简介:WedevelopedanRfunctionnamed'microarrayoutlierfilter'(MOF)toassistintheidentificationoffailedarrays.Insortingagroupofsimilararraysbythelike-lihoodoffailure,twostatisticalindiceswereemployed:thecorrelationcoefficientandthepercentageofoutlierspots.MOFcanbeusedtomonitorthequalityofmi-croarraydataforbothtroubleshooting,andtoeliminatebaddatasetsfromdown-streamanalysis.Thefunctionisfreelyavaliableathttp://www.wriwindber.org/applications/mof/.
简介:目的:分离羽衣甘蓝S13-b位点受体激酶(SRK13-b)基因并进行序列及结构域分析,构建SRK13-b结构域的原核表达载体并进行重组蛋白质的原核表达和纯化。方法:提取羽衣甘蓝S13-bS13-b自交不亲和系花期柱头的RNA,用RT-PCR法分离SRK13-b基因;将编码SRK13-b激酶结构域的序列插入大肠杆菌表达载体pET-14b中,构建原核表达质粒pET-SRK13-bCT,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS菌株,经0.1mmol/LIPTG诱导,用Ni—NTA亲和层析柱对SRK13-b激酶结构域蛋白进行纯化。结果:分离获得羽衣甘蓝SRK13-b基因的长度为2571bp,编码856个氨基酸,GenBank收录号为EU180597;对SRK13-b激酶结构域蛋白进行诱导表达及纯化,SDS—PAGE显示相对分子质量约43×10^3的蛋白质特异表达,对表达产物进行分离纯化,获得了SRK13-b激酶结构域的融合蛋白。结论:羽衣甘蓝SRK13-b基因的克隆及激酶结构域的原核表达,为研究SRK的功能及自交不亲和性奠定了基础。
简介:TaijiquanisamartialartofthehighestorderisculturallyetchedintheChineseheritageandentrenchedinwushupulpfictionandkungfumovies.Thereinliestheenigma.Thegentleslow-motionpracticecannotbemoreremotefromthespeedandpowerofcombat.AndaddingtothemystiqueisthepropositionthatTaijiquan'skungfuprowessisnotdrawnfromthephysicalstrengthofthemusculaturebutfromsome"innerstrength"orNeijin.ThissacredbeliefwasdesecratedwhenafighterthrashedaselfproclaimedTaijiquangrandmasterignominiouslyin10secondsinanopenmatch.Taijiquanwasthenderidedasaboguscombatart.TheincidentshakesthefoundationofTaijiquanandputsintoquestionsmanyofitstoutedclaims,whichchallengesthescientificquestoftheart.ThepaperconfrontstheissuedirectlybystudyingthemanifestationofNeijinintheframeworkofsciencetoprovideascientificbasisfortheart.Ittranscribestheyin-yangmetaphysicsthatregulatesTaijiquantrainingintermsofthealignmentofmuscleactionstobalanceandtounifymomentum,whichdevelopsthecorestrengthofNeijinandtheunderlyinglife-forceQienergy.Fromthisflowsthekungfumarvels,whichlieinthelivelinessandagilityofNeijin'sresponseandintheforceensuingthatisoftherightvectorvalues,allessentialinthefluidityofcombatapplication.ThemartialaspectofTaijiquanprovidesaconcreterepresentationofNeijin,whichgivesanexperientialinsightintothemultifacetedconceptofQi,andinturnapathwaytotheexplorationofQiinphysiologyandthusinQienergymedicine.
