简介：BACKGROUND:Ithasbeenshownthatginsenoside,theeffectivecomponentofginseng,canenhanceexpressionofcholineacetyltransferase,aswellasbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF)anditsreceptortyrosinekinaseB(TrkB),incholinergicneuronsofthebasalforebrain.OBJECTIVE:ToqualitativelyandquantitativelyverifytheinfluenceofginsenosideonexpressionofBDNFanditsreceptor,TrkB,inthemedialseptumofagedrats,andtoprovideamolecularbasisforclinicalapplication.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Acontraststudy,whichwasperformedintheDepartmentofAnatomy,ChinaMedicalUniversity,andtheDepartmentofAnatomy,ShenyangMedicalCollegebetweenDecember2005andMay2007.MATERIALS:Thirty-five,healthy,female,SpragueDawleyratswereselectedforthisstudy.Ginsenoside(81%purity)wasprovidedbyJilinJi’anWantaiChineseMedicineFactory;anti-BDNFantibody,anti-TrkBantibody,andtheirkitswereprovidedbyWuhanBosterCompany.METHODS:Atotalof35ratsweredividedintothreegroups:young(fourmonthsold),aging(26monthsold),andginsenoside.Ratsintheginsenosidegroupwereadministeredginsenoside(25mg/kg/d)between17monthsand26months.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:ImmunohistochemistryandinsituhybridizationwereusedtomeasureexpressionofBDNFandTrkBinthemedialseptumofagedrats,andthedetectedresultswereexpressedasgrayvalues.RESULTS:①Qualitativedetection:usingmicroscopy,degenerativeneuronswerevisibleinthemedialseptumintheaginggroup.However,neuronalmorphologyintheginsenosidegroupwassimilartoneuronsintheyounggroup.②Quantitativedetection:themeangrayvalueofBDNF-positiveandTrkB-positiveproductsintheaginggroupweresignificantlyhigherthanintheyounggroup(t=3.346,4.169,P<0.01);however,themeangrayvalueintheginsenosidegroupwassignificantlylowerthanintheaginggroup(t=2.432,2.651,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:GinsenosidecanincreaseexpressionofBDNFandTrkBinth

简介：目的探讨大剂量高压氧治疗方案对永久陆大脑中动脉闭塞大鼠的疗效以及高压氧对大鼠梗死部位周围脑组织核因子κB（nuclearfactor-κB,NF-κB）影响。方法制备雄性Sprague--Dawley大鼠永久陛大脑中动脉闭塞模型，随机分为高压氧组和对照组，每组32X，另设立伪手术组。使用Garcia神经行为学评分方法分别在术后24h、5d对大鼠进行神经行为学评分；应用2，3，5一三苯基氯化四氮唑（2，5，5-trjphenyltetrazolfumchlorid，TTC）方法对脑组织进行染色，观察24h、5d时大鼠脑组织梗死容积；取梗死部位周围脑组织，采用凝胶电泳迁移实验（electrophoreticmobilityshiftassay,EMSA）方法检测术后24h、5d时的NF-κB脱氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleicacid，DNA）结合活性。比较三组间上述指标的差异。结果术后24h高压氧组神经行为学评分高于对照组[（13.33±1．53）坩（10．33±0．58），P〈0．001]。术后24h高压氧组梗死容积小于对照组[（139．75±33．59）坩（203．02±57．66），P=0．008]。术后5d高压氧组梗死部位周围脑组织NF-κB活性低于对照组[（16．01±4．56）坩（50．28±9．15），P=0．035]。结论大剂量高压氧治疗方案在脑梗死后24h内具有脑保护作用。大剂量高压氧可降低大鼠梗死部位周围脑组织NF-κBDNA结合活性。

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简介：目的研究刺五加多糖（ASPS）对H2O2诱导的海马神经元凋亡的影响及其机制。方法采用H2O2诱导大鼠海马神经元凋亡。采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP原位切口末端标记法检测细胞凋亡率、免疫组化法检测caspase-3蛋白的表达、逆转录PCR法检测caspase-3mRNA的表达。结果H2O2作用后,海马神经元凋亡率、caspase-3蛋白和mRNA表达水平均显著增高（P〈0.05）;给予ASPS干预后,均显著下降（P〈0.05）;而且,随ASPS剂量增加,作用效果显著增强（P〈0.05）。结论ASPS具有抑制氧化应激损伤诱导神经细胞凋亡作用,其机制与下调caspase-3mRNA的表达有关。

简介：目的探讨B超和吲哚菁绿血管造影（ICGA）在脑浅表动静脉畸形（AVMs）手术中的应用价值.方法回顾性分析自2009年1月至12月北京天坛医院神经外科血管组联合应用B超和ICGA辅助切除的16例脑浅表AVMs患者临床资料,同时分析2种术中辅助技术对AVMs定位、边界确定及血管类型鉴别的作用.结果术中联合应用ICGA和B超能有效帮助定位AVMs,确定其边界,帮助辨认供血动脉和引流静脉.16例脑浅表AVMs患者共行开颅手术16次,均全切病灶,手术后经DSA证实AVMs无残留.结论脑浅表AVMs手术中联合应用ICGA和B超能有效帮助准确切除病灶,判断有无畸形残留,具有较高的临床应用价值.

