简介：系统科学基于能在他们的努力在很学术的学科以内被使用探索世界的系统的一种通用语言。当前，系统科学盖住象设计的复杂适应系统，有弹性的系统或系统一样的许多不同途径。系统科学的未来扩展之一在一阶的系统科学上作为反射研究的一个新领域通过秒顺序系统科学的应用程序来。这篇文章一般来说在一阶的科学和秒顺序科学的关系上提供一个一般背景然后继续为一阶的系统科学为质量控制并且为革新为秒顺序系统科学和他们的潜力勾略一个基本轮廓。

简介：ThestudyfocusesonthedifficultsituationofthePragueLinguisticCircle(PLC)duringtheSecondWorldWar(WWⅡ).DespitethedecreaseofpublicationpossibilitiesandcensorshipinthefirstyearsofWWⅡtheactivitiesoftheCircledidnotsubstantiallychange:meetingsandlectureswentonandalsoSlovoaslovesnost(WordandVerbalArt)waspublisheduntil1943.Nevertheless,acertaindecreaseofactivitiescamein1944.Ingeneral,duringWWⅡtheCirclewasoneoffewcentersofCzechscholarlyeffortandthankstoitseveralkeyindividualworksofVilémMathesius,JanMukaovsky,BohuslavHavrnek,JiíVeltrusky,VladimírSkalickaetc.andcollectivebookssuchasTorsoatajemstvíMáchovadíla(TheFragmentandMysteryofMácha'sWork),teníojazyceapoesii(ReadingonLanguageandLiterature)werepublished.TheseworkssignificantlyhelpedtopreserveacontinuityofanimportantresearchtraditionoftheCzechStructuralism,andinfluencedafurtherdevelopmentofCzechlinguistics,aswellasCzechliterarycriticism,aesthetics,andtheatrestudies.ThepresentstudyfocusesalsoonJanMukaovsky'sactivitiesduringWWⅡandonhisworkspublishedatthattime.

简介：Inrecentyears,languagetransferhasbeenattachedgreatimportanceinthestudiesofsecondlanguageacquisitionandteaching.Boththepositiveandnegativetransfershouldbepaidgreatattentionto.Theinfluenceofmothertongueisthecoreaspectinthetransfertheoryofsecondlanguageacquisition.Ontheonehand,ifthesimilaritiesofthetwolanguagescanbefullyutilizedandcanproduceresultsthatfacilitatethesecondlanguageacquisition,theinfluencescanbereferredtoaspositive,andthetransfercanbecalledpositivetransfer.Ontheotherhand,negativetransferexistswhenmothertonguehasinsertedinterferenceswhichmaycauseerrorsinthesecondlanguageacquisitionprocess.Restrictionsmayoccurintheacquisitionprocessofsecondlanguage.

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简介：相对论的4D绳在Stueckelberg首先介绍的covariant量子论的框架被描述[Helv。Phys。Acta14，588(1941)]，并且进一步由Horwitz和Piron发展了[Helv。Phys。Acta46，316(1973)]，并且最后在Horwitz的书讨论了[相对论的量力学，Springer(2015)]。我们用相对论的泛音振荡器的解决方案描述时空字符串[J。数学。Phys。30，66(1989)]。我们首先学习分离的绳的问题，古典主义地并且量机械地，然后转到连续统限制的研究，它为一个扩大系统的量子化包含一个基本上新的形式体系。团和精力光谱被导出。一些比较与已知的绳模型一起被做。

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简介：Dendrimersareconsideredasapromisingfamilyoforganicsecond-ordernonlinearoptical(NLO)polymersbecauseoftheirwell-definedstructures,easilymodifiedperipheralfunctionalgroups,interiorbranchesandcentralcores.InordertoobtainNLOmaterialswithhighperformance,dendrimerstructureshavebeenoptimizedinthepastyears,suchasthe'branchonly'andthe'rootcontaining'typedendrimers.Thisfeaturearticlehighlightstheachievementsinexploringtherationaldesignofdendrimers,partiallymarkedbytheirmacroscopicNLOperformance.

