简介：AbstractPurpose:An injury surveillance information system (ISIS) collects, analyzes, and distributes data on injuries to promote health care delivery. The present study aimed to review the data elements and functional requirements of this system.Method:This study was conducted in 2019. Studies related to injury surveillance system were searched from January 2000 to September 2019 via the databases of PubMed, Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Articles related to the epidemiology of injury, population survey, and letters to the editor were excluded, while the review and research articles related to ISISs were included in the study. Initially 324 articles were identified, and finally 22 studies were selected for review. Having reviewed the articles, the data needed were extracted and the results were synthesized narratively.Results:The results showed that most of the systems reviewed in this study used the minimum data set suggested by the World Health Organization injury surveillance guidelines along with supplementary data. The main functions considered for the system were injury track, data analysis, report, data linkage, electronic monitoring and data dissemination.Conclusion:ISISs can help to improve healthcare planning and injury prevention. Since different countries have various technical and organizational infrastructures, it is essential to identify system requirements in different settings.

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简介：摘要 : 为了满足公共气象影视事业发展的需要， 对 总控系统进行了高清升级改造。升级后的系统更符合现代电视主流技术需要。相较原有系统更具安全性、实用性和可扩展性，能够承担高标清信号接收、调度、监控、技术监测、 传输的重要职能，保障节目传输、直转播、信号资源共享等实时业务的运行，满足新技术条件下的安播需求。本文从项目设计到施工，详细介绍了此次高清升级改造的过程。

简介：摘要 : 为了满足公共气象影视事业发展的需要， 对 总控系统进行了高清升级改造。升级后的系统更符合现代电视主流技术需要。相较原有系统更具安全性、实用性和可扩展性，能够承担高标清信号接收、调度、监控、技术监测、 传输的重要职能，保障节目传输、直转播、信号资源共享等实时业务的运行，满足新技术条件下的安播需求。本文从项目设计到施工，详细介绍了此次高清升级改造的过程。

简介：摘要目的探讨4K超高清(UHD)腹腔镜进行肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻(UPJO)的安全性、有效性及优势。方法收集2018年6月至2019年6月期间郑州大学第一附属医院收治UPJO患者60例，根据在不同腹腔镜下行肾盂成形术，将患者分为UHD组(n＝30)及常规高清(HD)组(n＝30)。收集两组患者的临床数据(性别、年龄、体重指数、肾积水程度)及围术期数据(手术时间、术中出血量、肾周引流量、引流时间及术后住院时间)。计量资料采用t检验或秩和检验，计数资料采用χ2检验。结果60例患者手术均成功，无中转开放手术，HD组和UHD组的人口特征差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HD组和UHD组的手术时间为(114.800±11.047) min比(107.500±8.423) min，差异有统计学意义(t＝2.878，P<0.05)；出血量为(35.330±11.059) ml比(29.670±10.417) ml，差异有统计学意义(t＝2.043，P<0.05)。HD组和UHD组其他围术期数据分别为：肾周引流量(45.670±8.172) ml比(44.000±7.589) ml；引流时间(3.270±0.944) d比(3.270±0.980) d；术后住院时间(7.230±0.430) d比(7.070±0.521) d，差异无统计学意义(t＝0.819、0.000、1.351，P>0.05)。60例患者均进行1年的术后随访，UHD组及HD组患者术后症状消失，且均无再梗阻患者，不需再次行肾盂成形术或留置双J管。HD组术后少量漏尿1例，1周后自愈。UHD组术后泌尿系感染1例，予以抗生素应用后症状好转。结论4K-UHD腹腔镜及HD腹腔镜系统下肾盂成形术具有相同的安全性与有效性。与HD腹腔镜系统比较，4K-UHD腹腔镜系统的优势体现在缩短了手术时间，减少了术中失血量。

