简介：TheSelf-SimilarCrackExpansion(SSCE)methodisproposedtoevaluatestressintensi-tyfactorsatcracktips,wherebystressintensityfactorsofacrackcanbedeterminedbythecrackopeningdisplacementoverthecrack,notjustbythelocaldisplacementaroundthecracktip.Thecrackexpansionrateisestimatedbytakingadvantageofthecrackself-similarity.Therefore,theaccuracyofthecalculationisimproved.Thesingularintegralsoncracktipelementsarealsoanalyzedandarepre-ciselyevaluatedintermsofaspecialintegralanalysis.Combinationofthesetwotechniquesgreatlyin-creasestheaccuracyinestimatingthestressdistributionaroundthecracktip.Avarietyoftwo-dimen-sionalcracks,suchassubsurfacecracks,edgecracks,andtheirinteractionsarecalculatedintermsoftheself-similarexpansionrate.Solutionsaresatisfiedwitherrorslessthan0.5%ascomparedwiththeanalyticalsolutions.Basedonthecalculationsofthecrackinteractions,atheoryforcrackinteractionsisproposedsuchthatforagroupofalignedcracksthesummationofthesquareofSIFsattherighttipsofcracksisalwaysequaltothatatthelefttipsofcracks.ThistheorywasprovedbythemehtodofSelf-SimilarCrackExpansioninthispaper.

简介：NuclearfactorkappaB(NF-κB)isoneofthebest-characterizedtranscriptionfactorsplayingimportantrolesinmanycellularresponsestoalargevarietyofstimuli,includinginflammatorycytokines,phorbolesters,growthfactors,andbacterialandviralproducts.TheaimofthisstudyistodemonstrateNF-κBexpressioninthemousecochleaanditsenhancementinresponsetolipopolysaccharides(LPS)andkanamycin(KA)treatment.MethodsKAtreatmentconsistedofsubcutaneousKAinjectionsat700mg/kgtwiceadaywithaneight-hourintervalbetweenthetwoinjectionsfor3or7days.ForanimalsintheLPStreatmentgroup,asingledoseof0.3mgLPSdissolvedin0.2mlsterilesalinewereinjectedintobothbullaethroughthetympanicmembraneandkepttherefor3hours.Animalsinthecontrolgroupreceivedsubcutaneoussalineinjectionfor7days.Followingimmmunohistochemichalprocessingwithrabbitpolyclonalanti-NF-κBp65antibodies,cryosectionsofthecochleawereexaminedforexpressionofNF-κBp65invariousstructuresinthecochlea.ResultsNF-κBp65expression,identifiedbypresenceofbrownreactionproductscharacteristicofDABimmunohistochemistry,wasvisibleinthespiralligament,spiralprominence,tectorialmembrane(TM),spiralganglionandnervefibers.RelativelyweakNF-κBp65expressionwasalsovisualizedintheorganofCorti.WithintheorganofCorti,theinnerhaircells(IHC),outerhaircells(OHC),innerpillarcells(IP),outerpillarcells(OP),Deiter'scells(DC),andBoettcher'scellsexhibitedstrongerstainingthantheinnersulcuscells,Hensen'scells(HC)andClaudius'cells.NoNF-κBp65expressionwasseeninthenucleusoftheIHCandOHC.NF-κBp65expressionwasincreasedinanimalsexposedtoLPSorKA,demonstratingsignificantdifferencesinthestainingbetweencontrolanimalsandLPS/KA-treatedanimals.NF-κBp65expressionwasnotsignificantlydifferentbetweenLPStreatedandKAtreatedanimalsorbetween3and7daysinKA-treatedanimals.Conclusio

简介：巨噬细胞在免疫和动态平衡起一个重要作用。在经由特定的受体的病原体识别之上，他们很快导致煽动性的回答。这个过程紧在transcriptional水平被控制。DNA有约束力的锌手指蛋白质CCCTC有约束力的因素(Ctcf)是远程的染色质相互作用的一个关键管理者并且协调在抄写因素和基因表达式进程之间的特定的通讯。在这研究，Ctcf基因被使用转基因的Cre-LoxP系统明确地在myeloid房间删除。在myeloid房间的Ctcf基因的有条件的删除在vivo导致了温和显型。显著地展出的Ctcf缺乏的老鼠减少了主要histocompatibility的表示在肝的建筑群(MHC)班II。Ctcf缺乏的巨噬细胞表明了正常表面显型和吞噬作用能力。在像使用费的受体(TLR)之上刺激，他们生产了支持inflammatorycytokinesIL-12和IL-6的正常层次，但是表明了一个强烈损害的能力生产肿瘤坏死因素(TNF)和IL-10，以及表示IL-10家庭成员IL-19，IL-20和IL-24。一起拿，我们的数据表明涉及巨噬细胞功能调整的Ctcf的一个角色。