简介：Nonlinearinteractionsofthetwo-dimensional(2D)secondmodewithobliquemodesarestudiednumericallyinaMach6.0flat-plateboundarylayer,focusingonitsselectiveenhancementeffectonamplificationofdifferentobliquewaves.Evolutionofobliquemodeswithvariousfrequenciesandspanwisewavenumbersinthepresenceof2Dsecondmodeissimulatedsuccessively,usingamodifiedparabolizedstabilityequation(PSE)method,whichisabletosimulateinteractionoftwomodeswithdifferentfrequenciesefficiently.Numericalresultsshowthatobliquemodesinabroadbandoffrequenciesandspanwisewavenumberscanbeenhancedbythefiniteamplitude2Dsecondmodeinstabilitywave.Theenhancementeffectisaccomplishedbyinteractionofthe2Dsecondmode,theobliquemode,andaforcedmodewithdifferencefrequency.Twotypesofobliquemodesarefoundtobemoreamplified,i.e.,obliquemodeswithfrequencyclosetothatofthe2Dsecondmodeandlow-frequencyfirstmodeobliquewaves.Eachofthemmaycorrespondtoonetypeoftransitionroutesfoundintransitionexperiments.Thespanwisewavenumberoftheobliquewavepreferredbythenonlinearinteractionisalsodeterminedbynumericalsimulations.

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简介：ThisresearchaimstoinvestigatethewritingproficiencyofHongKongpre-serviceESLteachers,inparticularhowtheirwritingproficiencydiffersascharacterizedbydistinguishingfeaturesinherentinsuchteachers'writingperformances.Over120pre-serviceESLteachersfromvariousprogrammesinlocaluniversitiesinHongKongwererecruitedforthestudy.Resultsshowedthatthehighertheirwritinglevel,thebettertheyperformedinasettaskaswellasingrammaticalrangeandaccuracy.Thedifferentprogrammestheyenrolledincouldaffectthenumberofcohesivedevicestheytendedtouse.Modeandyearsofstudyhadaneffectontaskachievementandnumberofcohesivedevice.Pre-serviceteachersenrolledintheteachertrainingprogrammesonapart-timebasisoutperformedthoseenrolledonafull-timebasis.Teacherswithmoreteachertrainingoutperformednewlyadmittedpre-serviceteachers.TheresultsofthisstudycouldprovideempiricalevidenceforidentifyingdifferentlevelsofwritingproficiencyforHongKongpre-serviceESLteachers.Onthisbasis,thelinkbetweenthewritingproficiencyofpre-serviceESLteachersandtheirassessmentofstudentscriptscouldbesubsequentlyestablishedinafollow-upstudytoexploretheirdifferencesinscoringfocusesandstrategieswhenscoringstudents'writings.Thiscouldfurthercontributetoteacherevaluation,teachertrainingconcerninglanguageproficiency,andtheimprovementofteachers'assessmentliteracyinhigh-stakesandL2classroomwritingassessment.

简介：Inthispaper,theeffectsofsecond-orderdifference-frequencywaveforcesontheglobalmotionofanoffshorewindturbinesystemwithalargedisplacementunderthesurvivalconditionarestudied.Inthiscase,thehydrodynamicforceisthemainforcebecausethebladesarefeatheredtoreducetheliftingforce.Thefirst-orderhydrodynamicforcesarecalculatedbyWADAM,whilethesecond-orderwaveforcesarecalculatedbyacustomizedMATLABmodule.ThenthehydrodynamiccoefficientsaretransferredtothewindturbineanalyticalcodeFAST.Throughthecomparisonsofdynamicresponsesbetweenthefirst-andsecond-ordernumericalmodels,itisfoundthatthesecond-orderwaveforcessignificantlyinfluencethemotionoffloatingwindturbineunderthesurvivalcondition.Moreover,neglectingthesecond-orderforcesignificantlyunderestimatesthetensionforcesinthemooringlines.

