简介：Theturbulentfluxesforsensibleandlatentheatandmomentumarecomputedandanalysesarecarriedoutaboutthefactorsintermsofthefluxes,withtheprofilemethods,basedonthedatafromtheTibetan(Xi-zang)PlateauMeteorologicalExperimentin1986(TIPMEX-86).Itisshownthatthefluxesofvariouskindshaveevidentdiurnalvariation,andeachdecademeandiurnalvariationisquitedifferentfromothers.Thesensibleheatfluxisabout2/3lessinJulythaninJune.Theresultsindicatethattheaverageddragcoefficient,C_d,andtheaveragedbulktransfercoefficientofsensibleheat,C_h,are0.0052and0.0075respectively,fortheperiod13to28inJuneforNagqu.ButforLhasa,themeanC_dis0.0056,andthemeanC_his0.0085,fortheperiodofJune11toJuly20.ItisfoundthatC_dandC_harenotonlythefunctionofwindvelocity,butalsoinfluencedbystabilityconditionsandwindandtemperaturegradients.

简介：现在的学习考虑发展混合被开始二条免费溪流合并形成的层由一个裂解槽盘子分开了。在粒子分散上调查旋涡的结构的影响，当时，数字模拟被进行速度比率，定义为R=U_∞-U_(-∞)/U_∞+U_(-∞),是0。5。大旋涡的模拟(LES)被采用理解大规模旋涡的结构的效果在质点分散上由theKelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性发源。有粒子的苍蝇灰缩放10，50,100，150，并且200um分别地在二维的混合层的起源被装载。Itis证实粒子分散强烈取决于大规模旋涡的结构的运动。粒子分散被在经历配对相互作用的混合的层跟随粒子轨道数字地设想。

简介：Verticallyexploringthecharacteristicsofthetyphoonboundarylayer(TBL)playsanimportantroleinrecognizingtyphoonstructure.TheboundarylayerradialdirectionandtangentialwindcharacteristicsofTyphoonUsagibasedontheobservationaldataofthreeboundarylayerwindprofilerstationsalongtherouteofTyphoonUsagi(No.1319)andbycombiningwithsoundingdata.Theresultsshowthat:(1)maximumtangentialwindappearsinthevicinityoftheeyeareaofUsagi,anditbasicallymaintainsaheightofaround1800mwhenUsagikeepsastrongtyphoonlevel,withtherapidlydecreasingstrengthofUsagiafteritlands,thespeedofthemaximumtangentialwindanditsverticalrangebothdecrease;(2)theheightofthemaximumtangentialwindisclosetothatoftheinflowlayertopofthetyphoon,andisgreaterthanthatoftheboundarylayerestimatedonthebasisofRichardsonnumberorpotentialtemperaturegradient,whiletheheightofmixedlayerjudgedonthebasisofthesignal-to-noiseratio(SNR)oritsgradientisusuallylow;(3)thetheboundarylayerheightcanreachhigherthan2100mbeforeUsagilands.Whenthetyphoonleveloraboveisachieved,theboundarylayerheightobservedbyvariousstationsdoesnotchangemuch,basicallystayingatbetween1200and1600m.WiththedecreasingstrengthofUsagiafteritslandfall,theboundarylayerheightrapidlydrops.

简介：Temporalmodedirectnumericalsimulationwasdonefortheprocessoflaminar-turbulenttransitioninanincompressibleboundarylayeronaflatplate.Theanalysisoftheresultsshowedthatduringthebreakdownprocessoflaminar-turbulenttransition,themodificationofthemeanflowprofilebythedisturbancesledtoaremarkablechangeinitsstabilitycharacteristics,manifestedinthesignificantenlargementofthelinearunstablezoneandthemaximumamplificationrate,andledtothatmanymoredisturbanceswereexcitedandenhancedrapidly,correspondinglytheturbulentenergyalsoincreasedrapidly,andthemeanflowprofilesevolvedswiftlyfromlaminartoturbulent.Itwasalsofoundthatiftheobliquewavesintheinitialdisturbancesdidnotformsymmetricalpairs,thesubsequentspan-wisemeanvelocitieswould,ingeneral,benonzeroduetononlinearinteraction,whichwouldhaveagreateffectonthestabilitycharacteristicsandalsoimpliedthattheturbulenceobtainedbydirectnumericalsimulationmightnotbefullyarandomprocess.

简介：Thispaperreportsthatanexperimentalstudyisconductedtoexaminethedynamicsoftheoutflowintwo-layerexchangeflowsinachannelconnectingbetweentwowaterbodieswithasmalldensitydifference.TheexperimentsrevealthegenerationofKelvin-Helmholtz(KH)instabilitieswithinthehydraulicallysub-criticalflowregionofthechannel.Duringmaximalexchange,thoseKHinstabilitiesdevelopsintolarge-amplitudeKHwavesastheyescapethechannelexitintothereservoir.Thepropagationspeed...