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简介：T盒子抄写因素T赌注(Tbx21)作为类型1-like免疫的一个关键管理者出现了，起在在T和B淋巴细胞，以及树枝状的房间和自然漂亮房间的受动器房间命运的建立或维护的关键作用。几自体免疫的疾病，特别古典主义地与T助手1有关考虑的那些(Th1)免疫，看起来要求T赌注，至少是在老鼠模型判定了。这评论在autoimmunity在免疫，以及它的重要性总结T-bet的角色的当前的理解，与为治疗学的干预的含意。

简介：TheSCIimpactfactorofJournalofNaturalGasChemistry(JNGC)is1.788,accordingtothe'2013JournalCitationReports(JCR)ScienceEdition'.ThisisthehighestSCIimpactfactorforJournalofNaturalGasChemistrysincethejournalwasincludedintheScienceCitationIndexExpanded(SCIE)in2007,anditranksfirstamongchemistryjournalsinChina.Overthepastdecade,theJournalofNaturalGasChemistryhasbecomemoreandmoreinternationalandhasreceivedlargenumbersofmanuscriptsconcerningenergychemistry.Indeed,nowadaysenergychemistryisbecomingoneofthehottopics.

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简介：Transforminggrowthfactor-β(TGF-β)isakeyfactorincancerdevelopmentandprogression.TGF-βcansuppresstumorigenesisbyinhibitingcellcycleprogressionandstimulatingapoptosisinearlystagesofcancerprogression.However,TGF-βcanmodulatecancer-relatedprocesses,suchascellinvasion,distantmetastasis,andmicroenvironmentmodificationthatmaybeusedbycancercellstotheiradvantageinlatestages.Correspondingmechanismsincludeangiogenesispromotion,anti-tumorimmunitysuppression,andepithelial-to-mesenchymaltransition(EMT)induction.ThecorrelationbetweenTGF-βexpressionandcancerprognosishasalsobeenextensivelyinvestigated.ResultssuggestthatTGF-βpathwaycanbetargetedtotreatcancer;assuch,thefeasibilityofthistreatmentisinvestigatedinclinicaltrials.

简介：近似顺序什么时候是一个简单方法被给简洁地构造的一个奇怪的积极整数，与膨胀因素3支持了直角的对称的复杂可伸缩功能。二相应直角的小浪，一个人是对称的，其它关于起源是反对称的，明确地被构造。另外，当近似顺序是一个平整数时2，我们也给一个方法简洁地构造支持的直角的对称的建筑群小浪。最后，有几个例子，说明相应结果。

简介：Acoupledmodel,whichisemployedtostudythedominatingfactorandkeyareaofElNinocycleformation,consistsofadynamicaloceanmodelandastatisticalatmosphericmodel.ThecoupledmodelwithseasonalforcingsuccessfullyreproducestheElNinoeventcyclewhichexhibitsquasi-regularoscillationswithapreferredperiodofabout4years.Theresultsshowthattheheatcontent(HC)istransportedbetweentheeasternandthewesterntropicalPacificareas.ThespatialdistributionofHCanomaliesforfourphasesofthewholecycleclearlyshowsapossibleformationmechanismofElNino.ExperimentsfurthersuggestthatseasurfacetemperatureinthetropicalPacificandHCinthecentraltropicalPacificarethemostimportantfactorsandthecentraltropicalPacificisthemostimportantareafordeterminingformationofElNinocycle.

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简介：Ovariancanceristhesecondmostlethalgynecologicalcancerworldwideandwhilemostpatientsrespondtoinitialtherapy,theyoftenrelapsewithresistantdisease.Humanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptors(especiallyHER1/EGFRandHER2/ERBB2)areinvolvedindiseaseprogression;hence,strategiestoinhibittheiractioncouldproveadvantageousinovariancancerpatients,especiallyinpatientsresistanttofirstlinetherapy.Monoclonalantibodiesandtyrosinekinaseinhibitorsaretwoclassesofdrugsthatactonthesereceptors.Theyhavedemonstratedvaluableantitumoractivityinmultiplecancersandtheirpossibleuseinovariancancercontinuestobestudied.Inthisreview,wediscussthehumanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptorfamily;reviewemergingclinicalstudiesonmonoclonalantibodiesandtyrosinekinaseinhibitorstargetingthesereceptorsinovariancancerpatients;andproposefutureresearchpossibilitiesinthisarea.

