简介：AbstractBackground:A surgical site infection (SSI) is a major post-operative complication from elective colorectal surgery; however, few studies have focused on evaluating the risk factors for SSI. This study aimed to analyze the relative correlation of medical and environmental factors as well as patient-related factors that contribute to the incidence of all types of SSI.Methods:A retrospective search for eligible patients was conducted using the patient database of the Gastrointestinal Surgery Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2011 to August 2017. Pre-operative demographic and surgical data were extracted and recoded according to the study protocol. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to clarify factors affecting the incidence of SSI. Propensity analysis was conducted to minimize bias in the demographic characteristics to explore the prophylactic effect of pre-operative administration of oral antibiotics.Results:Univariate analysis of the baseline characteristics revealed that younger age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.378; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.218–0.657) and pre-operative oral antibiotic use (OR: 0.465; 95% CI: 0.255–0.850) were protective factors, while pre-operative anemia (OR: 4.591; 95% CI: 2.567–8.211), neoadjuvant chemotherapy history (OR: 2.398; 95% CI: 1.094–5.256), and longer surgical duration (OR: 2.393; 95% CI: 1.349–4.246; P = 0.002) were identified as risk factors for SSI. Multivariate analysis indicated that age (P = 0.003), surgical duration (P = 0.001), and pre-operative oral antibiotic use (P < 0.001) were independent factors that affect the incidence of SSI. Furthermore, a propensity-matched analysis confirmed the protective effect of oral antibiotic use, with a 1-day course of oral antibiotic producing a similar effect to a 3-day course.Conclusions:Age, surgical duration, and pre-operative oral antibiotic use were associated with the incidence of SSI. However, pre-operative oral antibiotic use was the only controllable factor. From the results of our study, pre-operative oral antibiotic use is recommended before elective colorectal surgery and a 1-day course is enough to provide the protective effect.

简介：AbstractBackground:About 10% of patients get a surgical-site infection (SSI) after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, but SSI remains controversial among surgeons. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for SSIs after radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer to guide clinical therapies and reduce the incidence of SSI.Methods:The study was a retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. SSI was defined in accordance with the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. We evaluated patient-related and peri-operative variables that could be risk factors for SSIs. The Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between these risk factors and SSI.Results:Among the 590 patients, 386 were men and 204 were women. The mean age was 56.6 (28-82) years and 14.2% (84/590) of these patients had an SSI. Among them, incisional SSI was observed in 23 patients (3.9%) and organ/space SSI in 61 patients (10.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified sex (odds ratios [ORs] = 2.548, and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.268-5.122, P = 0.009), total gastrectomy (OR = 2.327, 95% CI: 1.352-4.004, P = 0.002), albumin level (day 3 after surgery) <30 g/L (OR= 1.868, 95% CI: 1.066-3.274, P = 0.029), and post-operative total parenteral nutrition (OR = 2.318, 95% CI: 1.026-5.237, P = 0.043) as independent risk factors for SSI.Conclusions:SSI was common among patients after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The method supporting post-operative nutrition and the duration of prophylactic antibiotics may be important modifiable influencing factors for SSI.

简介：摘要： GPS定位技术为变形监测提供一种新的手段 ,由于 GPS具有自动化程度高、速度快、同时测定点等监测优势 ,被广泛应用于各种精密工程 ,通常 GPS技术应用采用定期复测与长期连续监测模式 ,用户设备只需要接收卫星信号 ,就可以获取精准的定位信息和导航数据。本文以下主要通过 GPS定位技术的探讨 ,提出了在变形监测中的应用参考。

