简介：

简介：

简介：在独居的parasitoids的Superparasitism导致在不成熟的parasitoids之间的致命的竞争，并且因而，仅仅一个个人能出现。在semisolitary能杀卵的parasitoidEchthrodelphaxfairchildii(Hymenoptera：Dryinidae)，2个成年人能与短间隔出现在superparasitism下面(<24h)在第一和第二ovipositions之间。我们在自我下面决定了女parasitoid的行为的回答--并且有≤2h的first-to-secondoviposition间隔的同种的superparasitism一回。自我--并且同种的superparasitizing频率增加了直到0.75h的oviposition间隔与比后者低的以前的留下，特别地为≤0.25h的oviposition间隔，建议self-/conspecific歧视的存在。为≥0.75h的oviposition间隔的superparasitizing频率plateaued，没有自我之间的差别--并且同种的superparasitism。能杀卵探查的频率没在自我下面不同--并且同种的superparasitism，并且通常是<20%。女性没为oviposition方面展出偏爱(即，方面与或没有第一个子孙上的ovipositing)并且为在自我下面的任何oviposition间隔的几乎总是生的女鸡蛋--并且同种的superparasitism。性比率没被能杀卵的探查的superparasitism，oviposition方面，或出现的类型影响。关于oviposition的这些观察结果站在一起，能杀卵的探查，并且性比率不同于获得的预言假设女性最佳地表现。为差异的可能的原因被讨论：可能的候选人包括选择oviposition方面并且能杀卵的探查的高费用，并且，为性比率，在superparasitism一回前遇到合适的主人的低频率。

简介：

简介：

简介：自尊是一种积极的心理品质，是勇于开拓进取者不可缺少的心理品质。

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：Hello,mynameisLiuLinhan.MyEnglishnameisPeter.Iamelevenyearsold.NowIamstudyinginQingyunliprimaryschool.IaminGradefour,Classfive.IliveinQinhuangdao.Therearethreemembersinmyfamily:father,motherandI.TheylovemeandIlovethemverymuch.Inmysparetime,

简介：

简介：

简介：Bilayermembranesself-assembledfromamphiphilicmoleculessuchaslipids,surfactants,andblockcopolymersareubiquitousinbiologicalandphysiochemicalsystems.Theshapeandstructureofbilayermembranesdependcruciallyontheirmechanicalpropertiessuchassurfacetension,bendingmoduli,andlinetension.Understandinghowthemolecularpropertiesoftheamphiphilesdeterminethestructureandmechanicsoftheself-assembledbilayersrequiresamolecularlydetailedtheoreticalframework.Theself-consistentfieldtheoryprovidessuchatheoreticalframework,whichiscapableofaccuratelypredictingthemechanicalparametersofself-assembledbilayermembranes.Inthisminireviewwesummarizetheformulationoftheself-consistentfieldtheory,asexemplifiedbyamodelsystemcomposedofflexibleamphiphilicchainsdissolvedinhydrophilicpolymericsolvents,anditsapplicationtothestudyofself-assembledbilayermembranes.

简介：

简介：Self-assemblednanostructuresoflipidsandnanoparticlesholdgreatpromiseforapplicationsinsuchfieldsasnanomedicine.Thispaperusestheself-consistentfieldtheorytoinvestigatetheself-assemblybehavioroflipidmoleculesandnanoparticleswithdifferentshapesinanaqueoussolution.Itisfoundthatthelipidmoleculescanformmonolayeredandbilayerednanostructuresaroundthenanoparticleswithdifferentshapes(e.g.,triangular,square,hexagonalandoctangular).Withdecreasingthesizeofnanoparticlesorincreasingthenumberofpolygonedges,theshapeoflipidlayerswillapproachanapproximatelysphericalshape.Thesefindingsmayhelptopredictanddesignnoveldrugdeliverynanocarriers.

简介：Anewspeciallycorrelatedpartiallycoherentbeamnamednonuniformmulti-Gaussiancorrelated(NMGC)partiallycoherentbeamisintroduced.Thecorrelationfunctionsofsuchbeaminxandydirectionsaredifferentfromeachother,i.e.,nonuniformcorrelationfunctioninonedirectionandmulti-GaussiancorrelatedSchell-modelfunctionintheotherdirection.ThepropagationpropertiesofanNMGCpartiallycoherentbeaminfreepacearedemonstrated,andwefindthattheintensitydistributionofsuchbeamexhibitsself-focusingandself-shiftingeffectinonedirectionandself-shapingeffectintheotherdirectiononpropagation.Thecorrelation-inducedself-focusingandself-shapingeffectwillbeusefulinsomeapplications,wherethehighpowerandshapedlaserisrequired,suchasmaterialthermalprocessingandlasercarving.

简介：Wetheoreticallyandexperimentallystudyself-acceleratingandself-breathingBessel-likebeamsthatfollowarbitrarytrajectories,includinghyperbolic,hyperbolicsecant,andthree-dimensional(3D)spiralingtrajectories.ThebeamshaveanoverallBessel-likeprofileintransversedimensions;however,theintensityoftheircentralmainlobebreatheswhiletravelingalongacurvedtrajectory.Suchbeamscanbereadilygeneratedexperimentallythroughappropriatephasemodulationoftheopticalwavefront.Thebeamscontributetothedesignofnewfamiliesofself-acceleratingbeams.

简介：在有限领域上的排列代码被介绍，为自我双的排列代码的存在或不存在的一些条件被获得。

简介：Thispaperthoroughlyinvestigatestheproblemofrobotself-locationbylinecorrespondences.Theoriginalcontributionsarethree-fold:(1)Obtainthenecessaryandsufficientconditiontodeterminelinearlytherobot'sposebytwolinecorrespondences.(2)Showthatifthespacelinesareverticalones,itisimpossibletodeterminelinearlytherobot'sposenomatterhowmanylinecorrespondenceswehave,andtheminimumnumberoflinecorrespondencesis3todetermineuniquely(butnon-linearly)therobot'spose.(3)Showthatifthespacelinesarehorizontalones,theminimumnumberoflinecorrespondencesis3forlineardeterminationand2fornon-lineardeterminationoftherobot'spose.

简介：Aspecialpropertyofmethylammoniumtungstate,so-calledself-reductibilityisstudiedinthepresentpaper.Theresearchshowsthatthetungstatehasthecharacteristicsofself-reductibilitywhenitisheatedtocertaintemperatureatwhichitautomati-callydecomposesandreducesitselftolowervalencytungstenoxidesorevenmetallictungsteninN2.Thehigherthetemperature,thestrongertheself-reductibility.Ahighertemperatureisnecessarytoformmetallictungsten.NewprocessesfortheproductionofpureoxidesWO2.72,WO2andmetallictungstenWaredevelopedonthebasisoftheresearchofself-reductibilityofthetungstate.