简介:Objective:AllelicpolymorphismsofCCR5△32、CCR2b-64I,CX3CR1-249I280MandSDF1-3’AassociatedwithHIV-1infectionanddiseaseprogressionwereinvestigatedinindigenousUygurpopulationsfromtheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionofChina.Mithods:Thestudypopulationcomprised316healthyUygursubjectswithanagerangeof1-80yearsold,fromwhomwholeperipheralbloodsampleswerecollectedandnonewereHIV-1seropositive.GenomicDNAsampleswerepurifiedusingaQiagenBloodKit.GenotypingoftheaforementionedfouralleleswasperformedusingPCRorPCR/RFLPassay,andfurtherconfirmedbydirectDNAsequencing.Results:TheallelicfrequenciesinChineseUygurpopulationwereasfollows:3.48%forCCR5△32;19.45%forCCR2b-64I;13.8%forCX3CRI-249I280Mhaplotype,and20.41%forSDFI-3’A.MutantalleledistributionsamongUygurpopulationswereinaccordancewiththeHardy-Weinbergequilibrium.NostatisticaldifferencewasfoundbetweenthefrequencyofthethreeHIVcoreceptorsandtheirrespectiveligandgenes.Conclusion:ThefrequencyofSDF1-3’AandCX3CR1-249I280MhaplotypemorecloselymatchedthehanChinese.ThefequencyofCCR5△32inUygurpopulationswasbetweenCaucasianandHanfrequencies,themorecloselymatchingthefrequencyinMedi-Asiapeople.NogeneticlinkagebetweenanytwoofthethreeHIVcoreceptorgeneswasfound,butobviousgeneticlinkagesexistedbetweenCX3CR1-249IandCX3CR1-280M,withevenhigherlinkagedegreesthanCaucasianpeople.
简介:近日,信息产业部以“信部科(2000)453号”文和“信部科(2000)282号”文发布了“光波分复用系统(WDM)技术要求-32x2.5Gb/S部分”、“同步数字体系(SDH)上传送IP的LAPS技术要求”、“交换机ISDN用户接口在线测试功能”、“接入网技术要求-综合数字环路载波(IDLC)”和“接入网设备测试方法-带话音分离器的不对称数字用户线(ADSL)”等5项通信行业标准。现简要介绍如下:1.“光波分复用系统(WDM)技术要求-32x2.5Gb/s部分”标准的编号为YD/T1060—2000。该标准规定了32x2.5Gb/s的WDM系统的技术要求,针对采用共享掺饵光纤放大器EDFA技术和光纤1550nm窗口的密集波分复用系统。它的目标是将来提供不同系统间的横向兼容性,目前则只能达到部分横向兼容目的。本标准给出的某些具体参数针对32通路WDM系统,如波长区划分、光接口参数等,本标准中有关光放大器和主光通道的参数适用于单方向使用增益范围为192.1THz-196.1THz的光放大器的WDM系统。本标准规范的是点到点线性WDM系统和在OADM应用于线性结构的要求,不考虑OADM设备在环网...
