简介：Primaryandmetastaticlivertumorsareanincreasingglobalhealthproblem,withhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)nowbeingthethirdleadingcauseofcancer-relatedmortalityworldwide.SystemictreatmentoptionsforHCCremainlimited,withSorafenibastheonlyprospectivelyvalidatedagentshowntoincreaseoverallsurvival.Surgicalresectionand/ortransplantation,locallyablativetherapiesandregionalorlocoregionaltherapieshavefilledthegapinlivertumortreatments,providingimprovedsurvivaloutcomesforbothprimaryandmetastatictumors.Minimallyinvasivelocaltherapieshaveanincreasingroleinthetreatmentofbothprimaryandmetastaticlivertumors.Forpatientswithlowvolumedisease,thesetherapieshavenowbeenestablishedintoconsensuspracticeguidelines.Thisreviewhighlightstechnicalaspectsandoutcomesofcommonlyutilized,minimallyinvasivelocaltherapiesincludinglaparoscopicliverresection(LLR),radiofrequencyablation(RFA),microwaveablation(MWA),high-intensityfocusedultrasound(HIFU),irreversibleelectroporation(IRE),andstereotacticbodyradiationtherapy(SBRT).Inaddition,theroleofcombinationtreatmentstrategiesutilizingtheseminimallyinvasivetechniquesisreviewed.

简介：Baseduponstudiesfromrandomizedclinicaltrials,theextended(D2)lymphnodedissectionisnowrecommendedasastandardprocedureforlocaladvancedgastriccancerworldwide.However,therationalextentlymphadenectomyforlocaladvancedgastriccancerhasremainedatopicofdebateinthepastdecades.Duetothelimitationoflowmetastaticrateinpara-aorticnodes(PAN)inJCOG9501,theclinicalbenefitofD2+para-aorticnodaldissection(PAND)forpatientswithstageT4and/orstageN3disease,whichisverycommoninChinaandothercountriesexceptJapanandKorea,cannotbedetermined.Furthermore,theroleofsplenectomyforcompleteresectionofNo.10andNo.11nodeshasbeencontroversial,andhowever,thefinalresultsfromtherandomizedtrialofJCOG0110haveyettobecompleted.GastriccancerwiththeNo.14andNo.13lymphnodemetastasisisdefinedasM1stageinthecurrentversionoftheJapaneseclassification.WeproposethatD2+No.14vand+No.13lymphadenectomymaybeanoptioninapotentiallycurativegastrectomyfortumorswithapparentmetastasistotheNo.6nodesorinfiltratetoduodenum.Theexaminedlymphnodeandextranodalmetastasisaresignificantlyassociatedwiththesurvivalofgastriccancerpatients.

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