简介：AbstractPurpose:To introduced our experience with progressive extra-axial hematoma (EAH) in the original frontotemporoparietal (FTP) site after contralateral decompressive surgery (CDS) in traumatic brain injury patients and discuss the risk factors associated with this dangerous situation.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted on 941 patients with moderate or severe TBI treated in Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China in a period over 5 years (2013-2017). Only patients with bilateral lesion, the contralateral side being the dominant lesion, and decompressive surgery on the contralateral side conducted firstly were included. Patients were exclude if (1) they underwent bilateral decompression or neurosurgery at the original location firstly; (2) although surgery was performed first on the contralateral side, surgery was done again at the contralateral side due to rebleeding or complications; (3) patients younger than 18 years or older than 80 years; and (4) patients with other significant organ injury or severe disorder or those with abnormal coagulation profiles. Clinical and radiographic variables reviewed were demographic data, trauma mechanisms, neurological condition assessed by Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at admission, pupil size and reactivity, use of mannitol, time interval from trauma to surgery, Rotterdam CT classification, type and volume of EAH, presence of a skull fracture overlying the EAH, status of basal cistern, size of midline shift, associated brain lesions and types, etc. Patients were followed-up for at least 6 months and the outcome was graded by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score as favorable (scores of 4-5) and unfavorable (scores of 1-3). Student's t-test was adopted for quantitative variables while Pearson Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was also applied to estimate the significance of risk factors.Results:Initially 186 patients (19.8%) with original impact locations at the FTP site and underwent surgery were selected. Among them, 66 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. But only 50 patients were included because the data of the other 16 patients were incomplete. Progressive EAH developed at the original FTP site in 11 patients after the treatment of, with an incidence of 22%. Therefore the other 39 patients were classified as the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that both the volume of the original hematoma and the absence of an apparent midline shift were significant predictors of hematoma progression after decompressive surgery. Patients with fracture at the original impact site had a higher incidence of progressive EAH after CDS, however this factor was not an important predictor in the multivariate model. We also found that patients with progressive EAH had a similar favorable outcome with control group.Conclusion:Progressive EAH is correlated with several variables, such as hematoma volumes ≥10 mL at the original impact location and the absence of an apparent midline shift (<5 mm). Although progressive EAH is devastating, timely diagnosis with computed tomography scans and immediate evacuation of the progressive hematoma can yield a favorable result.

简介：摘要 : 随着社会的不断发展，科学技术日新月异， GPS定位技术作为二十世纪的伟大发明，被应用于众多的科学领域中。近年来，由于其广泛的适用性， GPS技术逐渐被人们所重视，广泛应用于各类矿区勘查工程的直接放样和定测中。 GPS技术具有易选点、精度高、时间段等特性，并且具有误差均匀分布以及布网灵活的优势，具有实时性、连续性、全天候、全球性，在地质勘查测量的过程中取得良好的经济和社会效益。 本文从 GPS的工作原理入手，对该系统在地质勘查中的应用进行了探析。

简介：摘要：GPS导航定位在人们的出行以及其他行业的日常生产中发挥着非常重要的作用。但即使是在GPS导航技术已经极为发展的现在，其在定位应用的过程中也还是难以避免误差的出现，导致使用者的出行或者其他行为出现出错。文章中对GPS导航定位的误差出现原因及其处理方式进行了探讨，期望能够对GPS导航定位的精准性提高能够有所帮助。

简介：摘要：在测绘过程中，做好前期设计和测量误差的控制工作，可以进一步提高测绘成果的精准度，优化测绘控制网内容，优化测绘工程的工作环境，做好测绘人员的培训工作，可以降低人为因素对于测量结果的影响。将GPS测绘技术应用到测绘工程当中，采取合理措施来优化测绘过程，对于加快测绘工作开展速度、提高测绘成果准确性有着积极的意义。

简介：摘要：近年来，随着我国经济社会和科学技术的飞速发展，使得 各行各业的发展也在逐步提高。同时 在地质测绘中新技术以及新技能的使用也更加广泛，其中 GPS技术已经被深入的应用到地质测绘的各个环节，使得地质测绘更加便利、高效和科学。同时这 GPS技术的应用还能够为地质测绘单位节约成本，实现资源的有效利用，提升测绘工作的质量和效率。文章探究了 GPS技术的特点，并提出在地质测绘工作中运用 GPS的策略。

简介：摘要：文章主要通过对新加坡养老院及新加坡养老系统的分析，结合中国的现状，为中国的养老系统的建立、养老院的设立及管理提供一些可借鉴的经验，以推进中国的养老服务体系的进一步完善。

