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简介：AbstractWith the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the importance of vaccines in epidemic prevention and public health has become even more obvious than ever. However, the emergence of multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants worldwide has raised concerns about the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we review the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in five platforms and the latest clinical trial results of them. In addition, we further discuss future directions for the research and development of the next generation of COVID-19 vaccines. We also summarize the serious adverse events reported recently after the large-scale vaccination with the current COVID-19 vaccines, including the thromboembolism caused by the AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson vaccines.

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简介：AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract accommodates an entire micro-environment for divergent physiologic processes, the dysbiosis of this micro-ecology has a strong inter-action with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the past few years, with the advances in the understanding of microbiome, its metabolites and further application of next generation sequencing, analysis of dynamic alteration of gut micro-environment was realized, which provides numerous information beyond simple microbiota structure or metabolites differences under chronic colitis status. The subsequent intervention strategies targeting the modulation of intestinal micro-environment have been explored as a potential therapy. In this review, we will summarize the recent knowledge about multi-dimensional dysbiosis, the inter-action between fungus and bacteria under inflamed mucosa, and the clinical application of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising therapeutic approach in IBD.

简介：ToexploretherelationbetweenserumbilinabinandeoronaryheartdiseaseMethodsComparethelevelofserumbilinabinamongpatientswitheoronaryheartdisease,patientswithotherdiseaseandnormalpersons.ResultsThelevelofserumbilinabinofpatientswithcoronaryheartdiseaseishigherthanthatofnormalpersons.ConclusionThereductionofdensityofserumbihrubinisoneoftheindependentriskfactorsofcoronaryheartdisease.

简介：Thispaperdealsmainlywithetiology,pathology,sympotomatology,harmfulness,preventivemeasuresandtreatmentoflarvalmycosis(causedbyLagenidiumsp.)andofciliatedisease(causedbyZoothamniumsp.)ofpenaeidshrimplarvae.

简介：Background:Thehospitalizationburdenofcongenitalheartdisease(CHD)atthenationalorregionallevelinChinaremainsunknown.WeaimedtoevaluatetherecentpatientcharacteristicsandtemporaltrendsofhospitalizationsforCHDinBeijing.Methods:PatientshospitalizedforCHDinBeijingfrom2007to2011wereidentifiedfromtheHospitalDischargeInformationSystem.Patientcharacteristicswererecorded,andtrendsinhospitalizationrateswereanalyzedbyPoissonregressionafteradjustmentforageandsex.Results:Atotalof53,064patientswereadmittedforCHDinBeijingduringthestudyperiod,amongwhom50.5%werechildrenyoungerthan5years,30.0%wereadults,18.5%hadsevereCHD,86.9%werenonpermanentBeijingresidents,and81.3%wereadmittedtocardiac-specifictertiaryhospitals.Thehospitalizationrateincreasedfrom10.2per100,000populationin2007to12.4per100,000populationin2011,representingasignificantincreaseafteradjustmentforageandsex(P=0.009).However,thetrendsvariedindifferentgroups.Therateshalvedin2011forbothnonsevereCHDandsevereCHDcomparedwiththeratesin2010,whereasincreasingtrendswerenoticedinchildrenaged1–4yearsandadultsfornonsevereCHDacrossthestudyperiod.Conclusions:TheoverallrateofCHDhospitalizationhasbeenincreasinginBeijing,whereasnotallpatientgroupshavethesametrend.Thehospitalizationratedecreasedamonginfants,whiletheratefornonsevereCHDincreasedsignificantlyamongadults.Thesefindingswillbeofimportanceforfutureallocationofhealthresources.

简介：CLINICALMATERIALSThepatientwas7year-oldboy,bodyweight20kg.HewasadmittedonMay10th,2002becauseoffever,rashes,enlargedlymphnodes,conjunctivaeinjection,strawberrytongue,edemaanderythemaofthehandsandfeet.Laboratorydataasfollow:1.Prominentincreaseinwhitebloodcell(WBC)14.3-22.7×109.2.Anemia,hemoglobin(Hb)121→103g/L.

简介：目的：研究针刺对中风偏瘫痉挛状态的影响。方法：采用修改的Ashworth痉挛评定级、Brunnstrom分级、Barthel日常生活能力（ActivitiesofDailyLiving，ADL）指数分别评定痉挛程度、运动功能水平、日常生活能力，观察头针、体针联合应用对中风后偏瘫患者痉挛状态的影响。结果：头针、体针联合应用对痉挛状态的改善，对运动功能水平及日常生活能力的影响均优于单纯体针治疗（P〈0．01）。结论：头针、体针联合应用在改善痉挛状态方面有独特的优势，可提高患者的运动功能水平及日常生活能力。

