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简介：Establishedin1972,theBeijingDongfengPharmaceuticalFactoryisaState-ownedenterprise.ItislocatedinthesuburbofBeijingonanareaof100,000sq.mandwithastaffof1,500.Thefactoryproduces300kindsofWesternandChineseready-mademedicines.Onekindofinjectionproducedbythefactoryiseffectiveforhepatitis

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简介：Morethan40%ofnewlydiscovereddrugshavelittleornowatersolubilitywhichpresentsaseriouschallengetothesuccessfuldevelopmentandcommercializationofnewdrugsinthepharmaceuticalindustry.Additionally,morethan90%ofdrugsapprovedsince1995havepoorsolubility,poorpermeability,orboth.Therefore,itmaybenecessarytoincreasethedoseofapoorlysolubledrugtoobtaintherequiredefficacywhichcanleadtomoresideeffectsandhighercosttothepatient.Performanceofdrugscanbeimprovedbydecreasingtheparticlesizeand,atthesametime,increasingspecificsurfacearea,dissolutionrateandthebioavailabilityofthedruginthehumanbody.Theroutesofadministrationaredifferentandlistedas60%fororal,5%forpulmonary,5%forocular,5%fortopicaland25%forinjectable,approximately.Theinjectabledrugsarethemostinterestingonesfornanoization,becausesmallerparticleswillincreaseperformance,andwillbeusefulwhenusingmicroneedles.InatypicalmanufacturingprocessofAPIs(activepharmaceuticalingredients)topdownprocesseslikehighpressurehomogenizationandwetbeadmillingareusedasstandardmethodstodecreasetheparticlesizesdowntoafinenessrangeof10to500nanometers.

简介：Thispaperreviewsourworkonthefundamentalprinciplesofhighgravitycontrolledprecipitation(HGCP)technology,anditsapplicationsintheproductionofdrugnanoparticles,whichwascarriedoutinarotatingpackedbed(RPB).Severalkindsofdrugnanoparticleswithnarrowparticlesizedistributions(PSDs)weresuccessfullypreparedviaHGCP,includingthe300-nmCefuroximeAxetil(CFA)particles,200–400-nmcephradineparticles,500-nmsalbutamolsulfate(SS)particles(100nminwidth),and850-nmbeclomethasonedipropionate(BDP)particles,etc.Comparedtodrugsavailableinthecurrentmarket,allthedrugnanoparticlesproducedbyHGCPexhibitedadvantagesinbothformulationanddrugdelivery,thusimprovingthebioavailabilityofdrugs.HGCPisessentiallyaplatformtechnologyforthepreparationofpoorlywater-solubledrugnanoparticlesfororalandinjectiondelivery,andofinhalabledrugsforpulmonarydelivery.Consequently,HGCPofferspotentialapplicationsinthepharmaceuticalindustryduetoitscost-effectiveness,efficientprocessingandtheeaseofscaling-up.

简介：从进移动的静止的鞋的粉末的流动行为死，它模仿在一个旋转的碑出版社充满过程的die，用一个分离元素方法(DEM)被分析，在哪个2D不规则的塑造的粒子被考虑。粒子形状，尺寸和尺寸分发的影响，粒子的数字在模拟使用了，在鞋的粉末床的起始的高度，并且平均集体流动率上的充满的速度和批评充满速度(die能完全在被充满的最高的速度)被探索。最大的流动率为调查的所有系统以批评充满速度被获得，poly分散系统比单音分散系统有更高集体的流动率和更高批评的充满速度，这被发现了。另外，有能镶嵌的粒子的粉末通常有更低的充满率和更低的批评充满速度。

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简介：Theinfluenceofmembranefoulingontheretentionofthetraceorganiccontaminantsulfamethoxazolebyananofiltration(NF)processwasinvestigated.Organicfoulingcausedaseverefluxdeclinepossiblyduetoporeblockingandadsorptiondirectlyafterthecommencementofthefoulinglayerdevelopment.Suchmembrane-foulantinteractionswereabsentforcolloidalfouling,whichresultedinamoregradualfluxdecline.Membranechargeplayedasignificantroleintheseparationprocessofinorganicsalts,wheretheretentionwasthehighestinacausticenvironment(highpH)duetomoreswollenmembranematerialcausedbythehighernegativechargeonthemembrane.Organicfoulingandacombinationofcolloidalandorganicfoulingledtoasignificantincreaseinthemembranenegativecharge.Theinfluenceofmembranefoulingonsoluteretentionwasdependentonthefoulingbehaviourandthephysicochemicalpropertiesofthemodelfoulants,wherethemodelfoulantsprobablycontributedtoanincreaseintheretentionofchargedsolutesduetoenhancedelectrostaticinteractions.Organicfoulingcausedanincreaseintheretentionofinorganicsaltsandsulfamethoxazoleduetoporeblocking.Incontrast,colloidalfoulingcausedadecreaseintheretentionofinorganicsaltsduetocake-enhancedconcentrationpolarisation.However,thepresenceofacolloidalfoulinglayerdidnotreducetheretentionofsulfamethoxazole.Amixtureofcolloidalandorganicmatterimprovedtheretentionofinorganicsalts.AsimilarconclusioncanbeinferredforsulfamethoxazoleatpH4whenthecompoundexistsinaneutralform.