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简介：AbstractThe lysosome is the most acidic membrane-bound intracellular organelle. Lysosomal acidity is primarily maintained by vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and counter ion channels. There are >60 hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosome for its fundamental digestive role. Lysosomes also play important roles in endocytosis, exocytosis, autophagy, and cell death. Studies that have implicated roles of lysosomes in the female reproductive system are reviewed here. In the ovary, lysosomes are implicated in the preparation of free cholesterol for steroidogenesis and degradation of regulators of steroidogenesis, regulation of follicular atresia, follicle rupture during ovulation, luteal cell survival, and luteal regression. In the oviduct, lysosomes are involved in endocytosis of both serum and oviductal luminal components. In the uterus during the menstrual/estrous cycle, lysosomes are associated with endometrial secretion, apoptosis, and menstruation. In the uterus during early pregnancy, lysosomes are involved in the temporal and directional changes of endocytosis, uterine epithelial acidification upon embryo implantation initiation, and embryo-maternal mutual communications via extracellular vesicles. In the placenta, lysosomes are implicated in nutrient transport and placental separation from the uterus for parturition. In the mammary gland, lysosomes are important for mammary gland development and involution. These findings suggest/demonstrate functions of lysosomes in multiple processes of female reproduction, from ovulation to ovarian steroidogenesis for pregnancy maintenance, and from essential in utero nurturing of developing embryos/fetuses via embryo/fetal-maternal communications, to optional postpartum nurturing of newborns via lactation. Future studies using genetically or modified animal models and pharmacological approaches will provide novel insights into the functions and mechanisms of lysosomes in the mammalian female reproductive system.

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简介：摘要 :。目前，普教中信息化教学的媒体仍然以幻灯、投影为主。这是因为其教学设备简单，利于普及。教师可以利用幻灯、投影图片进行问答，引导学生在己有经验和知识的基础上积极思考，从而获得新知识。传统的幻灯、投影是用一台投影机把所要显示的内容投射到屏幕上，受限于投影机本身显示分辨率不是很高，虽然可以通过调整投影机的到屏幕的摆放距离来显示较大的投影画面，但相应的投影亮度将会大打折扣，一台投影机投射出的画面也是相当有限的，这也决定了它所显示的内容将相当有限。特别地，在一些大教室或大会议室等需要投影显示的地方，这种缺陷就更加明显。基于这样的现实，综合考量后，本项目提出多投影无缝高清大屏显示技术研究，通过采用融合技术实现多台投影机的无缝拼接以构建一个分辨率更大，显示内容更加丰富的大屏显示系统。对提高校园投影教学质量、激发学生的学习积极性以及创造性有重要的理论和现实意义

简介：摘要：视频会议在如今的时代已经不算是一个很新鲜的形式和方式。互联网随处都在对利用工作效率来完成工作。而现在这种方法对视频会议的形式也在全新的互联网技术中被颠覆和刷新了。高清时代的来临，对于视频会议能够达到一个极高的用户体验。这个高清连线的价值也远远的超过了视频会议说本身所带来的价值，属于互联网行业的一个新的技术和突破。同时，在此次的疫情期间，高清时代的视频会议也使很多的企业公司带来了极大的便捷。本文将针对于远程的高清视频会议的创新思考进行一个辨析和分析。

简介：摘要： 随着媒体技术的发展进步，使得广播电台的播出效果得到逐步提升。传统的媒体电信号的传输，也正在转变为更高质量的数字信号传输，使得广播电视更加清晰，使得观众的感官体验得到提升。我国广播电视播出系统高清升级改造项目的快速深入，给人们带来了优质的节目体验。但在升级改造的过程中，广播电视台播出系统成为了改造的重中之重。本文从系统设计思路、注意事项、相关建设等方面，对广播电视台播出系统高清升级进行探讨。

简介：摘要： 随着 4K、 8 K超高清技术在世界杯、奥运会等大型赛事制作和转播领域的全面应用，超高清视频技术发展越来越快。在国内随着 4K电视终端的全面普及和广东电视台、中央电视台 4K频道的开播， 4K超高清播出系统将进人快速发展阶段 。因此本文主要是对 4K超高清制播关键技术进行分析，在这个基础上提出了下文中的一些内容。

简介：摘要：视频会议的诞生改变了之前人们习惯的沟通方式，让人与人之间交流与共同不再只能通过面对面、电话或者邮件等方式，而且完成了会议信息的远距离传输。但虽然视频会议可以提高人们的日常工作的便利性，但是传统的视频会议系统还是存在不足之处，比如数据与信息传输延迟、音频与视频画面无法同步性，视频画面清晰度不足等。伴随着信息技术的不断发展，视频会议系统也在其技术上有了一定程度的优化，由此产生了高清视频会议系统，其可以针对性解决原先视频会议系统中的问题。本研究基于此背景，针对高清视频会议系统与其关键技术，进行探讨与分析。

