简介:在在过去的20年的中国的联合地球/气候系统模型的发展被考察,包括与参予了从阶段1的联合模型Intercomparison工程(CMIP)(CMIP1)分阶段执行4的另外的国际模型(CMIP4)一起的比较。对CMIP的中国贡献被总结,并且到CMIP3的从CMIP1的主要成就为估计中国模型的力量和软弱作为一本参考书被列出。在对CMIP5实验的描述以后,参予了CMIP5的五个中国模型然后被介绍。而且,跟随国际模型开发的当前的地位的评论,为为社区建模的中国气候的挑战和机会被讨论。在大气、海洋的一般发行量模型的高分辨率的气候模型,地球系统模型,和改进的开发,它是地球/气候系统的核心部件当模特儿,被加亮。到气候系统的持续发展在中国建模的保证,对公民级的协作的需要被讨论,与主要部件的一张表一起,支持元素为推进气候建模由美国国家策略识别了。
简介:UsingaregionalclimatemodelMM5nestedtoanatmosphericglobalclimatemodelCCM3,aseriesofsimulationsandsensitivityexperimentshavebeenperformedtoinvestigatetherelativeLastGlacialMaximum(LGM)climateresponsetodifferentmechanismsoverChina.Modelsimulationsofthepresentday(PD)climateandtheLGMclimatechangeareingoodagreementwiththeobservationdataandgeologicalrecords,especiallyinthesimulationofprecipitationchange.UnderthePDandLGMclimate,changesofearthorbitalparametershaveasmallinfluenceontheannualmeantemperatureoverChina.However,themagnitudeoftheeffectshowsaseasonalpattern,withasignificantresponseinwinter.Thus,thisinfluencecannotbeneglected.DuringtheLGM,CO_2concentrationreacheditslowestpointto200ppmv.ThisresultsinatemperaturedecreaseoverChina.TheinfluencesofCO_2concentrationonclimateshowseasonalandregionalpatternsaswell,withasignificantinfluenceinwinter.Onthecontrary,CO_2concentrationhaslessimpactinsummerseason.Insomecases,temperatureevenincreaseswithdecreasinginCO_2concentration.Thistemperatureincreaseistheoutcomeofdecreaseincloudamount;henceincreasethesolarradiationthatreachedtheearth'ssurface.Thisresultsuggeststhatcloudamountplaysaveryimportantroleinclimatechangeandcoulddirecttheresponsepatternsofsomeclimatevariablessuchastemperatureduringcertainperiodsandovercertainregions.IntheTibetanPlateau,thetemperatureresponsestochangesoftheabovetwofactorsaregenerallyweakerthanthoseinotherregionsbecausethecloudamountinthisareaisgenerallymorethanintheotherareas.Relativetothecurrentclimate,changesinorbitalparametershavelessimpactontheLGMclimatethanchangesinCO_2concentration.However,bothfactorshaveratherlesscontributionstotheclimatechangeintheLGM.About3%-10%changesintheannualmeantemperaturearecontributedbyCO_2.