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简介：Osteoblastsofratculturedinvitrowerestimulatedwithpulsed50Hzelectromagneticfieldandbasicfibroblastgrowthfactor(bFGF).TheMTTmethod,flowcytometryandhistochemistrystainingwereusedtodetectcellproliferation,cellcycleandalkalinephosphatase.Theresultsindicated:afterstimulatedby1mTelectromagneticfield,thecellsaremoreabundant,havemoreSphasepercentages,2mTelectromagneticfieldhavenoevidenteffectoncells'growth;comparedwithelectromagneticfield,thecellsstimulatedbybFGFaremoreabundantandhavelargerSphaseratios.ElectromagneticfieldandbFGFhavenoeffectoncells,alkalinephosphatase.Therefore,weconcludedthatelectromagneticfieldcanenhanceosteoblastsgrowthlikesomegrowthfactorsuchasbasicfibroblastgrowthfactor,andtheosteoblasts',characteristicswasnotchanged.

简介：Inthepost-genomicera,identificationofspecificregulatorymotifsortranscrip-tionfactorbindingsites(TFBSs)innon-codingDNAsequences,whichisessentialtoelucidatetranscriptionalregulatorynetworks,hasemergedasanobstaclethatfrustratesmanyresearchers.Consequently,numerousmotifdiscoverytoolsandcorrelateddatabaseshavebeenappliedtosolvingthisproblem.However,theseexistingmethods,basedondifferentcomputationalalgorithms,showdiversemotifpredictionefficiencyinnon-codingDNAsequences.Therefore,understandingthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofcomputationalalgorithmsandenrichingthemotifdiscoveryliteraturesareimportantforuserstochoosethemostappropriateoneamongtheonlineavailabletools.Moreover,therestilllackscrediblecriteriontoassessmotifdiscoverytoolsandinstructionsforresearcherstochoosethebestaccordingtotheirownprojects.Thusintegrationoftherelatedresourcesmightbeagoodapproachtoimproveaccuracyoftheapplication.Recentstudiesintegrateregulatorymotifdiscoverytoolswithexperimentalmethodstoofferacomplemen-taryapproachforresearchers,andalsoprovideamuch-neededmodelforcurrentresearchesontranscriptionalregulatorynetworks.HerewepresentacomparativeanalysisofregulatorymotifdiscoverytoolsforTFBSs.

简介：在细胞的增长和内长的脉管的endothelial生长因素(VEGF)上调查melatonin的效果的目的在胰腺的癌房间(PANC-1)的表示。方法PANC-1房间为这研究是有教养的。在文化媒介的分泌VEGF集中用ELISA方法被决定，在肿瘤房间的VEGF生产被immunocytochemistry，和VEGFmRNA表示检测被RT-PCR决定。更高结果melatonin集中显著地禁止了细胞的增长，与展出最高禁止的效果的1mmol/L集中(P<0.01)。在房间文化上层清液和intra小房的VEGF集中都显著地在melatonin(1mmol/L)以后被减少孵化(P<0.05)。VEGFmRNA表示在观察时期期间以一种时间依赖者方式显著地减少了(P<0.05)。结论高melatonin集中显著地禁止了胰腺的癌房间的增长。内长的VEGF表示被melatonin孵化也压制。

简介：TheflowofrurallabortourbanisasignificantphenomenoninChinaduringthelast20years.Inspiteofmanyresearchesfocusonthedrivingforceofeconomy,terrainisanimportantindexintheruraldevelopment.Thereisaquestionthatwhethertheflowofrurallaborhassomerelationshipswithterrain.Thestudyusedthereliefdegreeoflandsurface(RDLS)asterrainindex,andthecostdistancemodelandthecenterofgravitymodeltoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenterrainandlaborflows.Theresultsindicated:(1)Inthelast20years,therurallaborforcewasnotsimplyflowingtothelowterrainregioninShaanxiprovince.AndtheRDLSwasconstantlystrengtheningtheinfluenceonthemovement.(2)TheRDLSwaslowinGuanzhongregion,andthetranslationofrurallaborsrelativelywasnotsignificant.SinceNorthShaanxiactastheenergyindustrybase,thenumberofrurallaborsthereincreasedfasterthaninSouthShaanxi.(3)Themovementsofeconomicalcenterstookanimportantroleinthechangeofrurallaborcenters,andterrainfactorsalsoshowedahighcorrelationwiththem.Itisfoundthattheloweroftheterrainindex,thehigherofthelandintensivedegree,themoreintensiveofnonagriculturalizationprocess.

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简介：Brownian运动和泊松过程(BDSDEP)在随机的时间间隔上与non-Lipschitz系数驾驶的向后的二倍地随机的微分方程被学习。为quasilinear的一个类的答案的概率的解释随机的部分微分积分的方程(SPDIE)与BDSDEP被对待。在non-Lipschitz条件下面，BDSDEP的可测量的答案的存在和唯一结果经由变光滑的技术被建立。然后，为BDSDEP的答案的连续依赖被导出。最后，为quasilinearSPDIE的一个班的答案的概率的解释被给。