwasestablishedandusedtopredictthethermalhistoryandsolidificationprocessofrollduringsprayforming.Evolutionoftemperaturefieldofthepreformandcoolingrateinthegrowingdepositduringspraydepositionandpost-depositionwerenumericallysimulated.