简介：AbstractIn malaria-endemic regions, people often get exposed to various pathogens simultaneously, generating co-infection scenarios. In such scenarios, overlapping symptoms pose serious diagnostic challenges. The delayed diagnosis may lead to an increase in disease severity and catastrophic events. Recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected various areas globally, including malaria-endemic regions. The Plasmodium and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection and its effect on health are yet unexplored. We present a case report of a previously healthy, middle-aged individual from the malaria-endemic area who suffered SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum co-infection. The patient developed severe disease indications in a short time period. The patient showed neurological symptoms, altered hematological as well as liver-test parameters, and subsequent death in a narrow time span. We hereby discuss the various aspects of this case regarding treatment and hematological parameters. Further, we have put forward perspectives related to the mechanism behind severity and neurological symptoms in this fatal parasite-virus co-infection case. In malaria-endemic regions, due to overlapping symptoms, suspected COVID-19 patients should also be monitored for diagnosis of malaria without any delay. The SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium co-infection could increase the disease severity in a short time span. In treatment, dexamethasone may not help in severe cases having malaria as well as COVID-19 positive status and needs further exploration.

简介：Wehavepreviouslydemonstratedtheabilityofmalariaparasitestointerferewithspecificimmuneresponses.CD4Tcellsspecifictoparasiteantigens,butnotCD4Tcellsspecifictoanirrelevantantigen,ovalbumin(OVA),aredeletedviaapoptosisduringmalariainfection.Itisofinterest,therefore,toinvestigatetheimmuneresponsesthatdevelopedfollowingvaccinationwiththe19kDacarboxylterminusofthemerozoitesurfaceprotein1(MSP119)inmicethathadpreviouslyexperiencedmalariainfection.Inthisstudy,pre-exposureofmicetoPlasmodiumyoeliielicitednativeanti-MSP119antibodyresponses,whichcouldbeboostedbyvaccinationwithrecombinantMSP119，Likewise,infectionofMSP119-primedmicewithPlasmodiumyoelii(P.yoelii)ledtoanincreaseofanti-MSP119antibodies.MSP119vaccinationofmalariapreexposedmiceorimmunizationbyinfection/cureofMSP119-primedmiceenabledthemicetosurvivechallengeinfection,withtheformergrouphavingslightlylowerparasitaemia.Thedatasuggestthatexposuretomalariainfectionprimesanaturalimmuneresponsewhichcanbeboostedbyvaccination.Thisinformationisrelevanttothedevelopmentofavaccineforuseinindividualslivinginmalaria-endemicareas.

简介：信号变换器和蛋白质玩的抄写(STAT)的使活跃之物在表明有免疫力的回答的小径和规定的cytokine的一个重要角色。phosphorylated的平衡(激活)STAT1(pSTAT1)和STAT3(pSTAT3)在癌症免疫学被记录了。在这研究，我们在感染也的C57BL/6老鼠调查了pSTAT1和pSTAT3的动态平衡一不致命(Py17XNL)或致命(Py17XL)变形体yoelii的紧张。Py17XNL和Py17XL感染在寄生虫接种以后在第一天导致了STAT1和STAT3的最大的激活。另外，Py17XNL感染在感染的早阶段期间在老鼠导致了pSTAT1主导的回答，与parasitemia的决定。相反，Py17XL感染在感染的早阶段期间导致了pSTAT3主导的回答，与动物的死亡。我们的结果显示STAT1和STAT3的最大的激活比变形体yoelii感染与Py17XNL基于以前的报告和那感染导致的cytokines的山峰层次早很发生了，Py17XL导致了pSTAT1和pSTAT3平衡的不同动态模式。