简介：感叹句是英语句子中的一种常见类型，用来表示说话人的强烈感情。一个句子，一个短语，乃至一个词都可以构成感叹句，但是，最为常见的感叹句还是由what或how开头的，句尾用感叹号，读时用降调。现将what与how引导的感叹句分述如下。

简介：重点知识园地重点单词1.shaken.&v.摇动;抖动Giveitagoodshake.用力摇一下它。Hewasshakingwithanger.他气得浑身发抖。拓展shakesb’shand/shakehandswithsb/shakesbbythehand与某人握手Astrangerwalkeduptomeandshookmyhand.有个陌生人向我走来跟我握手。

简介：HowtoteachEnglishwellisahottopicforManyEFL(Englishasaforeignlanguage)teachers.SometeacherswonderwhatmethodsshouldbeadoptedintheirEnglishteachingsoastohelptheirstudentslearnEnglishbetter.InEnglishteachinghistory,manymethodshavebeenemployed,suchasGrammar-Translationmethod,Audio-LingualMethodand

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简介：本次会议是How系列丛书的编辑研讨会，也相当于是一个编委筹备会。系列丛书包括如何（怎样）教和如何（怎样）学英语，如何教英语是从教师的角度出发，而如何学是从学生的角度出发，是英语“四位一体”教学法的补充材料。系列丛书要继承中国几百年来的语言教学成果，我们是想先从教师如何教的角度来促进学生如何学的理性转变，是对语言教学理论和实践的总结，但略侧重于实践方面的内容。这套系列丛书可能有50至100本，今天仅仅是一个开头。今天请来的是英语教研员和一线教师，出版系列丛书的想法由来已久，由英语“四位一体”教法所具体操作。

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简介：Tworecentstudieshavediscoveredasurprisinglinkbetweenthreeseeminglydifferentclinicaldiseases:onethatdestroysbonemarrow,anotherthatpreventssundamagefrombeingrepaired,andathirdwhichcauseschildrentoshowsignsofagingextremelyearly.Ithasbeenfoundthatallthreediseasesarecausedbymutationsinthesamegene.Mutationscomeinanumberofdifferentflavors,

简介：【教材分析】《新目标英语》有以下几个特色：图文并茂、实用性强、注重交际、词汇量大。它采用任务型语言教学（Task—basedLanguageTeaching）模式。让学生在完成任务的过程中，用英语获取信息并交流，培养运用英语解决实际问题的能力。

简介：AbstractTo summarize fertility preservation (FP) guidelines and consensus provided by medical facilities worldwide. Five reference databases (PubMed/Embase, China BioMedical Literature Database, ClinicalKey, Wanfang Data, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated) and 7 guideline databases (Guideline International Network, National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health, National Guideline Clearinghouse, The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, New Zealand Guideline Group, and Canadian Medical Association infobase) were searched. Official websites of societies were searched to find relevant guidelines and consensus, and guidelines and published systematic reviews and consensus were reviewed from inception through May 2021. A literature search was performed regarding guidance offered in professional facilities, and 304 records (including 4 in Chinese) of existing guidelines for full-text review were found. Moreover, 55 guidelines were identified after a manual search. The literature review demonstrated that FP guidance and options were unevenly distributed worldwide for women who wanted to post-pone pregnancy or had impaired fertility after gonadal toxicity. With promising cancer survival rates and diversified family decisions, more attention should be paid to the improvement and update of accessible guidelines and regulatory infrastructure to inform patients about the available options and empower them to make informed choices. Restrictions to such services can be gradually eased due to the efficacy and safety of certain FP techniques for the right candidates to initiate pregnancy conception.

简介：AbstractSpinal extradural meningeal cysts (SEMCs) are rare lesions of the spinal canal. Although closure of the dural defect can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects, locating the fistula is difficult. This review summarizes the methods for locating the fistula of SEMCs and the distribution and features of fistula sites. This was a non-systematic literature review of studies on SEMCs. We searched PubMed for English-language articles to summarize the methods of locating the defect. The search words were "epidural arachnoid cyst," "dural cyst," "epidural cyst," and "epidural meningeal cyst." For the defect location component of the study, case reports, studies with a sample size less than four, controversial ventral dural dissection(s), and undocumented fistula location reports were excluded. Our review showed that radiography and computed tomography (CT) may show changes in the bony structure of the spine, with the largest segment of change indicating the fistula site. Occasionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can show a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow void at the fistula site. The middle segment of the cyst on sagittal MRI, the largest cyst area, and cyst laterality in the axial view indicate the fistula location. Myelography can show the fistula location in the area of the enhanced cyst and subarachnoid stenosis. Digital subtraction or delayed CT can be used to observe the location of the initial cyst filling. Cine MRI and time-spatial labeling inversion pulse techniques can be used to observe CSF flow. Steady-state image construction interference sequence MRI has a high spatial resolution. Neuroendoscopy, MRI myelography, and ultrasound fistula detection can be performed intraoperatively. Moreover, the fistula was located most often in the T12-L1 segment. Identifying the fistula location is difficult and requires a combination of multiple examinations and experience for comprehensive judgment.