简介：XiJianyingisunfortunateandfortunateatthesametime.Nowinherlate60s,thewomaninShandongProvince,easternChina,hassufferedanunknownpaininherheadsinceyoung.Sheisfortunateinthatforthepast20years,apharmaceuticalcompanyinJinan,theprovincialcapital,hasdoneeverythingitcantorelieveherofthepain.Believeitornot,theDongfeng(meaningEastWind)PharmaceuticalFactoryhasbeenproducinga"miracle"medicinejustforonepatient,forXi,wholivesinamountainousvillageonthesuburbsofTai’anCity,intotaldisregardofthehugecostinvolvedandthelossthusincurred.

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简介：JournalofChinesePharmaceuticalSciences,undertakenbySchoolofPharmaceuticalSciencesPekingUniversityanddirectedbyChinesePharmaceuticalAssociation,hasbeenindexedastheSourceJournalforChinesescientificandtechnicalpapersandcitationsstartingfromNovember,2010.TheSourceJournalforChinesescientificandtechnicalpapersandcitations,assessedinCJCR(ChineseS&TJournalCitationReports)byISTIC(InstituteofScientificandTechnicalInformationofChina),hasbecomethemostimportantsci-techjournalgroupwithhighacademicauthorityinChina.

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简介：号码3EditorialCommittee保持了的中国药品的科学(英语版本)的杂志它在在Jiuhua山坏人北京的2007年1月的从第19的第一个会议到第20。来自药品的地的许多参加者加入了这个研习班，如此的asAcademician李--他来自北京大学的药品的科学的学院的张，AcademicianGeng-从MateriaMedica的研究所的道刘，医药科学的中国学院，北京的药品的科学的学院的院长刘普罗费瑟朱尼伊，大学，北京的药品的科学的学院的副院长卡恩格藏教授，从编辑委员会的大学，以及55newmembers，出席

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简介：AbstractBackground:Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are a crucial suite of measures to prevent and control infectious disease outbreaks. Despite being particularly important for crisis-affected populations and those living in informal settlements, who typically reside in overcrowded and resource limited settings with inadequate access to healthcare, guidance on NPI implementation rarely takes the specific needs of such populations into account. We therefore conducted a systematic scoping review of the published evidence to describe the landscape of research and identify evidence gaps concerning the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of NPIs among crisis-affected populations and informal settlements.Methods:We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2020 to collate available evidence on the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of NPIs in crisis-affected populations and informal settlements. We performed quality assessments of each study using a standardised questionnaire. We analysed the data to produce descriptive summaries according to a number of categories: date of publication; geographical region of intervention; typology of crisis, shelter, modes of transmission, NPI, research design; study design; and study quality.Results:Our review included 158 studies published in 85 peer-reviewed articles. Most research used low quality study designs. The acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of NPIs was highly context dependent. In general, simple and cost-effective interventions such as community-level environmental cleaning and provision of water, sanitation and hygiene services, and distribution of items for personal protection such as insecticide-treated nets, were both highly feasible and acceptable. Logistical, financial, and human resource constraints affected both the implementation and sustainability of measures. Community engagement emerged as a strong factor contributing to the effectiveness of NPIs. Conversely, measures that involve potential restriction on personal liberty such as case isolation and patient care and burial restrictions were found to be less acceptable, despite apparent effectiveness.Conclusions:Overall, the evidence base was variable, with substantial knowledge gaps which varied between settings and pathogens. Based on the current landscape, robust evidence-based guidance is not possible, and a research agenda is urgently required that focusses on these specific vulnerable populations. Although implementation of NPIs presents unique practical challenges in these settings, it is critical that such an agenda is put in place, and that the lessons learned from historical and present experiences are documented to build a firm evidence base.