简介:MYB蛋白质在真核细胞的有机体起重要作用。在植物,R1R2R3类型MYB蛋白质在房间周期控制工作。然而,R2R3类型MYB蛋白质是否也涉及房间部门过程,仍然保持未知。这里,我们报导那R2R3类型抄写因素基因,AtMYB59,涉及房间周期前进和根生长的规定。AtMYB59蛋白质在洋葱的原子核是局部性的表皮的房间并且transactivation活动。在酵母房间的AtMYB59的表示压制房间增长,和transformants与更长的房间有更多的原子核和更高的aneuploidDNA内容。在AtMYB59的保存领域的变化在酵母细胞生长上废除它的效果。在同步Arabidopsis房间暂停,AtMYB59基因明确地在房间周期前进期间在S阶段被表示。表示和promoter-GUS分析表明AtMYB59基因富有地在根被表示。转基因的植物overexpressingAtMYB59更短的根与野类型的植物(Arabidopsis就职Col-0)相比,并且在在根尖端的有丝分裂的房间的一半附近在中期。相反地,空变异的myb59-1比关口在中期让更长的根和更少有丝分裂的房间,建议那AtMYB59可以由扩大有丝分裂的房间的中期禁止根生长。AtMYB59调整许多下游的基因,包括CYCB1;1基因,可能通过到MYB应答的元素的绑定。这些结果在细胞周期规定和植物根生长为AtMYB59支持一个角色。
简介:ThisisthespecialissuedevotedtobioinformaticsresearchinSingapore.BioinformaticsresearchinSingaporestartedlargelyin1996whentheBioinformaticsCenter,NationalUniversityofSingapore,wasformed.Withthegovernment'seffortstoturnSingaporeintoapowerhouseofbiomedicalresearch,theGenomeInstituteofSingaporeandtheBioinformaticsInstituteofSingaporehavebeenestablishedsince2000.Recently,abioinformaticsresearchcenterwasalsoformedintheNanyangTechnologicalUniversity.Currently,therearealargenumberofbioinformaticsresearchteamsineachoftheseinstitutions.
简介:目的:构建带Myc标签的LC3B—PLA2基因的真核表达质粒,获得LC3B—PLA2融合蛋白,并应用LC3B—PLA2研究Atg4B对LC3B的切割作用。方法:以本实验室保存的乳腺文库为模板,PCR扩增获得LCgB序列,与PLA2G]O拼接后插入pCMV—Myc载体,用构建的重组质粒转染HEK293T细胞,Western印迹检测融合蛋白的表达,用LC3B—PLA2与Atg4B共转染的方法检测Atg4B对LC3B的切割作用。结果:菌液PCR、重组质粒双酶切及测序均表明重组质粒构建成功,Western印迹结果表明融合蛋白在HEK293T细胞中获得表达,LC3B—PLA2真核表达蛋白能够应用于Atg4B对LC3B切割作用的研究。结论:构建了pCMV—Myc—LC3B—PLA2真核表达质粒,LC3B—PLA2融合蛋白在Atg4B对LC3B切割作用的研究中至关重要,为进一步研究Atg4B在自噬过程中的作用奠定了基础。
简介:Themodulationandcontrolofgecko'sfootmovementswerestudiedelectrophysiologicallyinordertodesignthemotorcontrolsystemofagecko-mimicrobot.Inthisstudy(1)theanatomyoftheperipheralnervescontrollingthegecko'sfootmovementswasdetermined;(2)therelationshipbetweenthelimbnervesofthegeckoanditsfootmotorpatternswasstudied;(3)theafferentimpulsesofthenervesevokedbyrubbingthegecko'stoesandpalmwererecorded;(4)copyingthenaturalpatternsofmovementofthegecko'sfoot(abduction,adduction,flexion,andrevolution)anditslimbnervemodulationandcontrolmechanism,thenerveswerestimulatedundercomputercontrol,andtheresultsrecordedbyCCD.Resultssuggestthatgecko'sfootmovementscanbesuccessfullycontrolledbyartificialelectricalsignals.
简介:Thesandfishisalizardhavingtheremarkableabilitytomoveindesertsandinaswimming-likefashion.Themostout-standingadaptationstothismodeoflifearethelowfrictionbehaviourandtheextensiveabrasionresistanceofthesandfishskinagainstsand,outperformingevensteel.Weinvestigatedthetopography,thecompositionandthemechanicalpropertiesofsandfishscales.Theseconsistofglycosylatedkeratinswithhighamountofsulphurbutnohardinorganicmaterial,suchassilicatesorlime.Remarkably,atomicforcemicroscopyshowsanalmostcompleteabsenceofattractiveforcesbetweenthescalesurfaceandasilicontip,suggestingthatthisisresponsiblefortheunusualtribologicalproperties.Theunusualglycosylationofthekeratinswasfoundtobeabsolutelynecessaryforthedescribedphenomenon.Thescalesweredissolvedandreconstitutedonapolymersurfaceresultinginpropertiessimilartotheoriginalscale.Thus,weprovideapathwaytowardsexploitationofthereconstitutedscalematerialforfutureengineeringapplications.
