简介:买书读书常使我囊空如洗。记得从汉源书店买来的最后一本书是《我的死了的生活的回忆》,其作者是生于1852年,死于1933年的英国唯美作家乔治·莫尔先生。有几天我曾企图像乔治·莫尔一样,专心写自己记忆中的事情,结果给房东一次次催讨房钱搅得心烦意乱,才写了半页纸就搁笔作罢。像以往的求职经历一样,总是在找过第三个或第四个单位之后,才有人斜眼看我一下。这回斜眼看我的是一个胡子拉碴的安徽人。他坐在办公桌上跟我说
简介: 文学是人学.这是人类生成文明以来文学最初的起点,也是其最终的归宿.文学的传统是非常丰富的,文学与人类相始终. 但在市场经济深入发展的今天,文学已经成为一个问题.文学从挑战解构权力开始,到献媚于市场,最后依附于资本、权力,最终以感性权力的名义重构了人民大众的文学视野.……
简介:AIM:Toevaluatethelong-termresultsandcomplicationsofahmedglaucomavalve(AGV)implantationinrefractoryglaucoma.·METHODS:Aretrospectivereviewof13patients(13eyes)withrefractoryglaucomawhounderwentAGVimplantationandhadaminimumfollow-upof18monthswasperformed.Allpatientsunderwentacompleteophthalmologicexaminationandintraocularpressure(IOP)measurementbeforesurgeryandat1month,3months,6months,1yearaftersurgeryandyearlyafterwards.Complicationsandthenumberofantiglaucomamedicationsneededwererecorded.·RESULTS:Meanagewas27.3±16.0years.Alleyes(100%)hadatleastonepriorincisionalsurgery.Meanfollow-upwas61.3±30.8months.IOPwasreducedfromameanof35.0±7.0mmHgto18.2±7.9mmHgat12monthsandto17.0±4.1mmHgat96months(P<0.05)withalowernumberofmedicationsfrombaseline,76.9%patientsrequiredadditionalprocedurestoachievethesuccesscriteriasetbypreviouslypublishedseries.Themostcommoncomplicationswereencapculatedcystformationineighteyes(61.5%)andtubeexposureinfoureyes(30.8%).·CONCLUSION:EncapsulatedcystformationwasthemostcommoncomplicationwhichhinderedsuccesfulIOPcontrolafterAGVimplantinsertionforrefractoryglaucoma.Despitecystexcisionwithanti-fibroticagents,successfulIOPreductionwasnotachievedin76.9%ofthepatientswithoutantiglaucomamedication.
简介:AIM:Todeterminetheproliferativepotentialandthemaintenanceofstemcellactivityinstoredhumanlimbaltissues,andcorrelatethiswiththepreservationtime,cellviabilityandtheexpressionofstemcellmarkers.METHODS:Thirtylimbalrimsweresplitinto4partsandstoredincornealpreservationmediumat4℃for0,1,4,or7days.ThelimbalstemcellandmitoticmarkersP63,CK19,proliferatingcellnuclearantigen(PCNA),andKi67weredeterminedbyimmunohistochemicalstaining.Theproliferativepotentialoflimbalepithelialcellswasassessedbycellviability,theabilityofgeneratingstratifiedepithelium,andcolonyformingassay.RESULTS:Thestoredtissuesmaintainedlimbalstratifiedstructureto7daysandexhibitedcomparableexpressionlevelofstemcellandmitoticmarkers.Theproportionofviablecellsdecreasedwiththeprolongedpreservationtime,whilecolonyformingefficiencydecreasedfromthe1stdayanddisappearedatthe4thday.Wheninoculatedonamnioticmembrane,thecellspreservedfor1dayformedastratifiedepithelium,whilethecellsfrom4days’preservationformedadiscontinuouslayer.CONCLUSION:Thecolonyformingefficiencyoflimbalepithelialstem/progenitorcellsdecreasedrapidlywiththeincreasingpreservationtime,whiletheexpressionlevelofmarkersandcapacityofformingepithelialmonolayeronamnioticmembranedecreasedgradually.Thelimbalepithelialstemcellslosttheirfunctionearlierthanthelostexpressionlevelofstemcellmarkers.Thismayhelpustobetterchoosetheappropriatepreservationgraftsforfuturelimbalstemcelltransplantation.
