简介：由于唯一的结构的模式和一个合成三明治盘子的材料性质，象一根合成桅杆的碎片影响电阻那样的相关研究缺少出版并且在这个领域里迫切。在这篇论文，通常接受的三明治核心板理论被修改。碎片攻击引起的损坏被模仿到与固体和壳元素造的一个三明治板模型上。砍，这被显示出裂开的失败和广阔矩阵是为外部上衣损坏，和紧张失败的主要原因，部分矩阵裂开是为内部上衣损坏的原因。根据在实际的海战争的复杂性，另外，导弹攻击的不同工作条件被设置。不同碎片尺寸的弹道的限制值也被获得，它为提高一根合成桅杆的碎片影响抵抗提供引用。

简介：SAT-basedboundedmodelchecking(BMC)hasbeenintroducedasacomplementarytechniquetoBDD-basedsymbolicmodelcheckinginrecentyears,andalotofsuccessfulworkhasbeendoneinthisdirection.TheapproachwasfirstintroducedbyA.Biereetal.incheckinglineartemporallogic(LTL)formulaeandthenalsoadaptedtocheckformulaeoftheuniversalfragmentofcomputationtreelogic(ACTL)byW.Penczeketal.Astheefficiencyofmodelcheckingisstillanimportantissue,wepresentanimprovedBMCapproachforACTLbasedonPenczek'smethod.Weconsidertwoaspectsoftheapproach.Oneisreductionofthenumberofvariablesandtransitionsinthek-modelbydistinguishingthetemporaloperatorEXfromtheothers.Theotherissimplificationofthetransformationofformulaebyusinguniformpathencodinginsteadofadisjunctionofallpathsneededinthek-model.Withtheseimprovements,foranACTLformula,thelengthofthefinalencodingoftheformulaintheworstcaseisreduced.TheimprovedapproachisimplementedinthetoolBMVandiscomparedwiththeoriginalonebyapplyingbothtotwowellknownexamples,mutualexclusionanddiningphilosophers.Thecomparisonshowstheadvantagesoftheimprovedapproachwithrespecttotheefficiencyofmodelchecking.

简介：TheroleplayedbyDNAinmolecularbiologyisclearlyrecognizedtobevitaltolifeonthisplanet.8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2deoxyguanosine(=8-OHdG),isprobablythemostimportantproductof"oxidativestress”inDNA.ItsconcentrationinDNAis,infact.aquantitativeanalysisofthedegreeofDNAdamagethatanorganismhasundergone.Duetotheimportanceof8-OHdGofnucleicacidginmutagenesis,carcinogenesisandaging,numerouschemicalandbiologicalinvestigationshavebeenmadeonthissubjectinthepasttime.Kuchinoandco-workershavefoundthat8-OHdGresidueinDNAismisreadingduringtheprocessofDNAreplication.Recently,somereportshavebeenpresentedonhigh8-OHdGlevelsinpatientssufferingfromvariousdiseasessuchaschronichepatitis,Fanconisanemia,diabetesmellitusandHelicobacterpyloriinfections.Asaresult,8-OHdGisausefulmarkerforthestudyofDNAdamagearisingfromreactiveoxygenspeciesandisofgreatsignificanceforcancerresearch.The8-OHdGlevelsinDNAcanhelpunderstandthemechanismofcarcinogensandleadtomoreeffectivetreatmentsformanydifferenttypesofcancer.Forthesereasons,ananalysisof8-OHdGwithquickness,lowcostandhighaccuracyisrequired.

简介：Ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａｔｅ　Ｍａｓｓ　Ｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔ　Ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ　ｉｎ　Ａｒ＋Ａｇ　ＣｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎｓＩｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａｔｅＭａｓｓＦｒａｇｍｅｎｔＥｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｉｎＡｒ＋ＡｇＣｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎｓ￥ＷｕＥｎｊｉｕ；ＺｈｅｎｇＪｉｗｅｎ；Ｗ...