简介：Thismini-reviewpresentstheauthors'visiononthecurrentstatusandfuturetrendsinthedevelopmentofneuroprotectiveagentsworkingviaactivationofnuclearfactorerythroid2-relatedfactor2(Nrf2),andinparticular,viadisruptionofNrf2-Keaplinteraction.Therearetwoopposite'chemical'mechanismsunderlyingsuchactivation:thefirstoneisanon-specificcovalentmodificationofKeap1thiols,resultinginsideeffectsofvariedseverity,andthesecondoneistheshiftoftheNrf2-Kelch-likeECHassociatedprotein-1(Keap1)bindingequilibriuminthepresenceofacompetitiveandchemicallybenigndisplacementagent.Atthispoint,nodisplacementactivatorsexhibitsufficientbiologicalactivityincomparisonwithcommonNrf2activatorsworkingviaKeaplthiolmodification.Hence,thehopeintherapeuticsisnowlinkedtotheFDAapproveddimethylfumarate,whosederivative,monomethylfumarate,aswedemonstratedrecently,ismuchlesstoxicbutequallybiologicallypotentandanidealcandidateforclinicaltrialsrightnow.AnewlyemergingplayerisanuclearinhibitorofNrf2,BTBdomainandCNChomolog1(Bach1).ThecommerciallydevelopedBachlinhibitorsarecurrentlyunderinvestigationinourlaboratoryshowingpromisingresults.Inourviewpoint,theperfectfuturedrugwillpresentthecombinationofadisplacementactivatorandBachlinhibitortoinsuresafetyandefficiencyofNrf2activation.

简介：颅内原发性生殖细胞瘤好发于松果体区,而发生于基底节区较少见,临床上常诊断为基底节胶质瘤.该肿瘤多发生于儿童,早期诊断较为困难.近年来我科收治2例基底节区生殖细胞瘤,经治疗后效果满意.现报告如下.

简介：BACKGROUND:Nerveallograftrejectionisanunavoidableproblemfornerveallografts.Traumaticperipheralnerveinjuriesarecommonlyreconstructedusingautogenousnervegrafts.However,thisformofreconstructionislimitedbyinsufficientautologousnervesforlargegaprepairsandbymorbidityatthenervedonorsite.OBJECTIVE:ToexaminesciaticnerveregenerationandimmunetolerancereactionafterintragastricadministrationofultravioletB-irradiated(UVB)donorsplenocytes.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Acompleterandomizedgroupingdesignandcontrolledexperiment.TheexperimentswereconductedintheDepartmentofOrthopedics,theFirstAffiliatedHospitaltoShanxiMedicalUniversity,China,betweenMarchandOctober2007.MATERIALS:FourteenadultmaleSDratsandfourteenmaleWistarrats,weighing250–300g,wererandomlymatchedasdonorsandacceptors.AfurthersevenmaleSDrats(weight250–300g,age12–16weeks)wereusedfornerveisografts.ImmunepreparationsandtheEpicsXLflowcytometerwerepurchasedfromB-DCompany,USA.Acomputer-assistedelectromyographmachinewasprovidedbyKeypointP,DantelCompany,Denmark.METHODS:SplenocytesfromWistarratswereisolated,purified,andcultured,andthenirradiatedwithultravioletB.Inthefirstcontrolgroup(Group1),theSDratsreceivedasyngeneicSDnerveisograft.Inthesecondcontrolgroup(Group2),theSDratsreceivedanerveallograftfromWistarratswithoutpretreatment.Intheoral-tolerancetreatedgroup(Group3),theSDrecipientratswereinoculatedwith2.5×107LewisUVB-irradiateddonorsplenocytecellsbyintestinaltractadministrationatsevendaysbeforetransplantation.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:(1)Therecentendandthemiddleanddistalendofthetransplantednervewerecutat8and12weeksafteroperation.RecoveryofnerveregenerationwasmeasuredwithHEstainingusingthetotalnumber,density,anddiameterofthenervefibers.(2)ThelevelofCD25+Tlymphocytesinperipheralbloodwasdetec

