简介：Yinshananticlineistheproductoftectono-dynamicdeformation-metamorphism.Alongtheaxisoftheanticlineexistsabrittle-ductileshearingzonewhichobviouslycontrolstheore-formation.Mineralizationoccursalongtheaxisoftheanticlineinawidthofabout1000m.Intheminingarea,volca-no-subvolcanicrocksofEarlyYanshanperiodaredividedintothreecycles:Iintermediateacidicdacitelavaanddaciteporphyry;Ⅱacidicamphibolelipariteandquartzporphyry;Ⅲintermediateandesiteporphyrite.AmongthemactivitiesofⅠandⅡcyclesaremoreintensiveandareintimatelyrelatedtothemineralization.Yinshanoredepositistheresultofcombinativeprocessesoftectono-dynamicandvolcano—magmatichydrothermalfluids,sothattherearetwocentersofmetallogeniczoning,onebeingtheaxialstrainzoneofYinshananticlinewhichisthecenteroffirstorder,andtheotherbeingporphyrystock,2ndorder.

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简介：Therearemanyfactorsaffectingtheinstabilityofthesubmarinehydrate-bearingslope(SHBS),andtheinteractionwithhydrateisverycomplicated.Inthispaper,themechanicalmechanismofthestaticliquefactionandinstabilityofsubmarineslopecausedbythedissociationofnaturalgashydrate(NGH)resultingintherapidincreaseofporepressureofgashydrate-bearingsediments(GHBS)andthedecreaseofeffectivestressareanalyzedbasedonthetimeseriesandtypeofSHBS.Then,takingthetypicalsubmarineslopeinthenorthernSouthChinaSeaasanexample,fourimportantfactorsaffectingthestabilityofSHBSareselected,suchasthedegreeofhydratedissociation,thedepthofhydrateburial,thethicknessofhydrate,andthedepthofseawater.Accordingtotheprincipleoforthogonalmethod,25orthogonaltestschemeswith4factorsand5levelsaredesignedandthesafetyfactorsofsubmarineslopestabilityofeachschemearecalculatedbyusingthestrengthreductionfiniteelementmethod.Bymeansoftheorthogonaldesignrangeanalysisandthevarianceanalysis,sensitivityofinfluentialfactorsonstabilityofSHBSareobtained.Theresultsshowthatthedegreeofhydratedissociationisthemostsensitive,followedbyhydrateburialdepth,thethicknessofhydrateandthedepthofseawater.Finally,theconceptofgashydratecriticalburialdepthisputforwardaccordingtotheinfluencelawofgashydrateburialdepth,andthenumericalsimulationforspecificsubmarineslopeiscarriedout,whichindicatestheexistenceofcriticalburialdepth.

简介：地震照明在表面下的成像起一个重要作用。一幅更好的图象也能通过优化获得几何学或介绍包含照明赔偿的更先进的地震移植或tomographic倒置方法被期望。垂直电报调查是为它的灵活性和数据质量的传统的海洋的地震调查的潜在的代替。处理的常规垂直电缆线数据在移植前要求primaries和multiples的分离。我们建议使用多尺度的完整的波形倒置(FWI)改进垂直电报调查的照明范围。一个深水速度模型被造在在海床下面检测低速度异例测试多尺度的FWI的能力。合成结果证明多尺度的FWI是在深海的探索的一个有效模型大楼工具。通过面向的照明分析和多尺度的FWI可以帮助减轻垂直电报调查的风险的目标的几何学优化。多尺度的FWI，低频率的数据和multi-vertical-cable获得系统的联合可以提供高分辨率和高保真度表面下的模型。