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简介：Determiningthephysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofsoilanditsbehaviorforengineeringprojectsisessentialforroadconstructionoperations.Oneofthemostimportantprinciplesinforestroadconstruction,whichisusuallyneglected,istoavoidmixingorganicmatterwithroadmaterialsduringexcavationandembankmentconstruction.Thecurrentstudyaimedtoassesstheinfluenceoforganicmatteronthephysicalpropertiesandmechanicalbehaviorsofforestsoilandtoanalyzetherelationbetweentheamountoforganicmatterandthebehaviorofforestsoilasroadmaterial.Atypicalsoilsamplefromthestudyareawascollectedbesideanewlyconstructedroadbed.Thesoilwasmixedwithdifferentpercentagesoforganicmatter(controltreatment,5,10,and15%bymass)anddifferenttestsincludingAtterberglimits,standardcompaction,andCaliforniabearingratio(CBR)testswereconductedonthesedifferentsoilmixtures.Theresultsshowedthatsoilplasticityincreasedlinearlywithincreasingorganicmatter.Increasingtheorganicmatterfrom0%(control)to15%resultedinanincreaseof11.64%oftheplasticlimitand15.22%oftheliquidlimitafterdryingat110℃.Also,increasingtheorganicmattercontentreducedthesoilmaximumdrydensityandincreasedtheoptimummoisturecontent.Increasingtheorganicmatterfrom0to15%resultedinanincreaseof11.0%oftheoptimummoisturecontentandadecreaseof0.29g/cm3ofthemaximumdrydensity.OrganicmatterdecreasedtheCBR,whichisusedastheindexofroadstrength.Adding15%organicmattertothesoilresultedinadecreaseoftheCBRfrom15.72to4.75%.Therewasasignificantdifferencebetweenthetwodryingtemperatures(60and110℃)forthesameorganicmattermixtureswithlowerwatercontentvaluesafterdryingat60℃.Theresultsrevealedtheadverseinfluenceoforganicmatteronsoilengineeringpropertiesandshowedtheimportanceoforganicmatterremovalbeforeexcavationandfillconstruction.

简介：Afterseveralyearsofdiscussions,theincreasingblockresidentialelectricitytariffwaspilotedin2011forthesakeofchannelizingthepricingconflictsbetweencoalandelectricity.Thisisagoodthingtodoanditrequiresappropriatewaystoimplementthenewelectricitypricingpolicy.

简介：AIM:ToreviewvisionhealthsituationofIraniancommunity,analyzeitsdeterminants,anddiscusstheadoptedimprovementstrategiesbytheIranMinistryofHealthandMedicalEducation(MOHME).METHODS:Thiswasarapidsituationanalysiswithaqualitativeapproachinthreepartsofrecognition,orientationandimplementation.Thedataweregatheredviareviewofupstreamdocuments,nationalandinternationalexperiences,andexpertsandstakeholders’opinions.RESULTS:Eradicatingtrachoma,increasinghumanresources,increasingeducationalandresearchcentersandpromotionofophthalmictechnologieswereimportantachievementsinthefieldofvisionhealthinIran.Throughtheseachievements,itseemedthatthepatternofcausesofblindnessandlowvisionwassimilartothatofthedevelopedcountries.However,thereviewofIranians’visionhealthindicatorsshowedthataconsiderablepercentoftheblindnessandlowvisionwasavoidablethroughanationalprogramdemanding3typesofinterventionsinsocialdeterminantsofhealth(SDH),communityeducation,andincreasingtheaccesstohealthcareservicesbyintegratingthenecessaryservicesinprimaryhealthcaresystem.CONCLUSION:Managingtheissuerequiresattentionsfromanationalcommitteeforpreventingblindnesswithparticipationofallstakeholders,implementinganationalsurveyonvisionhealth,preparationoftheprimarylevelhealthcentersincludingemploymentandeducationofcommunityhealthworkers(Behvarzes),optometristsandgeneralpractitioners,fairdistributionofspecializedhumanresourcesandestablishingatleastonespecializedcenterineachprovinceforreferringpatientsfromtheprimarylevels.

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