简介:总公司科技局:国家技术监督局已于1993年11月发布了新国家标准GB/T1.1—1993《标准化工作导则第1单元:标准的起草与表述规则第1部分标准编写的基本规定》,并已于1995年1月1日起实施,同时代替原国家标准GB1.1—87《标准化工作导则标准编写的基本规定》。该标准是重要的基础标准,它适用于我国各级标准的编写。它的颁布是发展我国社会主义市场经济的需要,是我国标准化工作与国际市场接轨的需要。为贯彻执行好该项新国家标准,国家技术监督局先后发出了技监标函(1994)018号,(1994)061号文。为使我总公司标准化工作适应市场经济发展的需要,并在更大程度上与国际接轨,同时使各级标准编写格式统一。从明年起,凡我总公司内编写的各级标准,均应按GB/T1.1—1993规定执行。为避免过渡期中出现混乱,现对有关问题提出如下意见:
简介:Objective:Theaiminthisstudywastoidentifytheallelicfrequenciesofthechemokine(SDF1-3'A)andchemokinereceptor(CCR5△32,CCR5m303andCCR2-64I)genesresistanttoHIV-1infectionand/ordiseaseprogressioninindigenousChinesepopulations.Methods:ByusingQIAampDNABloodMiniKit,thegenomicDNAsampleswerepurifiedfromwholeperipheralbloodofhealthyindividuals(n=2067)fromHan,Uygur,MongolianandTibetanethnicgroups,aswellasHanpatientsincludingHIV-1carriers(n=330),patientswithothersexuallytransmitteddiseases(STDs,n=259)andintravenousdrugusers(IVDUs,n=125).TheallelicpolymorphismswereidentifiedbymeansofPCRorPCR-RFLPanalyses.ThesequencesofrandomlyselectedamplifiedPCRproductswerefurtherconfirmedbydirectDNAsequencing.Results:Themutantfrequencieswereidentifiedtobe0%-3.48%forCCR5△32,0%forCCR5m303,19.15%-28.79%forCCR2-64and19.10%-28.73%forSDF1-3'Aalleles,respectively,inChinesehealthyindividualsfromfourethnicgroups.Ourfindingsindicatedtheallelicfrequenciesvaryamongthedifferentethnicgroups.Furthermore,theHIV-1carriers,STDcasesandIVDUs(allofHanethnicity)werefoundtohavetheallelicfrequenciesof0%-0.19%(CCR5A32),0%(CCR5m303),19.31%-20.45%(CCR2-64)and25.61%-26.83%(SDF1-3'A)withminorvariationsintheirfrequenciesbetweenthepatientsandhealthyHangroups.TherewasnoCCR5-m303mutationfoundinanysubjectinthisstudy.Conclusion:TheexaminedsubjectsoffourChineseethnicoriginsshowedlowerfrequenciesofCCR5A32andCCR5m303alleles,buthigherfrequenciesofmutantCCR264IandSDF1-3'Aallelescomparedtothoseidentifiedinnorthern-EuropeanandAmericanCaucasians.ThesignificanceofthedifferentfrequenciesandpolymorphismsoftheaboveallelesinChinesepopulationsneedstobefurtherexaminedinHIV-1/AIDSdiseases.
简介:ExposureofnaivemurineCD4^+TlymphocytestosuperantigensuchasstaphylococcalenterotoxinB(SEB)inducesastrongproliferativeresponse.ProlongedexposureorsubsequentrestimulationoftherespondingTcellpopulationwithSEBleadstotheapoptoticeventsofactivation-inducedcelldeath(AICD).ThesignalingmechanismresponsiblefortheAICDisatargetofintensiveinvestigation.However,theprecisedownstreamsignahngpathwaysofSEB-inducedAICDremainsunclear.Ourresultshereshowthatthesequentialactivationofcaspase-1/ICE-hkeandcaspase-3/CPP32-hkecysteineproteasesprobablyplaysaroleinthesignalingtransductionofSEB-inducedAICD,butcaspase-3/CPP32-hkeproteasesactivationdoesnotdependoncaspase-1-likeproteasesactivation.HerbimycinA,aspecificinhibitorofproteintyresinekinases,inhibitcaspase-3/CPP32-1ikecysteineproteasesactivation.However,itdoesnotpreventDNAfragmentationofCD4^+TcellsapoptosisinducedbySEB.TheseresultsindicatethatproteintyrosinekinasespathwayisprobablyinvolvedinthesignalingtransductionofCD4^+TcellsapoptosisinducedbySEBand“crosstalks”withthepathwayofcaspase-3/CPP32-1ikeproteasesactivation.
简介:埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆(ElinorEstrom),美国印第安纳大学ArthurF.Bentley政治科学讲座教授、政治理论与政策分析中心主任,曾担任美国政治学会主席,美国公共选择学会会长。1999年,她因“在集体行动和理性选择领域中卓越的经验与理论分析成果”而获得JohanSkytte政治学大奖,成为该奖项历史上惟一的女性获得者。