简介:Uponencounteringtheantigen(Ag),theimmunesystemcaneitherdevelopaspecificimmuneresponseofenteraspecificstateofunresponsiveness,tolerance.TheresponseofBcellstotheirspecificAgcanbeactivationandproliferation,leadingtotheimmuneresponse,oranergyandactivation-inducedcelldeath(AICD),leadingtotolerance.AICDinBlymphocytesisahighlyregulatedeventinitiatedbycrosslinkingoftheBcellreceptor(BCR).BCRengagementinitiatesseveralsignalingeventssuchasactivationofPLCγ,Ras,andPI3K,whichgenerallyspeaking,leadtosurvival.However,intheabsenceofsurvivalsignals(CD40orIL-4Rengagement),BCRcrosslinkingcanalsopromoteapoptoticsignaltransductionpathwayssuchasactivationofeffectorcaspases,expressionofpro-apoptoticgenes,andinhibitionofpro-survivalgenes.ThecomplexinterplaybetweensurvivalanddeathsignalsdeterminestheBcellfateand,consequently,theimmuneresponse.
简介:China'sFreeARTProgramwasinitiatedin2002asanemergencyresponsetosaveandimprovethelivesofAIDSpatientslivingmainlyinimpoverishedruralregionsofcentralChina.WithlittleexperienceinHIV/AIDStreatmentandcareandresourcelimitations,China'seffortstoprovidewidespreadaccesstofreeantiretroviraltherapyhasbeenaprocessfraughtwithdifficulty.However,theFreeARTProgramisprogressingfromanemergencyresponsetoastandardizedtreatmentandcaresystem.Thedevelopmentofnationalguidelines,trainingprograms,alaboratorysupportnetwork,anationalpatientdatabase,programsforspecialpopulationssuchaschildrenandpatientslivingwithcoinfections,andoperationalresearchhasimprovedthescopeandqualityofthefreetreatmentprogram.AsofJune30,2005,atotalof19,456patientsin28provinces,autonomousregions,andspecialmunicipalitieshadreceivedfreeART.ChallengesstemmingfromthenatureofChina'shealthsystemandpatientpopulationpersist,butwithstronggovernmentsupportandadiversesetofresources,Chinahasthecapacitytoovercomethesechallengesandtoprovidenationwideaccesstohighqualitytreatmentandcare.
简介:Naturalcomposites,formedthroughbiomineralization,havehighlyorderedstructureswhichhavebeenaptlyexploredforfunctionalapplications.Thoughtheroleoforganicphaseshasbeenwellunderstoodinbiomineralization,notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtotheroleofbio-membraneswhichareoftenfoundencapsulatingthechamberinwhichmineralizationoccurs.Wehaveusedthenaturalproteinandsemi-permeablemembraneofchickeneggstogrowdifferentmaterialssuchasceramics,semi-metalsandmetalstounderstandtheroleofbio-membranesinbiomineralization.Weherereportthesuccessfulbiomimeticsynthesisofcalcite,cadmiumsulphide,andsilverhavinghomogeneousmorphologies.Wehavefoundthatthemembraneoperateslikeatunedgateway,playingasignificantroleincontrollingthemorphologyoftheinorganiccrystalsformedduringbiomineralization.