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简介：Toinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenthechronotropicincompetenceandangiographicseverityofcoronaryarterydisease,andtheclinicalvalueofinappropriatechronotropicresponsesinexercise.MethodsCoronaryangiographywasperformedin130patientssuspectedordiagnosedascoronaryheartdisease(CHD),andangiographicseverityofcoronaryarterydiseasewasquantitatedbyDukescoreandGensiniscore.Thepatientsweredividedinto4groups:non-CHDgroup(39cases),CHDgroupwithonlyonecoronaryarteryinvolved(CHD1,30cases),CHDgroupwithtwocoronaryarteriesinvolved(CHD2,31cases)andCHDgroupwiththreecoronaryarteriesinvolved(CHD3group,30cases).Amonthbeforecoronaryangiography,symptom-limitedbicycleergometorexercisehadbeenaccomplished,thechronotropicresponsehadbeenmeasuredandexpressedasratioofheartratereserve(HRR)andthemaximalage-predictedheartrateachieved(rHR).ResultsAnalysisofvarianceshowedthatrHRandHRRweremuchsignificantlylower(allP<0.01)inCHD2group(rHR0.793±0.078,HRR0.626±0.110)andCHD3group(rHR0.775±0.065,HRR0.586±0.125)thanthatinnon-CHDgroup(rHR0.888±0.062,HRR0.798±0.105)andCHD1group(rHR0.857±0.084,HRR0.735±0.146).rHRwassimilarbothbetweennon-CHDgroupandCHD1group(P>0.05)andbetweenCHD2groupandCHD3group(P>0.05).HRRhasnodifferencebetweenCHD2groupandCHD3group(P>0.05),butwassignificantlydifferentbetweennon-CHDgroupandCHD1group(P<0.05).TherewasasignificantlynegativecorrelationbetweenrHR,HRRandDukescore(r=-0.554,-0.578,respectively,allP<0.01),Gensiniscore(r=-0.453,-0.467,respectively,allP<0.01).CHDproportionreached75%inpatientswhohadpositiverHR(orHRR)andnon-STdepression.Diagnosticvalue[sensitivity0.868(P<0.01),0.846(P<0.01),specificity0.462,0.462,accuracy0.746(P<0.05),0.731,positivepredictivevalue0.790,0.786,negativepredictivevalue0.600,0.563,respectively]ofrHR<85%orHRR<72%whichwereusedasan

简介：AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common global brain disease that causes cognitive impairment, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, problems with mobility, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The brain damage, seen as focal white and deep grey matter lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), typically accumulates "covertly" and may reach an advanced state before being detected incidentally on brain scanning or causing symptoms. Patients have typically presented to different clinical services or been recruited into research focused on one clinical manifestation, perhaps explaining a lack of awareness, until recently, of the full range and complexity of SVD.In this review, we discuss the varied clinical presentations, established and emerging risk factors, relationship to SVD features on MRI or CT, and the current state of knowledge on the effectiveness of a wide range of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. The core message is that effective assessment and clinical management of patients with SVD, as well as future advances in diagnosis, care, and treatment, will require a more "joined-up" ’ approach. This approach should integrate clinical expertise in stroke neurology, cognitive, and physical dysfunctions. It requires more clinical trials in order to improve pharmacological interventions, lifestyle and dietary modifications. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of SVD is required to steer the identification of novel interventions. An essential prerequisite to accelerating clinical trials is to improve the consistency, and standardization of clinical, cognitive and neuroimaging endpoints.

简介：AbstractAs a highly infectious respiratory tract disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause respiratory, physical, and psychological dysfunction in patients. Therefore, pulmonary rehabilitation is crucial for both admitted and discharged patients of COVID-19. In this study, based on the newly released pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines for patients with COVID-19, as well as evidence from the pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, we investigated pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19 having complications, such as chronic pulmonary disease, and established an intelligent respiratory rehabilitation model for these patients.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global public threat. Given the pandemic of COVID-19, the economic impact of COVID-19 is essential to add value to the policy-making process. We retrospectively conducted a cost and affordability analysis to determine the medical costs of COVID-19 patients in China, and also assess the factors affecting their costs.Methods:This analysis was retrospectively conducted in Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital between 24 January and 16 March 2020. The total direct medical expenditures were analyzed by cost factors. We also assessed affordability by comparing the simulated out-of-pocket expenditure of COVID-19 cases relative to the per capita disposable income. Differences between groups were tested by student t test and Mann-Whitney test when appropriate. A multiple logistic regression model was built to determine the risk factors associated with high cost.Results:A total of 70 COVID-19 patients were included in the analysis. The overall mean cost was USD 6827 per treated episode. The highest mean cost was observed in drug acquisition, accounting for 45.1% of the overall cost. Total mean cost was significantly higher in patients with pre-existing diseases compared to those without preexisting diseases. Pre-existing diseases and the advanced disease severity were strongly associated with higher cost. Around USD 0.49 billion were expected for clinical manage of COVID-19 in China. Among rural households, the proportions of health insurance coverage should be increased to 70% for severe cases, and 80% for critically ill cases to avoid catastrophic health expenditure.Conclusions:Our data demonstrate that clinical management of COVID-19 patients incurs a great financial burden to national health insurance. The cost for drug acquisition is the major contributor to the medical cost, whereas the risk factors for higher cost are pre-existing diseases and severity of COVID-19. Improvement of insurance coverage will need to address the barriers of rural patients to avoid the occurrence of catastrophic health expenditure.

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