简介：WithintheCNSnuclearfactor-kappaB(NF-κB)transcriptionfactorsareinvolvedinawiderangeoffunctionsbothinhomeostasisandinpathology.Overtheyears,ourandothergroupsproducedavastarrayofinformationonthecomplexinvolvementofNF-κBproteinsindifferentaspectsofpostnatalneurogenesisInparticular,severalextracellularsignalsandmembranereceptorshavebeenidentifiedasbeingabletoaffectneuralprogenitorcells(NPC)andtheirprogenyviaNF-κBactivation.AcrucialroleintheregulationofneuronalfatespecificationinadulthippocampalNPCisplayedbytheNF-κBp50subunit.NF-κBp50KOmicedisplayaremarkablereductioninadulthippocampalneurogenesiswhichcorrelateswithaselectivedefectinhippocampal-dependentshort-termmemory.MoreoverabsenceofNF-κBp50canprofoundlyaffecttheinvitroproneurogenicresponseofadulthippocampalNPC(ahNPC)toseveralendogenoussignalsanddrugs.HereinwebrieflyreviewthecurrentknowledgeonthepivotalroleofNF-κBp50intheregulationofadulthippocampalneurogenesis.InadditionwediscussmorerecentdatathatfurtherextendtherelevanceofNF-κBp50tonovelastroglia-derivedsignalswhichcaninfluenceneuronalspecificationofahNPCandtoastrocyte-NPCcross-talk.

简介：苯妥英(PHT)为临床上最常用的第一线抗癫痫药,但个体间对PHT代谢呈现较大差异.目前证实细胞色素氧化酶P450(CYP)2C9/19是体内参与PHT羟化的主要代谢酶.人群CYP2C9/19遗传基因呈多态性,从而引起对PHT代谢个体间较大差异,部分人群对PHT呈强代谢(EM),另一部分人群呈弱代谢(PM),了解这些知识对临床用药十分重要.本文试对该方面内容进行综述.

简介：由王保国教授和周建新教授主编的《实用呼吸机治疗学》（第2版）已于2005年10月由人民卫生出版社出版。

简介：1临床资料例1女患,42岁,以'双眼上睑下垂伴复视10日'入院,病前3日曾受凉及出现皮疹,查:神清语利,双睑下垂,双眼上视、下视、内收均受限,左眼外展见水平眼震,双瞳孔不等大,左:右=4.0:3.0mm,光反射存在,除右下肢腱反射略减弱外,余正常,头MRI示:中脑导水管处见异常长T2信号.

简介：目的利用RNA干扰（RNAinterference,RNAi）技术特定沉默胶质瘤U251细胞株的血小板源生长因子-B（PDGF-B）基因,观察其对U251细胞株细胞凋亡和增殖的影响。方法利用脂质体将针对PDGF-B基因的siRNA转染进入U251细胞,利用实时荧光定量多聚核苷酸链式反应（RTPCR）检测PDGF-B基因表达;Westernblot检测显示siRNA转染组PDGF-B蛋白表达,采用MTT法检测胶质瘤U251细胞的增殖,应用流式细胞计数观察抑制PDGF-B基因后胶质瘤U251细胞的凋亡情况。结果RT-PCR检测PDGF-B基因表达明显下降;Westernblot检测显示siRNA转染组PDGF-B蛋白表达明显抑制（抑制率〉60%）,MTT结果显示siRNA转染组U251细胞增殖较对照组明显降低;流式细胞学检测提示降低PDGF-B在胶质瘤细胞的表达能抑制胶质瘤细胞的有丝分裂,促进细胞的凋亡。结论构建针对胶质瘤细胞PDGF-B的RNA干扰质粒并转染人胶质瘤U251细胞株后,可明显抑制U251细胞株PDGF的表达,对人胶质瘤U251细胞株有明显的生长抑制和促进凋亡作用。

简介：目的研究神经肽B（NPB）在大鼠脑组织中的定位,探讨NPB与睡眠的关系。方法采用免疫荧光法测定NPB在除嗅球、垂体及小脑以外大鼠脑组织中的表达。结果及结论NPB不仅表达于于下丘脑腹内侧核、背内侧核、弓状核、视交叉上核和未定带腹侧区及中脑的腹侧被盖区,中缝背核,黑质等区域,还见于基底前脑的VDB和HDB;内、外侧苍白球,尾状核;丘脑网状核;脑干的中缝隐核、中缝核、前被盖核、横纹肌核、旁正中网状核、巨细胞网状核。