简介：ToobtaintherecombinantsolubleproteinoftheextracellularfragmentofhumanTRAILgeneandtoidentifyitsfunctionpreliminarily,thisgenefragmentwasamplifiedfromperipheralbloodmononu-clearcells(PBMC)byRT-PCRandclonedintovectorpGEM-T-Easyforsequenceanalysis.Theexpres-sionvectorpET-30a/TRAILwasthenconstructedbyDNArecombinationmethodwithaHis-taggeneatthefrontoftheTRAILfragment,andtherecombinantproteinwasexpressedinE.coliBL21(DE3).Meanwhile,theexpressedtargetproteinwaspurifiedwithNi-NTAchromatographycolumnandidentifiedbySDS-PAGEandWesternblotting.TheproliferationinhibitionactivityofTRAIL-HiswasdetectedbyMTTassay.PIstainingandWright-GiemsastainingwereusedtodetectthepresenceoftheTRAIL-in-ducedcellapoptosis.ItwasdemonstratedthatthetargetproteinexpressedinE.coliBL21showedthesamerelativemolecularmassasthattheproteinexpectedandcouldberecognizedbyboththeanti-TRAILpolyclonalantibodyandanti-Hismonoclonalantibody.Inaddition,thisproteincouldalsoinhibitprolif-erationofhumanlymphomacelllineJurkatcellsorinduceapoptosisofthiscellline.ItisapparentthatarecombinantsolubleTRAILproteinwithbiologicalactivityisobtainedandthisprospectivestudycanlaysolidfoundationforfurtherresearchonthebiologicalactivityandapplicationintheanti-tumortherapy.

简介：AbstractObjective:Fragment injury is a type of blast injury that is becoming more and more common in military campaigns and terrorist attacks. Numerical simulation methods investigating the formation of natural fragments and injuries to biological targets are expected to be developed.Methods:A cylindrical warhead model was established and the formation process of natural fragments was simulated using the approach of tied nodes with failure through the explicit finite element (FE) software of LS-DYNA. The interaction between the detonation product and the warhead shell was simulated using the fluid-structure interaction algorithm. A method to simulate the injury of natural fragments to a biological target was presented by transforming Lagrange elements into smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) particles after the natural fragments were successfully formed. A computational model of the human thorax was established to simulate the injury induced by natural fragments by the node-to-surface contact algorithm with erosion.Results:The discontinuous velocities of the warhead shell at different locations resulted in the formation of natural fragments with different sizes. The velocities of natural fragments increased rapidly at the initial stage and slowly after the warhead shell fractured. The initial velocities of natural fragments at the central part of the warhead shell were the largest, whereas those at both ends of the warhead shell were the smallest. The natural fragments resulted in bullet holes that were of the same shape as that of the fragments but slightly larger in size than the fragments in the human thorax after they penetrated through. Stress waves propagated in the ribs and enhanced the injury to soft tissues; additionally, ballistic pressure waves ahead of the natural fragments were also an injury factor to the soft tissues.Conclusion:The proposed method is effective in simulating the formation of natural fragments and their injury to biological targets. Moreover, this method will be beneficial for simulating the combined injuries of natural fragments and shock waves to biological targets.

简介：损坏结构的碎片引起的危险在意外爆炸或敌对强风事件通常是重要的。估计可能的碎片尺寸，速度和发射距离的一个可靠、有效的方法将是有用的估计并且设计反措施减轻可能的碎片危险。这篇论文为预言尺寸和石工技术墙的爆炸损坏引起的碎片的发射距离论述一个数字方法。有不同放大距离的数字模拟被执行，并且碎片的统计分发功能缩放，发射距离以放大距离被导出。

简介：Polycrystallineceramicshaveheterogeneousmeso-structureswhichresultinhighsingularityinstressdistribution.Basedonthis,aprogressivefragmentmodelwasproposedwhichdescribesthefailurewaveformationandpropagationinshockedceramics.Thegoverningequationofthefailurewavewascharacterizedbyinelasticbulkstrainwithmaterialdamageandfracture.Andtheinelasticbulkstrainconsistsofdilatantstrainfromnucleationandexpansionofmicrocracksandcondensedstrainfromcollapseoforiginalpores.Numericalsimulationofthefreesurfacevelocitywasperformedingoodagreementwithplanarimpactexperimentson92.93％aluminasatChinaAcademyofEngineeringPhysics.Andthelongitudinal,lateralandshearstresshistoriesuponthearrivalofthefailurewavewerepredicted,whichpresentthediminishedshearstrengthandlostspallstrengthinthefailedlayer.

简介：ＦｒａｇｍｅｎｔＡｎｇｕｌａｒＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒ１０００ＭｅＶ４０（Ａｒ）＋２０９ＢｉＲｅａｃｔｉｏｎ￥ＹｕＸｉａｎ，ＣｈｅｎＫｅｌｉａｎｇ，ＬｉｕＧｕｏｘｉｎｇ，ＺｈａｎｇＪｉｗｅｎ，ＳｕｎＴｏｎｇｙｕ，ＷｕＤｉｎｇ...