简介：AfterRodiniasupercontinentwasdisintegratedinLateProterozoic,anocean,namely,TethysOcean,occurredbetweenGondwanacontinentalgroupandPan-CathaysiancontinentalgroupfromLateProterozoictoMesozoic.FromEarlyPaleozoictoMesozoic,TethysOceanwassubductedtowardPan-Cathaysianblockgroup,whichresultsinbackarcexpansion,arc-landcollisionandforearcaccretion.Whenthebackarcbasinexpandsandreachesthesmalloceanicbasin,ophiolitemelangewillbegenerated.Asaccretionhadalreadyoccurredinthesouthofthecontinentalmarginintheearlierstage,thesucceedingbackarcexpansionandthefrontalarcpositionweremigratedtowardsouthcorrespondingly.Therefore,multipleophiolitebeltsandmagmaticrockbeltsoccurred,andshowatrendofdecreasingagefromnorthtowardsouth.Asthecontinentalmarginwassplitandmigratedtowardsouthandreachedahighlatitudeposition,i.e.,withtheshorteningandsubductionofoceaniccrust,thesedimentarybodiesathighlatitudewasaccretedcontinuouslytowardlowlatitudeareatogetherwiththeformationofoceanicisland,mixingofcold-typeandwarm-typeorganismwasgenerated.Moreover,blockssplitandseparatedfromPan-CathaysianorGondwanacontinentalgroupcannottraversetheoceanicmedianridgeandjoinswithanothercontinentalblock.Asaresult,theKunlunbeltontheSWmarginofthePan-Cathaysianlandwasresultedfromthemulti-arcorogenesissuchasthebackarcseabedexpansion,arc-arccollision,arc-landcollisionoceanicbed,andthecontinuoussouthwardaccretionprocess.

简介：Detectingthetimingandamountofdeformationiscriticalforunderstandingthephysicalcausesandeventuallywarningofpossiblelandslidehazards.Monitoringofdeformationofstructuresandgroundsurfacedisplacementsduringlandslidescanbeaccomplishedbyusingdifferenttypesofsystemsandtechniques.Besidesgeotechnicalorphysicaltechniques,remotesensingtechniquescanbeclassifiedassatellitetechniques,photo-grammetrictechniques,geodetictechniques,groundbasedtechniques,andsoon.TostudyandgoverngrowinggeologicaldisastersinChina,especiallyintheThreeGorgesarea,ThreeGorgesResearchCenterforGeo-hazard(TGRG)isestablishinganinfrastructuretoef-fectivelyandcomprehensivelyanalyzethemechanismoflandslidedeformation,focusedontheHuangtupolandslide,usingofvariousad-vancedmonitoringsystemsandtechniques.Inthisarticle,theframeworkandlatestadvancesofintegrationofmultiremotesensingtechniquesintheinfrastructurearepresented.Differentremotesensingtechniques,dataprocessingandintegratingmethods,andthelatestresultsarediscussedindetail.Atlast,reviewsoncurrentworkandsuggestionsforfurtherworkareputforward.

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简介：多层的沙岩水库全球性发生并且当前在国际生产。这些水库的3D特征太复杂，不能被一般structural-facies-reservoir建模精确地描出。鉴于特殊地质的特征，例如沙岩和mudstoneinterbeds的垂直建筑学，侧面的稳定的沉积和水库poroperm和液体分发的强壮的异质，我们为多层的沙岩水库的3D描述开发了一个新三阶段、六阶段的过程。过程包括二阶段的结构的建模，二阶段的外形建模和水库性质的二种类型的建模。用这个过程，我们建立了形成的模型结构，沙身体结构和microfacies，水库外形和性质包括孔，渗透和煤气的浸透并且提供了3DSebei多层的沙岩气体地的好规模的、系统的描述，中国。这个新过程，由Sebei煤气的地验证了，能被使用描绘类似的多层的沙岩水库。

简介：Inalargeareaoftheeast—centralAsiancontinentthereisaunifiedseismicnetworksystemcomposedoftwofamiliesoflarge—seismicbeltsthatintersectconjugately.Suchaseismicnetworkinthemiddle—uppercrustisactuallyaresponsetotheplasticflownetworkinthelowerlithosphereincludingthelowercrustandlithosphericmantle.TheexistenceoftheunifiedplasticflowsystemconfirmsthatthedrivingforceforintraplatetectonicdeformationresultsmainlyfromthecompressionoftheIndiaplate,whilethelong-rangetransmissionoftheforceiscarriedoutchieflybymeansofplasticflow.Theplasticflownetworkhasacontrolovertheintraplatetectonicdeformation.

