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简介：Usingsevenworkingfluids,asystematicexperimentalstudywasperformedtoinvestigatethelocalconvectiveheattransferfromverticalheaterstoimpingingcircularsubmergedjetsintherangeofReynoldsnumberbetween1.17×10^2and3.69×10^4withtheemphasisplacedontheexaminationofPrandtlnumberdependence.Heattransfercoefficientsatthestagnationpointwerecollectedandcorrelatedwiththeplateheldwithinandbeyondthepotentialcore.Radialdistributionofthelocalheattransfercoefficientwasmeasuredwithfivetestliquids.Basedonthemeasuredprofilesofthelocalheattransfer,acorrelationwasdevelopedtocovertheentirerangeoftheadialdistance.Basidesthepresentdata,thecorrelationsdevelopedinthisworkwerealsocomparedwithalargequantityofavailabledataofcircularairjets.Generalagreementwasobservedbetweentheairdataandthecorrelations.

简介：Ceriumoxidenanoparticlescoatedbysodiumbis(2-ethylexyl)sulphosuccinate(AOT)werepreparedbyusingamicroemulsionmethod.Transmissionelectronmicroscopyrevealedanaverageparticlesiaeof2-3nm.X-raydiffractionshowedthattheceriumoxidenanoparticlesretaintheCeF2-typecubicstructureslikethebulkcrystal.Theintermediatevalenceofformallytetravalentcompoundshadbeendetectedbyx-ray-absorptionnear-edgestructetravalentcompoundshadbeendetectedbyx-ray-absorptionnear-degestructure(XANES)spectraofCeLIIIabsorptioninbulkCeO2andtheceriumoxidenanoparticles.Twowellresovedwhitelinescanbeassignedtotheelectronconfigurationsof4f^0Land4f^1L,respectively,whereLdenotesaligandhole.Atthesametime,theceriumoxidenanoparticlesalsoshowedthestructuralfeatresoftrivalentcompounds,incomparisontothetrivalentCe(NO3)3·6H2O.FuorLorentzianfunctionsandtwoarctanfunctionswereusedtofitthenormalizedXANESspectra.Theextendedx-ray-absorptionfine-structure(EXAFS)techniquewasusedtoprobethelocalatomicstructuresaroundtheabsorberCe.ThemultielectrornexcitationeffectontheEXAFSspectrawaseliminated.Acor-shellmodelwasusedtodeducethenear-neighbourstructuralparametersaroundcerium.BulkCeO2witheightoxygenatomslocatedat2.343AwasusedasthereferencesampletoextractthebackscatteringamplitudeandphaseshiftoftheCe-Obond.OnehalfoftheatomelocateatthecorepartwiththeCeF2-typecubicstructures(eightoxyensat2.343AaroundCe),theotherhalfoftheatomsareamorphousphaselocatedintheshellpart(surfaceofthenanoparticles)withapproximatelyCe2O3structuralfeatures(averageedsevenoxygensat2.50AaroundCe).

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简介：ZnOfilmscontainingErandGenanocrystals（nc-Ge）weresynthesizedandtheirphotoluminescence（PL）propertieswerestudied.Visibleandnear-infraredPLintensitiesarefoundtobegreatlyincreasedinnc-Ge-containingfilm.Er-related1.54μmemissionhasbeeninvestigatedunderseveralexcitationconditionsupondifferentkindsofGe,ErcodopedZnOthinfilms.1.54μmPLenhancementaccompaniedbytheappearanceofnc-Geimpliesasignificantcorrelationbetweennc-GeandPLemissionofEr3+.Theincreasedintensityof1.54μminGe:Er:ZnOfilmisconsideredtocomefromthejointeffectofthelocalpotentialdistortionaroundEr3+andthepossibleenergytransferfromnc-GetoEr3+.