简介：摘要：我国信息技术的发展给各个行业领域带来了极大的方便，不仅提供了较为先进的信息技术，而且还带来了许多数字化和信息化产品，比如现代安防领域中所应用到的高清网络视频监控系统就是采用了这项技术。与传统模拟视频监控系统相比，实现了更加智能化的监控功能，可节约了大量的时间、人力、物力等。本文对视频监控系统在安防领域的应用进行了的研究和分析。

简介：摘要： 随着科技的不断发展，高清视频技术基本上已经得到普及，而公路的发展建设也将高清摄像技术融入其中，并形成了公路数字化监控系统。本文先阐述了常用视频信号标准、高清视频信号数字编码、视频存储和设备显示接口，然后又对高清视频技术在高速公路监控系统中的应用展开讨论，并提出个人见解。

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简介：AbstractObjective:Clinical practice guidelines can improve healthcare processes and patient outcomes; however, the quality of these guidelines varies greatly in China. The aim of this study was to construct a comprehensive instrument for the appraisal of clinical practice guidelines in China (AGREE-CHINA), and to validate its reliability as a tool for helping potential guideline users in assessing guideline quality.Methods:First, an interdisciplinary working group was established for developing the methods. They also created a checklist as a tool according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) standards, considering the particularity of Chinese clinical practice. Next, the first draft of AGREE-China was developed by vote, modification, preliminary trial, and cross-verification. To ensure the objectivity, credibility, and reproducibility of the draft assessment, all of the checklists and standards were cross-reviewed fairly widely. Finally, AGREE-CHINA and AGREE II were used to assess the Chinese guidelines published in the past five years, and the results were compared.Results:The presented AGREE-CHINA covered five main checkpoints (science and rigor, effectiveness and safety, economy, usability and feasibility, and conflicts of interest) with each point divided into several more specific checkpoints. Definitions and rationales for each main checkpoint appear in the Appendix. The quality ratings based on the total scores of AGREE-China and AGREE II were consistent (r = 0.508, P = 0.020). Compared with AGREE II, the study showed a higher level of interrater-reliability for AGREE-CHINA overall (ICC = 0.957, P < 0.001). The mean time required for AGREE-CHINA was less than that for AGREE II; this was approximately 30 minutes for every assessment. User satisfaction was generally high.Conclusions:This paper has presented the first edition of the AGREE-CHINA appraisal tool for clinical guidelines. It is quick and easy to use; it assesses and performs well in comparison to AGREE II. This first version of AGREE-CHINA will require further development and validation.

简介：AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the most deadly cancer in pediatric age group. In China, thousands of children are diagnosed with CNS tumors every year. Despite the improving socioeconomic status and availability of medical expertise within the country, unique challenges remain for the delivery of pediatric neuro-oncology service. In this review, we discuss the existing hurdles for improving the outcome of children with CNS tumors in China. Need for precise disease burden estimation, lack of intra- and inter-hospital collaborative networks, high probability of treatment abandonment, along with financial toxicities from treatment represent the key challenges that Chinese healthcare providers encounter. The tremendous opportunities for advancing the status of pediatric neuro-oncology care in and beyond the country are explored.

简介：摘要：随着高清电视机的普及，用户对于高清节目的需求迅速增长，高清互动点播系统的推出为用户提供了多样化的需求，也提升了广电网络的竞争力，近期济宁分公司的高清互动点播平台已经搭建完成，只要用户家中是双向线路，即可通过高清机顶盒点播视频节目及时移回看。高清互动点播系统包括一个核心节点和多个边缘节点，其中核心节点位于省公司，主要完成视频内容的存储、管理。

简介：【摘要】：本文针对火电厂工程中常用的数字和模拟闭路电视监控方案和监控设备进行了详细的论述和方案比较，综合考虑性能和投资，提出火电厂高清数字闭路电视监控方案，为数字化、智慧化火电厂的发展提供了有效的支撑。