简介：ＦｒａｇｍｅｎｔＡｎｇｕｌａｒＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＣｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎＩｎｄｕｃｅｄｂｙＨｅａｖｙＩｏｎｓｉｎＩｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａｔｅＥｎｅｒｇｙＲｅｇｉｏｎ￥ＬｉｕＧｕｏｘｉｎｇ；ＣｈｅｎＫｅｌｉａｎｇ；ＹｕＸｉａｎａｎｄＤａ...

简介：Background:Withinthehighlybio-diverse‘NorthernVietnamLowlandRainForestsEcoregion'onlysmall,andmostlyhighlymodifiedforestlandspersistwithinvastexotic-speciesplantations.Theaimofthisstudywastoelucidatevegetationpatternsofasecondaryhillsiderainforestremnant(elevation120–330m,76ha)asanoutcomeofnaturalprocesses,andanthropogenicprocesseslinkedtochangingforestvalues.Methods:Intherainforestremnanttreespeciesandvariousbio-physicalparameters(relatingtosoilsandterrain)weresurveyedonforty20m×20msizedplots.Theforest'svegetationpatternsandtreediversitywereanalysedusingdendrograms,canonicalcorrespondenceanalysis,andotherstatisticaltools.Results:Foresttreespeciesrichnesswashigh(172inthesurvey,94perhectare),includingmanyendemicspecies(>16%;somerecentlydescribed).Vegetationpatternsanddiversitywerelargelyexplainedbytopography,withcolline/sub-montanespeciespresentmainlyalonghillsideridges,andlowland/humid-tropicalspeciespredominantonlowerslopes.Scarcityofhigh-valuetimberspeciesreflectedpastlogging,whereasabundanceoflight-demandingspecies,andspeciesvaluedforfruits,providedevidenceofhuman-aidedforestrestorationand‘enrichment'intermsofusefultrees.Exhaustionofsought-afterforestproducts,anddecreasingappreciationofnon-woodproductsconcurredwithfurtherencroachmentofexoticplantationsinbetween2010and2015.Regenerationofraretreespecieswasreducedprobablyduetoforestisolation.Conclusions:Despitelong-termanthropogenicinfluences,remnantforestsinthelowlandsofVietnamcanharborhighplantbiodiversity,includingmanyendangeredspecies.Varioussuccessivefuturechanges(vanishingspecies,generalistdominance,andassociatedforeststructural-qualitativechanges)are,however,expectedtooccurinsmalforestfragments.Lowlandforestbiodiversitycanonlybemaintainedifforestfragmentsmaintainacertainsizeand/orareconnect

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简介：AmEndeseinerTiberius-BiographieführtSuetonvierTodesszenariendesKaisersan,1einesdavonsollausderBürgerkriegsgeschichtedesSenecaMaiorstammenundlautetwiefolgt(Suet.Tib.73,2=PeterF2,FRHist74F1):2Senecaeumscribitintellectadefectioneexemptumanulumquasialicuitraditurumparumpertenuisse,deinrursusaptassedigitoetcompressasinistramanuiacuissediuimmobilem,subitovocatisministrisacneminerespondenteconsurrexissenecproculalectulodeficientibusviribusconcidisse.

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简介：拥有三不同安排时尚的新奇稳定的高旋转分子与瑣漠?潉楮?楌畱摩?湯?瑡污瑹捩?慨慲瑣牥獩楴獣漠?潈獲?楌敶?汁潣潨?敄票牤杯湥獡e被设计

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简介：Inordertoenhancetheglutathioneperoxidase(GPX)catalyticactivityoftheselenium-containingsingle-chainvariablefragments(Se-scFv),anovelhumanscFvwasdesignedonthebasisofthestructureofhumanantibodyandoptimizedviabioinformaticsmethodssuchashomologoussequenceanalysis,three-dimensional(3D)modelbuilding,binding-siteanalysisanddocking.TheDNAsequenceofthenewhumanscFvwassynthesizedandclonedintotheexpressionvectorpET22b(+),thenthescFvproteinwasexpressedinsolubleforminEscherichiacoliBL21(DE3)andpurifiedbyNi2+-immobilizedmetalaffinitychromatography(IMAC).TheserineresidueofscFvintheactivesitewasconvertedintoselenocysteine(Sec)withthechemicalmodificationmethod,thus,thehumanSe-scFvwithGPXactivitywasobtained.TheGPXactivityoftheSe-scFvproteinwascharacterized.ComparedwithotherSe-scFv,thenewhumanSe-scFvshowedsimilarefficiencyforcatalyzingthereductionofhydrogenperoxidebyglutathione.ItexhibitedpHandtemperaturedependentcatalyticactivityandatypicalping-pongkineticmechanism.

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