简介：Ti-richgarnetisfoundwithincalciticijolitefromtheOkacarbonatitecomplexinCanada,whichischaracterizedby58%–73%andraditecomponent（2.12wt.%–4.18wt.%TiO2）andclassifiedasmelanite.Thegarnetdisplayscomplexzoningandcontainsabundanthighfieldstrengthelements（HFSEs）andrareearthelements（REEs）.Threegroups（Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ）havebeenidentifiedbasedontheirpetrographicnature.ComparedtogroupsⅡandⅢ,GroupⅠgarnetcorescontainhigherTiO2,MgO,HFSE,andREEandlowerSiO2abundances.Thedistinctchemicalandpetrographicsignaturesoftheinvestigatedgarnetscannotbeattributedtosimpleclosedsystemcrystallization,buttheyareconsistentwiththemulti-pulsemagmamixing.CombinedwithpreviouslyreportedU-Pbagesforapatitefromthecalciticijolite,atleastthreestagesofmagmaevolutionandsubsequentmixinghavebeeninvolvedinthegenerationofcalciticijoliteatOka.Theearly-formedmeltthatgeneratedGroupIgarnetcorewaslatermixedwithatleasttwosmall-volume,moreevolvedmelts.Theintermediatestagemeltformedtheremaininggarnetalongwithsomepyroxene,calcite,nepheline,andapatiteat127±3.6Ma.Theyoungest,mostevolvedmeltgeneratedthemajorityofpyroxene,calcite,nepheline,andapatitewithinthecalciticijoliteat115±3.1Ma.

简介：OurworkingareaissituatedtotheeastoftheBengbuantecliseonthesoutbeastmarginoftheNorthChinageodepression,knownaslateArcheozoicgranitc-green8tonetcrrian.ThelatitudinallincarclosedjSoclinalfoldsformedbytbelatcArcheozoicBengbugroupandthecrustalsurfacerocksoftheearlyProtcrozoicWuhegroup,togethcrwiththemidd

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简介：Thermalmaturationandpetroleumgenerationmodelingofshalesisessentialforsuccessfulexplorationandexploitationofconventionalandunconventionaloilandgasplays.Forbasinwideunconventionalresourceplayssuchmodeling,whenwellcalibratedwithdirectmaturitymeasurementsfromwells,cancharacterizeandlocateproductionsweetspotsforoil,wetgasanddrygas.Thetransformationofkerogentopetroleumisassociatedwithmanychemicalreactions,butmodelstypicallyfocusonfirst-orderreactionswithratesdeterminedbytheArrheniusEquation.AmisconceptionhasbeenperpetuatedformanyyearsthataccuratethermalmaturitymodelingofvitrinitereflectanceusingtheArrheniusEquationandasingleactivationenergy,toderiveatime-temperatureindex(∑TTIARR),asproposedbyWood(1988),isflawed.ThisclaimwasinitiallymadebySweeneyandBurnham(1990)inpromotingtheir'EasyRo'method,andrepeatedbyothers.Thispaperdemonstratesthroughdetailedmulti-dimensionalburialandthermalmodelinganddirectcomparisonofthe∑TTIARRand'EasyRo'methodsthatthisisnotthecase.The∑TTIARRmethodnotonlyprovidesaveryusefulandsensitivematurityindex,itcanreproducethecalculatedvitrinitereflectancevaluesderivedfrommodelsbasedonmultipleactivationenergies(e.g.,'EasyRo').Throughsimpleexpressionsthe∑TTIARRmethodcanalsoprovideoilandgastransformationfactorsthatcanbeflexiblyscaledandcalibratedtomatchtheoil,wetgasanddrygasgenerationwindows.Thisisachievedinamore-computationally-efficient,flexibleandtransparentwaybythe∑TTIARRmethodthanthe'EasyRo'method.Analysisindicatesthatthe'EasyRo'method,usingtwentyactivationenergiesandaconstantfrequencyfactor,generatesreactionratesandtransformationfactorsthatdonotrealisticallymodelobservedkerogenbehaviourandtransformationfactorsovergeologictimescales.