简介:ApoptosisproducedinBcellsthroughFas(APO-1,CD95)triggeringisregulatedbysignalsderivedfromothersurfacereceptors:CD40engagementproducesupregulationofFasexpressionandmarkedsusceptibilitytoFas-inducedcelldeath,whereasantigenreceptorengagement,orIL-4Rengagement,inhibitsFaskillingandinsodoinginducesastateofFas-resistance,eveninotherwisesensitive,CD40-stimulatedtargets.SurfaceimmunoglobulinandIL-4RutilizeatleastpartiallydistinctpathwaystoproduceFas-resistancethatdifferentiallydependonPKCandSTAT6,respectively.Further,surfaceimmunoglobulinsignalingforinducibleFas-resistancebypassesBtk,requiresNF-κB,andentailsnewmacromolecularsynthesis.TerminaleffectorsofBcellFas-resistanceincludetheknownanti-apoptoticgeneproducts,Bcl-XLandFLIP,andanovelanti-apoptoticgenethatencodesFAIM(FasApoptosisInhibitoryMolecule).faimwasidentifiedbydifferentialdisplayandexistsintwoalternativelysplicedforms;faim-Sisbroadlyexpressed,butfaim-Lexpressionistissue-specific.TheFAIMsequenceishighlyevolutionarilyconserved,suggestinganimportantroleforthismoleculethroughoutphylogeny.InducibleresistancetoFaskillingishypothesizedtoprotectforeignantigen-specificBcellsduringpotentiallyhazardousinteractionswithFasL-bearingTcells,whereasautoreactiveBcellsfailtobecomeFas-resistantandaredeletedviaFas-dependentcytotoxicity.InadvertentoraberrantacquisitionofFas-resistancemaypermitautoreactiveBcellstoescapeFasdeletion,andmalignantlymphocytestoimpedeanti-tumorimmunity.
简介:<正>ThesusceptibilityofprimaryBcellstoFas(APO-1,CD95)-mediatedapoptosisisregulatedbysignalsderivedfromadditionalsurfacereceptors.CD40engagementproducesupregulationofFasexpressionandinducesmarkedsensitivitytoFas-inducedcelldeath,whereasBcellantigenreceptor(BCR)engagementinhibitsFaskillingandtherebyproducesFas-resistance,eveninotherwisesusceptible,CD40-stimulatedtargets.BCRsignalingforinducibleFas-resistancedevelopsoveraperiodof12hoursanddependson
简介:通过对20世纪80年代以来具有代表性的华北夏谷区审(鉴)定的20个主栽谷子品种进行SSR标记多态性分析,研究了华北地区育成谷子品种的遗传多样性。49对引物在20个谷子品种中扩增出具有多态性的条带,共检测出142个等位变异,平均每个位点检测出的等位变异数为2.96个。标记位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.0904~0.6896,平均为0.4168。20份材料间的遗传距离变幅为0.0173~0.9000,聚类分析将其分成3个类群,其中谷丰1号自成一类,表明谷丰1号的遗传距离较其他品种大。不同年代谷子品种间遗传距离分析结果显示,各年代品种之间的平均遗传距离由大到小依次是1980s>1990s>2000s>2010s,表明随着年代的递进育成品种的遗传差异减小,亲缘关系增近。
简介:Thecorona-likespikesorpeplomersonthesurfaceofthevirionunderelectronicmicroscopearethemoststrikingfeaturesofcoronaviruses.TheS(spike)proteinisthelargeststructuralprotein,with1,255aminoacids,intheviralgenome.Itsstructurecanbedividedintothreeregions:alongN-terminalregionintheexte-rior,acharacteristictransmembrane(TM)region,andashortC-terminusintheinteriorofavirion.WedetectedfifteensubstitutionsofnucleotidesbycomparisonswiththeseventeenpublishedSARS-CoVgenomesequences,eight(53.3%)ofwhicharenon-synonymousmutationsleadingtoaminoacidalternationswithpredictedphysiochemicalchanges.ThepossibleantigenicdeterminantsoftheSproteinarepredicted,andtheresultisconfirmedbyELISA(enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay)withsynthesizedpeptides.AnotherprofoundfindingisthatthreedisulfidebondsaredefinedattheC-terminuswiththeN-terminusoftheE(envelope)pro-tein,basedonthetypicalsequenceandpositions,thusestablishingthestructuralconnectionwiththesetwoimportantstructuralproteins,ifconfirmed.Phyloge-neticanalysisrevealsseveralconservedregionsthatmightbepotentdrugtargets.