简介:摘要乳腺癌是高度异质性疾病,即使临床分期及病理分级相同的患者,对治疗的反应和预后可能会大不相同。可能有相当比例的早期乳腺癌患者在没有明显获益的情况下,接受了不必要的辅助治疗。应用高通量基因测序分析技术,通过对特定"靶基因群"表达水平的检测,来提供更准确的预后信息,为选择治疗方案提供参考,是肿瘤精准治疗的重要研究方向。目前,已经研发出多个乳腺癌基因检测系统。其中,较有影响力、潜在价值较高且获美国FDA批准的2个多基因检测系统分别是Oncotype DX基因检测系统和MammaPrint基因检测系统。笔者详细地介绍了MammaPrint基因检测系统的开发、回顾性验证及大型前瞻性临床试验MINDACT研究,并对该系统的成本效益进行了分析。
简介:摘要凋亡蛋白酶活化因子1相互作用蛋白(apaf-1 interacting protein,APIP)可抑制凋亡蛋白酶活化因子1(apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1,Apaf-1)依赖性和非依赖性细胞凋亡。此外,APIP作为蛋氨酸补救途径(methionine salvage pathway)中的关键酶可通过抑制caspase1的活性抑制细胞焦亡。新的研究发现,APIP对心肌梗死具有保护作用,同时,其在肿瘤的发生、发展及治疗中也发挥一定作用。现就APIP的结构、功能、作用机制及其在疾病中的作用进行总结,以期为APIP相关疾病发病机制的认识及治疗提供新的理论依据。
简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.