简介：Shales,themostabundantofsedimentaryrocks,arevaluedasthesource-rocksandsealstoporouspetroleumreservoirs.Overthepast-twentyyears,organic-richshaleshavealsoemergedasvaluablepetroleumsystems(reservoir,seal,andsourcerockscontainedinthesameformation).Assuchtheyhavebecomeprimarytargetsforpetroleumexplorationandexploitation.ThisPart1ofathree-partreviewaddressesthebulkproperties,multi-scalegeometryandgasadsorptioncharacteristicsofthesediverseandcomplexrocks.Shalesdisplayextremelylowpermeability,andtheirporosityisalsolow,butmulti-scale.Characterizingthegeometryandinterconnectivityofthepore-structureframeworkswiththenatural-fracturenetworkswithinshalesisessentialforestablishingtheirpetroleumexploitationpotential.Organic-richshalestypicallycontaintwodistincttypesofporosity:matrixporosityandfractureporosity.Inadditiontointer-granularporosity,thematrixporosityincludestwotypesofmineral-hostedporosity:inorganic-mineral-hostedporosity(IP);and,organic-matter-hosted(withinthekerogen)porosity(OP).Whereas,thefractureporosityandpermeabilityiscrucialforpetroleumproductionfromshales,itiswithintheOPwhere,typically,muchofthein-situoilandgasresourcesresides,andfromwhereitneedstobemobilized.OPincreasessignificantlyasshalesbecomemorethermallymature(i.e.,withinthegasgenerationzones),andplaysakeyroleintheultimaterecoveryfromshale-gassystems.Shales'methanesorptioncapacities(MSC)tendstobepositivelycorrelatedwiththeirtotalorganiccarboncontent(TOC),thermalmaturation,andmicroporevolume.Claymineralsalsosignificantlyinfluencekeyphysicalpropertiesofshalerelatedtofluidflow(permeability)andresponsetostress(fracability)thatdeterminetheirprospectivityforpetroleumexploitation.Claymineralscanalsoadsorbgas,somemuchbetterthanothers.Thesurfaceareaoftheporestructureofshalescanbepositively

简介：SichuanBasinisatypicalsuperimposedbasin,whichexperiencedmulti-phasetectonicmovements,meanwhileSinian–Cambrianunderwentcomplexhydrocarbonaccumulationprocesses,causingexplorationdifficultiesinthepast60years.Basedonthemicroscopicevidenceoffluidinclusions,combinedwithbasin-modelling,thispaperdeterminesstagesandtimeofhydrocarbonaccumulation,reconstructsevolutionofformationpressureanddynamicprocessesofhydrocarbonaccumulationinSinianDengyingFormation-CambrianLongwangmiaoFormationofGaoshiti-Moxistructure.Threestagesofinclusionsaredetected,includingastageofyellow-yellowgreenfluorescentoilinclusions,astageofbluefluorescentoil-gasinclusionsandastageofnon-fluorescentgasinclusions,reflectingthestudyareahasexperiencedaseriesofcomplexhydrocarbonaccumulationprocesses,suchasformationofpaleo-oilreservoirs,crackingofcrudeoil,formationofpaleo-gasreservoirsandadjustmenttopresentgasreservoirs,whichoccurredduring219–188,192–146and168–0Marespectively.Duringtheperiodofcrudeoilcracking,DengyingFormation-LongwangmiaoFormationshowedweakoverpressuretooverpressurecharacteristics,thenafteradjustmentofpaleo-gasreservoirstopresentgasreservoirs,thepressureinDengyingFormationchangedintooverpressurebutfinallyreducedtonormalpressuresystem.However,duetoexcellentpreservationconditions,theoverpressurestrengthinLongwangmiaoFormationonlyslightlydecreasedandwasstillkepttothisday.

简介：第一，在在Qarhan盐湖的intercrystal盐水和它的媒介盐层(盐存款)之间的一系列化学反应的宏观的化学平衡状态被使用Pitzer理论学习。有溶解比率的积累的矿石的宏观的溶解度产品和它的关系的概念被介绍，它在在Qarhan盐湖溶解并且开车钾盐的利用的数字模型被使用。并且第二，在多部件为反应溶质与形成运输的想法的一个模型一起当模特儿在多孔的媒介的新鲜地下水系统是一本参考书，一个二维的运输模型在多部件盐水结合了一系列化学反应多孔的系统(盐存款)被使用Pitzer理论开发。同时，模型被使用在Qarhan盐湖为钾/镁运输建模以便在溶解并且开车的过程并且到为在盐的采矿溶解并且捕获最大的钾/镁的最佳的注射/抽象策略在Qarhan盐湖扔的设计学习固体和液体阶段的转移法律。