简介：目的探讨重组人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）对大鼠颅脑损伤后损伤脑组织核因子-κB（NF-κB）表达和血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平的影响。方法将90只雄性成年Wistar大鼠分为假损伤组、颅脑损伤组及rhEPO组。采用改进Feeney法制作大鼠颅脑损伤模型，rhEPO组伤后即刻腹腔注射rhEPO（3000IU／kg）；伤后3h、12h、24h、48h、72h、5d和7d免疫组织化学染色法检测NF-κB的表达、双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测血清TNF-α水平。结果伤后3h，损伤脑组织NF-κB表达明显升高，伤后24h达最高峰，随后其表达水平逐渐下降，至伤后7d仍明显升高（P〈0．05）；rhEPO治疗后，每个时间点损伤脑组织NF-κB表达水平均明显降低（P〈0.05）。伤后3h，血清TNF-α水平也明显升高，伤后12h迅速达到最高峰，随后其水平逐渐下降；伤后3d，其水平又再次升高，随后又逐渐下降，至伤后7d仍明显升高（P〈0．05）。rhEPO治疗后，每个时间点血清TNF-α水平均明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论NF-κB和TNF-α可能在颅脑损伤后的炎症反应中发挥重要作用，而rhEPO可能通过抑制NF-κB和TNF-α的表达而减少损伤脑组织的炎症反应，发挥脑保护作用。

简介：目的分析脑震荡患者血清S100B含量变化与认知功能损害的相关性,探讨血清S100B水平在脑震荡认知障碍预后判断中的意义.方法采用酶联免疫法分别测定126例脑震荡患者急诊入院后6h、12h和第3天的血清S100B浓度,并和同期轻型单纯脑外伤患者比较.脑震荡患者常规治疗后,于入院后第1天、第14天及3个月后进行简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）评估,将S100B浓度与MMSE评分进行相关性分析.结果入院6h、12h后脑震荡组患者血清S100B浓度均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.入院6h血清S100B浓度与各时段MMSE评分均具有相关性（P均＜0.05）;入院12h、第3天血清S100B浓度与各时段MMSE评分均无相关性（P均＞0.05）.结论脑震荡患者早期（6h）血清S100B含量异常升高,并与认知功能损害有明显相关性,可作为认知功能损害预后判断的重要指标.

简介：醒脑注射液即安宫牛黄丸注射液．本实验检测大鼠脑外伤模型使用醒脑注射液后的神经特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100B蛋白水平，评价其神经保护作用。

简介：BACKGROUND:ElectrophysiologycanprovetheintegrationofafferentinformationfromthestomachmeridianofFoot-Yangminginthenucleustractussolitarius(NTS)andobjectivelydescribethespecificassociationbetweenmeridianvesselsandZangFuorgans.OBJECTIVE:ToinvestigatetheeffectsofafferentinformationfromacupunctureatSibai(ST2)acupointonneuronaldischargeinratNTS.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Arandomized,controlled,animalexperimentwasperformedattheKeyLaboratoryofMeridian-VesselsandZangFuOrgans,TraditionalChineseMedicineUniversityofHunan,StateAdministrationofTraditionalChineseMedicine,andKeyLaboratoryofAcupuncture,Moxibustion,andtheBiologicalInformationofHunanHigherEducationInstitutes,betweenDecember2005andOctober2008.MATERIALS:Atotalof52SpragueDawleyrats,ofeithergender,aged4months,wereincludedinthisstudy.Acupunctureneedlesof0.32mm(diameter)×40mm(length)wereused.METHODS:Anextracellularrecordingprotocolwasapplied.TheSibai(ST2)acupointinthestomachmeridianofFoot-Yangmingwasusedasanacupuncturepoint(acupoint).Simultaneously,Dicang(ST4)andNetting(ST44)acupointsinthestomachmeridianofFoot-Yangming,Quanliao(SI18)acupointinthesmallintestinemeridianofHand-Taiyang,andanon-acupointlateraltoSibai(ST2)acupoint,wereselectedascontrols.TheSibai(ST2)acupointwasstimulatedfor30seconds,byhandacupuncturethroughtwirlingandrotating,todeterminetheneuronsrespondingtobodysurfacestimulationintheNTS.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:FrequencyofrespondingNTSneuronsafteracupunctureatfouracupointsincludingSibai(ST2),Dicang(ST4),Neiting(ST44)andQuanliao(SI18)andonenon-acupoint.RESULTS:ThefrequencyofrespondingNTSneuronswassignificantlyhigherafteracupunctureatSibaithanatcontrolsitesincludingtheDicang(ST4),Netting(ST44)andQuanliao(SI18)acupointsandatthenon-acupoint(P<0.01).ThefrequencyofrespondingNTSneuronsatDicang(ST4)andQuanliao(SI

简介：嗅神经母细胞瘤临床少见，文献报道较少，我院于2002年3月-2003年3月收治2例颅鼻沟通型嗅神经母细胞瘤（olfactoryneuroblastomas，ONB），结合文献报道如下。