简介：Theresearchisabouttheeffectofalayerofvaryingdensityofsea-bottomsedimentsonspatialcorrelationofsea-bottombackscattering.Therelationshipbetweenscatteringcrosssectionandspatialcorrelationisthatbackscatteringcrosssectiondecreasesquicklyandthespatialcorrelationbecomesstrongerastheincidentangleincreases.Therefore,thedensitydepthprofileisintroducedintosea-bottomhigh-frequencybackscatteringechomodel,whichisusedtosimulatesea-bottombackscatteringandcalculatethefunctionofspatialcorrelation.Theinfluenceofthedensitygradientonspatialcorrelationofsea-bottombackscatteringisinvestigatedbyanalyzingtherelationsbetweenverticalgradientofdensityandthescatteringcrosssection.Ascanbeseenfromthesimulationresults,theimpactofthedensitygradientonthespatialcorrelationisfoundmoresignificant.Whilethedensitygradientincreases,thescatteringcross-sectionandtheradiusofthespatialcorrelationbroaden,thespatialcorrelationbecomesstronger.Atthesametime,thescatteringcross-sectiondecreasesmorequicklyastheincidentangleincreases.

简介：Background:Understoryplantsrepresentsthelargestcomponentofbiodiversityinmostforestecosystemsandplaysakeyroleinforestfunctioning.Despitetheirimportance,theinfluenceofoverstory-layercompositiononunderstoryplantdiversityisrelativelypoorlyunderstoodwithindeciduous-evergreenbroadleavedmixedforests.Theaimofthisworkwastoevaluatehowtreeoverstory-layercompositioninfluencesonunderstory-layerdiversityinthreeforesttypes(monospecificdeciduousNothofaguspumilio(Np),monospecificevergreenNothofagusbetuloides(Nb),andmixedN.pumilio-N.betuloides(M)forests),comparingalsobetweentwogeographicallocations(coastandmountain)toestimatedifferencesatlandscapelevel.Results:Werecorded46plantspecies:4ferns,12monocots,and30dicots.Canopy-layercompositioninfluencestheherb-layerstructureanddiversityintwodifferentways:whilemixedforestshavegreatersimilaritytoevergreenforestsintheunderstorystructuralfeatures,deciduousandmixedweresimilarintermsofthespecificcompositionofplantassemblage.Deciduouspurestandswerethemostdiverse,meanwhileevergreenstandswereleastdiverse.Lackofexclusivespeciesofmixedforestcouldrepresentatransitionwhereevergreenanddeciduouscommunitiesmeetandintegrate.Moreover,landscapehasamajorinfluenceonthestructure,diversityandrichnessofunderstoryvegetationofpureandmixedforestslikelyassociatedtothemagnitudeandfrequencyofnaturaldisturbances,wheremountainforestnotonlyhadhighestherb-layerdiversitybutalsomoreexclusivespecies.Conclusions:OurstudysuggeststhatmixedNothofagusforestsupportscoexistenceofbothpuredeciduousandpureevergreenunderstoryplantspeciesanddifferentassemblagesincoastalandmountainsites.Maintainingthemixtureofcanopypatchtypeswithinmixedstandswillbeimportantforconservingthenaturalpatternsofunderstoryplantcompositioninsouthernbeechmixedforests.

简介：不稳定粘滞在连续地可渗透的缩小表面上的流动被学习。类似方程通过类似的转变技术的应用程序被获得。数字技术被用来象皮肤磨擦系数和Nusselt数字一样在速度和温度侧面上为摇摆参数，集体吸参数，缩小的参数和Prandtl数字的不同的值解决类似方程。它被发现那，与一张不稳定的拉长表不同，双答案在质量的某个范围存在吸和摇摆参数。

简介：Basedontheresearchoftheconvectiveboundarylayer(CBL)temperaturefieldinaconvectivetank,thispaperstudiesthecharacteristicsoftheCBLvelocityfieldintheconvectivetank.Aluminiumpowder(400orders)isusedasatracerparticleintheapplicationoftheparticleimagevelocimetry(PIV)technique.Theexperimentdemonstrates:thevelocitydistributioninthemixedlayerclearlypossessesthecharacteristicsofCBLthermals;thevelocitydistributioninthetopzoneofthemixedlayershowsentrainmentlayercharacteristics;theverticaldistributionofturbulentcharacteristicvariablesisreasonable,whichissimilartofieldobservationsandothertankresults;theerroranalysisdemonstratesthevalidityofaluminiumpowder,whichimpliesthereliabilityoftheresults.

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简介：轧了nanorods被磁控管劈啪作响和加氨系统综合，并且Tb中间的层的厚度被改变学习效果在上轧了nanorods。结果被扫描电子测试显微镜学(SEM)，X光检查衍射(XRD)，传播电子显微镜学(TEM)，高分辨率的传播电子显微镜学(HRTEM)，和光致发光(PL)系列。结果证明Tb层的厚度在形式，质量，和光性质上有明显的效果轧了nanorods。在房间温度的PL系列在368点显示出一座很强壮的排放山峰?nm和弱排出物在387点达到顶点?当Tb层是20时，为生产样品的山峰的nm，和紧张到达最大值?nm。最后，20的最佳的厚度?为综合的Tb中间的层的nm轧了nanostructures被完成。

简介：１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅＳｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＴｒｉａｌＶｅｌｏｃｉｔｙＰｒｏｆｉｌｅＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｋｅｙｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｔｈｅｌａｍｉｎａｒｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙ＿ｌａｙｅｒｏｎａｆｌａｔｐｌａ...

