简介：为了研究复杂地形下的太阳直接辐射规律,以北京市房山区黄院村采石场为典型代表区域,综合运用影像全站仪技术和ViewGIS3.0软件计算得到该区域的太阳直接辐射量,同时通过实地调查观测对直接辐射模型的精度进行检验（误差仅为4.1％）,并对坡度、坡向等地形因素对太阳直接辐射的影响进行研究.结果表明：1）各观测点的误差在一天当中都表现出了相同的变化趋势,即早晚误差大,中午相对较为平稳,且趋近于0,表明该模型在太阳高度角较大时,能更准确反映真实的太阳直接辐射值.2）阳坡直接辐射量随坡度的增大先增大后减小,临界点与太阳高度角余角基本一致;阴坡直接辐射量随坡度的增大而减小.3）不同季节太阳直接辐射量受坡向影响程度不同,冬季受坡向影响最大,秋季和春节次之,夏季最小.

简介：WemappedtheforestcoverofKhadimnagarNationalPark(KNP)ofSylhetForestDivisionandestimatedforestchangeoveraperiodof22years(1988-2010)usingLandsatTMimagesandotherGISdata.SupervisedclassificationandNormalizedDifferenceVegetationIndex(NDVI)imageclassificationapproacheswereappliedtotheimagestoproducethreecoverclasses,viz.denseforest,mediumdenseforest,andbareland.Thechangemapwasproducedbydifferencingclassifiedimageriesof1988and2010asbeforeimageandafterimage,respectively,inERDASIMAGINE.Errormatrixandkappastatisticswereusedtoassesstheaccuracyoftheproducedmaps.Overallmapaccuraciesresultingfromsupervisedclassificationof1988and2010imagerieswere84.6%(Kappa0.75)and87.5%(Kappa0.80),respectively.Forestcoverstatisticsresultingfromsupervisedclassificationshowedthatdenseforestandbarelanddeclinedfrom526ha(67%)to417ha(59%)and105ha(13%)to8ha(1%),respectively,whereasmediumdenseforestincreasedfrom155ha(20%)to317ha(40%).ForestcoverchangestatisticsderivedfromNDVIclassificationshowedthatdenseforestdeclinedfrom525ha(67%)to421ha(54%)whilemediumdenseforestincreasedfrom253ha(32%)to356ha(45%).BothsupervisedandNDVIclassificationapproachesshowedsimilartrendsofforestchange,i.e.decreaseofdenseforestandincreaseofmediumdenseforest,whichindicatesdenseforesthasbeenconvertedtomediumdenseforest.Areaofbarelandwasunchanged.Illicitfelling,encroachment,andsettlementnearforestscausedthedenseforestdeclinewhileshortandlongrotationplantationsraisedinvariousyearscausedtheincreaseinareaofmediumdenseforest.ProtectivemeasuresshouldbeundertakentocheckfurtherdegradationofforestatKNP.