简介：Basedonthebasicideaofzonemodelingmethod,atwo-layerzonemodelisdevelopedandprogrammedtocalculatethefiregrowthandsmokespreadinamulti-roombuidingsubjectedtoafire.Therelatedpredictiveequations,numericalsimulationmethodandsub-modelsimplementedinthismodelareconciselydescribed.AsetofexperimentaldatafromCooper'sworkatNISTforatwo-roomcompartmentfirearechosenforcomparisonwiththemodelandprogram,andthenumericalresultsfundamentallyagreewellwiththeexperimentaldata,Then,anexampleofnumericalcalculationofatwo-stoyduildingfireispresented,andtherelevantoutputresultsaregivenandanalyzed.

简介：Itisknownthatthereisalagtimeforsmokeplumeinducedbyfirestransportingfromafireorigintothelocationofinterestunderneathanunconfinedandflatceiling.Thislagbehaviorofsmokeplumealsoexistsforafireunderaslopedceiling,andisfundamentaltoestimatetheactivationtimeofafiredetectororotherfireextinguishingsystem.Thisstudyfocusesonthelagtimeofsmokeplumeunderaslopedceiling.Basedontheweak-plumetheoryatearly-firephaseandpreviousstudiesconcerningthefireplumecharacteristicsunderaslopedceiling,acalculationmethodonlagtimeoffireplumetransportingispresentedintheory.Meanwhile,twodimensionlessequationspredictingthelagtimeoffireplumeforsteadyfireandunsteadyfireareproposedrespectively.Furthermore,thecriticaltimecalculationequationisalsoproposedtodeterminetheapplicabilityofquasi-steadyassumptionforatime-dependentfire.

简介：Theself-extinguishingbehaviorofkerosenesprayfirewasinvestigatedinacompletelyenclosedcompartmentwiththesizeof3m×3m×3.4m.ThespraywasgeneratedbylocatingoneBETEnozzleatthecenterofthebottomwall.AseriesofsprayfirevideoswereobtainedbychangingBETEnozzletypeandinjectingpressure.Theresultsshowthatsprayfireundergoesfourstages:thegrowthstage,thequasi-steadystage,thestretchstageandtheself-extinguishingstage.Consumptionoflargequantitiesofoxygencausessprayfiretofirstbestretchedandthenquench.Inthisprocess,firebasemigratesawayfromsprayregionandleadstotheemergenceofghostingfire.Ghostingfirepromotestheinstabilityofsprayfireandlargefluctuationofitsheight,whichprovideshelptoitsself-extinguishing.Withincreasingtheinjectingpressureorthenozzlediameter,theself-extinguishingtimedecreases.Itisfoundthattheself-extinguishingtimeisapproximatelyininverserelationwithinjectingflowrate.Additionally,wealsoobservedtheoccurrenceoftwo-phasedeflagrationjustafterignition,anditacceleratesthesprayfiregrowthandinducesalargerfireheightthanthefollowingquasi-steadysprayfire.Thedeflagrationturnsstrongerwithincreasingtheinjectingpressure.

简介：基于小世界网络在一个pulse-coupledintegrate-and-fire神经原模型变老和自我组织的criticality的效果被学习了。我们给老化网络，平均最短的路径长度，我们的网络的直径，和聚类的系数的度分发，并且发现我们的神经原模型显示幂定律行为，并且与然后增加的连接增加的棕土，老化的效果变得越来越小。这证明如果大脑以自我组织的criticality状态工作，它能减轻老化引起的一些效果。

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