简介：蜕膜的生来的杀手(dNK)房间表示一连串的激活受体在早怀孕期间调整胎盘的免疫和开发。我们在在dNK和trophoblast房间之间的怀孕期和相互作用的第一和第二个三个月期间调查了人的dNK房间的功能的特性。尽管CD56+在全部的CD45+白血球之中的CD16−dNK没在这个句号，激活的受体的表示，NKp80和NKG2D上变化，极大地upregulated。我们与第二三个月蜕膜比较在第一个三个月在最近观察了extravilloustrophoblast房间的一个显著地更高的数字到dNK房间。当co有教养时，由第一个三个月dNK房间的NKG2D表示与HTR-8trophoblast房间线被减少。在第二个三个月，dNK激活的功能的标记，即，angiogenic因素生产(例如，脉管的endothelial生长因素，interleukin-8，interferon-gamma)，尽管有NKp80或NKG2D表面表示的增加的仍然是的马厩。而且，dNK房间的degranulation能力由CD107a估计了在第二个三个月被减少。我们建议在第一个三个月，trophoblast-dNK相互作用与压制的激活的显型产生dNK房间的一张人口。在第二个三个月，trophoblast-dNK相互作用的损失导致了dNK房间功能的抑制，尽管他们的激活的受体表示被增加。我们推测在怀孕期间，二机制操作调制激活受体的dNK房间activation:suppression，这由在第二个三个月联合的receptor-ligand的trophoblasts和解开在第一个三个月铺平。

简介：在概括粘弹性的液体上的古典学习，动量方程被考虑部分组成的模型导出，当精力方程被忽略时它的效果。这份报纸论述调查因为magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)流动和热与第二顺序速度的效果由于一个指数的加速盘子不可压缩的概括汉堡包液体转滑倒。精力方程和动量方程被部分汉堡包液体联合组成的模型。速度的数字解决方案，温度并且砍应力用与G1算法相结合的修改含蓄的有限差别方法被获得，其有效性被比较与分析答案证实。我们的结果证明部分参数并且在流动上的影响互相是相反的，它就像温度上的二个参数的效果一样。而且，松驰时间1的影响趋势和速度上的延迟时间3互相是相反的。增加边界参数将支持温度，但是在温度边界层厚度上有小效果。

简介：Background:Thesafetyandefficacyofcoronaryarterybypassgrafting(CABG)andsecond-generationdrug-elutingstents(DESs)inpatientswithcoronaryarterydisease(CAD)remaincontroversial.ThereforeweaimedtocomparetheoutcomesofCADpatientstreatedwithCABGandsecond-generationDESs.Methods:WesystematicallysearchedthePubMed,CochraneLibrary,Ovid,andElsevierdatabases.Studiescomparingsecond-generationDESswithCABGinCADpatientswereincluded.RevMan5.3wasusedtoextractandpoolthedatafromtheapplicablestudies.Results:Sixtrials(N=6604participants)wereincludedinthismeta-analysis.AmongalloftheCADpatients,second-generationDESswereassociatedwithnodifferencesintherisksofall-causedeath[riskratio(RR)1.18,95%confidenceinterval(CI)0.98–1.43,P=0.09],cardiovasculardeath(RR1.14,95%CI0.81–1.59,P=0.45),myocardialinfarction(RR1.22,95%CI0.98–1.54,P=0.08),andstroke(RR0.83,95%CI0.59–1.17,P=0.29),butincreasedtherisksofrevascularization(RR1.95,95%CI1.66–2.30,P<0.001)andmajoradversecardiacandcerebrovascularevents(RR1.72,95%CI:1.31–2.26,P<0.001)whencomparedwithCABG.Conclusions:InthetreatmentofCADpatients,second-generationDESswasnotassociatedwithincreasedrisksofall-causedeath,cardiovasculardeath,myocardialinfarction,andstroke,butincreasedtherisksofrevascularizationandmajoradversecardiacandcerebrovasculareventswhencomparedwithCABG.