简介:黄河盆为它的高沉积收益是众所周知的。然而,自从1980年代,这沉积收益清楚地减少了,特别在2000年以后。年度平均沉积收益是在2000前的12亿吨,但是显著地在最后10年减少了到3亿吨。在为黄河的分泌物和沉积产量的变化吸引了中央政府和本地社区的注意。这研究试图在降水和人的活动识别变化的单个贡献(例如水管理工程,terracing,淤泥水坝,社会经济并且需要,并且土壤和水保存在分泌物和黄河的沉积产量测量到减少。使用的学习两个都改进了水文学方法和水保存方法。学习为河的中间的活动范围为上面的活动范围和沉积的调查集中了于分泌物分析。结果证明分泌物和沉积产量两个都在过去的50年介绍了重要减少的趋势。降水在一样的时期上显示出一个不足道的减少趋势。年度平均分泌物从2000~2012在黄河的Lanzhou活动范围上面由56.8亿m3减少了;人的活动(例如社会经济的水使用),贡献了43.4%全部的减小自然因素(例如来自湖,沼泽地和水库的蒸发)占了56.6%。在年度分泌物和在Hekouzhen车站和Tongguan车站之间的节的沉积产量的减少分别地是124亿m3和12.4亿吨。分别地,人的活动在分泌物和沉积产量贡献了76.5%全部的减小和72.2%并且因此是在在分泌物和黄河的沉积产量的变化的主导的因素。
简介:AIM:Toinvestigatethetreatmentstatusandprognosisofspace-occupyinglacrimalglandlesionsatonetertiaryeyecenterinChina.·METHODS:Aretrospectiveclinicalstudywasperformedon95patientswithspace-occupyinglesionsofthelacrimalglandsurgicallytreatedattheEye&ENTHospitalofFudanUniversityfrom2003to2007.Thereviewedclinicaldataincludedage,gender,sideofthelesion,durationofsignsandsymptoms,histopathologicaldiagnosis,treatmentmodality,recurrence(local,regional,anddistantmetastasis)andsurvival.·RESULTS:Ofthe95cases(99eyes),pleomorphicadenomaswerethemostcommonlesions(43cases),followedbylymphoiddisorders(14),inflammatorypseudotumors(11),carcinomaex-pleomorphicadenomas(11),andadenoidcysticcarcinomas(ACC,6).Therewere8patientswithrelapsedpleomorphicadenomas.Fiveofthese8caseshadmalignantpathologicalchanges.AllpatientswithACChadmetastasisandthreeofthemdiedduringtheirfollow-up.·CONCLUSION:Ourstudyindicatedthatthemostcommonlacrimalglandlesionswerepleomorphicadenomas.Multiplerecurrenceandsurgicalproceduresmayincreasetheriskoftumorprogression.ACChadahighincidenceoftumormetastasisandapoorprognosis.
简介:AIM:Toinvestigatethespecialtyoftranscranialsurgerythroughpterionalapproachforremovalofcranio-orbitaltumors,introducetheophthalmologicalexperiencesofenteringtheorbittoreducetheincidencerateofassociatedcomplicationsofthisoperation.·METHODS:Weperformedaretrospectiveanalysisofaseriesof37casesinvolvingpatientswhounderwenttranscranialsurgerythroughpterionalapproachfortreatmentofcranio-orbitaltumorsinourdepartmentinthepast8years.Pterionapproachcraniotomywasperformedtoallpatients.Afterremovingtumorsintheskullbytheneurosurgeon,ophthalmologistremovedtumorsinorbit.Wetookmeasuresbelowtodecreasecomplications,includinggroundingopticcanalthroughanabrasivedrillingwhennecessary,hangingvariousextraocularmusclestobeexposedforprotection,refrigeratingbyrefrigerationheadstoremovetumors,atlastsewinguporbitseptumaftersurgery.·RESULTS:Tumorswereremovedcompletelyin32cases,andincompletein5casesduetoextensiveinvasionintothecavernoussinusorsphenoidsinus.Ofallthecases,benigntumorsweredemonstratedin28cases(75.6%,28/37)andmalignantin9(24.3%,9/37).Themostcommonlesiontypewasmeningiomain11cases(29.7%,11/37).Extraocularmuscles(EOM)impairment,occurringin21cases(56.7%,21/37),wasthemostfrequentpostoperativecomplication.Themostseriousconsequencewasvisionlossoccurredin4cases(10.8%,4/37).Othercomplications,suchas11casesoftransientblepharoptosis29.7%(11/37),5casesofmydriasisin13.5%(5/7);2casesofcerebrospinalrhinorrheain5.4%(2/37).·CONCLUSION:Cranio-orbitaltumorscanberemovedcompletelyusingtranscranialapproach,andthepterionalapproachoffersexcellentexposure.Cooperationofinterdisciplinaryteamofneurosurgeonsandophthalmologistsconducestofulluseofrespectiveprofessionaladvantages.Theexperienceofophthalmicoperationtechnologycandecreaseoccurrenceofocularcomplicationsaftersurger