简介：TheDebyeequationwithslit-smearedsmallanglex-rayscattering(SAXS)dataisextendedformanidealtwo-phasesystemtoapseudotwo-phasesystemwiththepresenceoftheinterfacelayer,andasimpleaccuratesolutionisproposedtodeterminetheaveragethicknessoftheinterfacelayerinporousmaterials.ThismethodistestedbyexperimentalSAXSdata,whichweremeasuredat25℃,oforgano-modifiedmesoporoussilicapreparedbycondensationoftetraethoxysiland(TEOS)andmethyltriethoxysilane(MTES)usingnon-ionicneutralsurfactantastemplateunderneutralcondition.

简介：在精力平衡实验期间，patch-to-patch灌溉在一块纵贯的面向的棉花地里在土壤潮湿产生了坡度。从相对干燥的在上游的补丁由于强壮的水平移流开发相对弄湿下游的补丁的内部边界层(IBL)与占优势的在北方的风联系了。这产生了多重尺寸的大旋涡，它在IBL在骚乱的结构上有重要影响。在IBL以内在二高度测量的风速度，温度，湿度，和精力流动的力量系列和cospectra被介绍并且过去常在表面层骚乱上调查IBL的影响。系列和cospectra被外部骚乱极大地在低频率提高。这些骚乱的山峰频率没随着高度变化。系列和cospectra典型地收敛了并且与在高频率的堪萨斯光谱平行(在惯性的子域)。当表面层是稳定的时，在水平风速度的系列的清楚的差距在中间的频率存在。结果显示在在上游的对流边界层发源的大旋涡在表面层骚乱的系列和cospectra上有可观的影响。这些大旋涡的影响更大(1)当IBL比IBL什么时候没存在在近的表面层是开发得好的时，(2)在比在底层高级，并且(3)当大气的表面层(ASL)比ASL什么时候是稳定的不稳定时。这些大旋涡的长度规模与在实验地点的表面异质的主导的规模一致。

简介：Atunablephotoniccrystal(PC)filterisproposedwiththetwistednematic(TN)liquidcrystal(LC)asadefectlayer.Thepolarizationsensitiveperformanceandtheeigenmodesareanalyzed.Theresultsshowthattherearetwokindsoftransmissionmodes,namelyoande,whenthevoltageislow.Thedifferentmodescanbeselectedbyrotatingthefilteraxially.Theemodeshiftstowardtheshorterwavelengthsideastheappliedvoltageincreases.Thenthepeaksoftwomodesmergeintoeachotherandthepolarizationsensitiveperformancedisappears.Thephotonicbandgapisinsensitivetothevoltage.Thetunablerangeofthefilteris53nm.

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简介：一种熄灭水的技术被采用了评估多孔的Si3在空气气氛的N4陶艺。高孔的Si3因为它毛孔的角色，到热吃惊的更高的力量保留和一个更好的电阻作为裂缝arresters使疲劳的N4陶艺展览。然而，稠密、协调的表面氧化物层在热疲劳期间在剩余力量导致一个重要好处尽管更厚的氧化物层介绍，到第30周期的一个增加的疲劳数字不能引起进一步的影响，它被归因于洞缺点和部分intergranular的消失阶段。

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简介：SeasonalvariationandtopographyofthemixedlayerintheSeaofJapanarestudiedbycomparisonofresultsfromlong-termobservationdataanalysisandfromnumericalsimulationwiththeMHIoceanicmodel(Shapiro.1998.MarineHydrophysicalJournal,6:26～40).ThedataareretrievedfromOceanographicAtlasoftheBeringSea,OkhotskSea,andJapan/EastSea(Rostov,Rostov,Dmitrieva,etal.2003.PacificOceanography,1(1):70～72).Thesimulatedandlong-termpatternsarecompared.Animpactofsurfacebuoyancyflux,wind,andconvergence/divergenceofsurfacecurrentsuponthemixedlayerintheSeaofJapanisanalyzed.

简介：Thesingle-layerlatticedcylindricalshellisoneofthemostwidelyadoptedspace-framedstructures.Inthispaper,freevibrationpropertiesanddynamicresponsetohorizontalandverticalseismicwavesofsingle-layerlatticedcylindricalshellsareanalyzedbythefiniteclementmethodusingANSYSsoftware.Inthenumericalstudy,wherehundredsofcaseswereanalyzed,theparametersconsideredincludedrise-spanratio,length-spanratio,surfaceloadandmembersectionsize.Moreover,tobetterdefinetheactualbehaviorofsingle-layerlatticedshells,thestudyisfocusedonthedynamicstressresponsetobothaxialforcesandbendingmoments.Basedonthenumericalresults,theeffectsoftheparametersconsideredonthestressesarediscussedandamodifiedseismicforcecoefficientmethodissuggested.Inaddition,someadvicebasedontheserescarchresultsispresentedtohelpinthefuturedesignofsuchstructures.