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简介：【摘要】目的：探讨院前急救护理路径在脑卒中患者院前急救中的作用。方法：选择 2016年 9月 -2017年 1月期间呼救中心接收的 260例脑卒中患者，根据呼救先后顺序分为观察组 130例以及对照组患者 130例。对照组脑卒中患者按照常规护理进行救治，观察组脑卒中患者则根据院前急救护理路径进行救治，比较两组患者的治疗结局。结果：观察组脑卒中患者的呼救至救护车到达时间为 24.61±10.14min，对照组脑卒中患者呼救至救护车达到时间为 30.62±14.15min， P＜ 0.05；观察组脑卒中患者入院接受专科治疗时间为 38.68±10.49min，对照组脑卒中患者入院接受专科治疗时间为 46.72±12.49min， P＜ 0.05；观察组脑卒中患者的致残率和致死率分别为 9（ 6.92%）、 5（ 3.85%）较对照组患者 16（ 12.31%）、 13（ 10%）有明显的优势， P＜ 0.05。结论：脑卒中患者采用院前急救护理路径有效的缩短患者获得急救时间间隔，阻止病情的恶化，改善不良治疗结局。

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简介：摘要： GPS 测量技术由于其具有较高的测绘精度和高效的测绘效率，被广泛运用于工程测绘当中。并且 GPS 测量技术是一种全球导航、指挥和调度系统，且运用十分广泛。基于此，本文简述了 GPS 测量技术的工作原理及其在工程测绘中运用的主要特征，对 GPS 测量技术在工程测绘中的运用进行了探讨分析。

简介：摘要：在工程建设之前，测绘工作是一项非常重要的工作，它为后续工程设计提供了重要的基础数据信息支持，保证了后续工程建设有可靠的依据。通过对现场施工及施工后的有效观察，确保了工程的安全稳定。在这一过程中，为了实现有效的工程测绘，采用科学的测绘技术显得尤为重要。本文主要研究GPS测绘技术的基本特点，以及在工程测绘中的具体应用和重要作用，以便更好地为工程建设服务。

简介：摘要：现代科技的不断发展，让 GPS技术越来越完善。相对于传统测绘技术来说， GPS技术有着更多优势，因此这项技术广泛地应用在大量行业当中。 GPS测绘技术结合了卫星定位以及自动化软件，其具备高精度、操作便捷等优势。利用 GPS测绘技术，能实现对国土资源的精准测量，确保了国土资源的高效利用。本文对 GPS测绘技术在 国土测绘中的优势做了简要分析，并阐述其在国土测绘上的应用。

简介：摘要： GPS测绘技术打破了传统测绘技术操作复杂、耗费时间长、效率低下、精确度低等缺点，凭借着高效率、高精确度、操作简单、耗时短等特点在测绘工程中得到了大力应用，未来的发展前景也十分广阔。而要想不断提高 GPS测绘技术在测绘工程中的应用水平，为工程质量提供保障，就要不断完善 GPS测绘技术，掌握 GPS测绘技术在测绘工程中的应用现状，找出应用过程中存在的问题并进行解决，最终才能提高 GPS测绘技术在工程测绘中的应用水平，最终才能促进工程测绘效率、质量的不断提高。本文对 工程测绘中的

简介：摘要：随着城镇化进程的不断加快，各种建设项目不断增加，只有保证工程建设安全，才能推动城市发展。工程测绘精准程度决定了工程的安全性与稳定性，传统测绘技术主要依靠人工来完成，往往会出现一些误差。现代技术的创新发展，推动了 GPS技术民用历程，可以说， GPS技术在很多领域都已经在发挥了作用，全面的深入到人们生活生产各个层面，工程测绘也离不开 GPS的应用。文章通过 GPS技术重要性阐述，全面分析了工程测绘中 GPS应用。

简介：摘 要 ：随着经济发展水平的不断提升，高新技术也得到了广泛地运用。这里面， GPS 技术已经在生产生活各方面得到了广泛地运用，将为我们的生活生产提供了极大的便利。从当前实际情况来看， GPS技术是发展最快、运用最广的影像技术。在地质测绘领域中 GPS技术得到了深入地运用，有效地提升地质测绘工作的成效。作者将在本文中介绍了 GPS技术，对 GPS技术在地质测绘中的重要性展开了分析，并对进一步提升 GPS技术在地质测绘工作中的应用水平提出了具体的举措。 　　 关键词 ： GPS 技术；地质测绘；应用　　

简介：摘要：经济全球化的深入推进加快了我国城乡发展的步伐，诸多现代化技术层出不穷，科学技术的不断进步使得GPS技术得到了改进与创新，并且在工程测量过程中得到了广泛的应用。文章通过分析GPS测量技术，阐述了其在工程测量中的一些具体使用措施，以期能够促进建筑行业的可持续发展。