简介：目的探讨GABRG2基因变异与内侧颞叶癫痫的关系。方法运用RT-PCR方法测定内侧颞叶癫痫致痫灶和其他类型癫痫病人手术切除脑组织内的GABRG2基因mRNA序列。结果全组共发现3处单核苷酸多态性，其中内侧颞叶癫痫组245G-A出现频率与对照组存在统计学差异。结论GABRG2基因突变极有可能在内侧颞叶癫痫的发病中起重要作用。

简介：BACKGROUND:Increasingevidencesuggestsoverlappedgeneticsusceptibilityacrosstraditionalclassificationsystemsthatdividedpsychoticdisordersintoschizophreniaoraffectivedisorder.OBJECTIVE:ThisstudyaimedtoexplorewhetherschizophreniaandaffectivedisordersharegeneticsusceptibilityinNOTCH4andGRIK2lociinapopulationofHanChinese.DESIGN:Repetitivemeasurements.SETTING:TheexperimentwascarriedoutatShanghaiMentalHealthCenterandHongkouMentalHealthCenterofShanghaibetweenJanuary2001andJune2004.PARTICIPANTS:Sixty-fivemixedpedigrees(sufferingfromvariousdiseases,incombinationwithschizophreniaandaffectivedisorder),composedof45completedtriosand20single-parentfamilies,wereselectedfromShanghaiMentalHealthCenterandHongkouMentalHealthCenterofShanghaibetweenJanuary2001andJune2004.ProbandsreceivedclinicaldiagnosisaccordingtoICD-10;anindependentclinicianusedidenticalcriteriatoreviewalldiagnoses.AllsubjectswereHanChineseinoriginandprovidedinformedconsent.Therewere65probandsand110parentsamongthesubjects.Theprobandscomprised30malesand35females:33withschizophrenia,32withaffectivedisorder,meanageof(30.9±9.8)years,meanageofonset(24.3±8.8)years,meanduration(6.6±7.0)years,andmeanageofparents(58.8±10.9)years.METHODS:DNAsamplesfromprobandsandtheirbiologicalparentswereextractedfromperipheralbloodaccordingtostandardmethods.Fourpolymorphisms,-1725T/Gand-25T/CinNOTCH4,rs6922753T/Candrs2227283G/AinGRIK2,wereamplifiedandgenotypedwithPCR-RFLPtechniques.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:AssociationbetweenNOTCH4,GRIK2polymorphism,andschizophreniawasanalyzedbytransmissiondisequilibriumtest(TDT).RESULTS:Sixty-fiveprobandsand110parentswereincludedintheresultanalysis,withnodropouts.Theresultsshowedthatthe-25T/CpolymorphismofNOTCH4associatedsignificantlywithaffectivedisorderand-1725G/-25Thaplotypewit

简介：目的探讨胚胎型后交通动脉及胚胎型大脑后动脉与“真正”后交通动脉瘤的形成关系,以及该类型破裂动脉瘤的介入治疗方法选择的可行性。方法回顾分析常熟市第二人民医院近期2例临床诊断为破裂后交通动脉瘤的临床资料;并检索万方医学网相关文献进行复习。结果2例患者的术前病史、急诊头颅CT为典型的破裂动脉瘤表现,CTA确诊左侧后交通动脉瘤,动脉瘤开口均位于后交通动脉上,且距颈内动脉后交通动脉结合部有一定距离,经术中DSA证实。综合动脉瘤情况选择单纯弹簧圈栓塞,治疗效果满意,术后反应轻,恢复快。结论“真正”后交通动脉瘤多合并胚胎型后交通动脉,合适病例选择介入栓塞治疗效果良好。

简介：短暂脑缺血发作(TIA)致偏身舞蹈症少见,现报道2例如下.

简介：Alzheimer’sdisease(AD)isoneofthemostdevastatingdiseasesaffectingthelifeandhealthofagingpopulation.TwohallmarksofADaresenileplaquesandneurofibrillarytangles,andADiswellknownforthemassivelossofneuronsandimpairedcognitivefunctionsespeciallymemoryloss.Despiteextensivesearchforeffectivetreatment,available

简介：目的:观察和评估2型糖尿病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(ObstructiveSleepApneaHypopneaSyndrom,OSAHS)患者使用持续气道正压通气(CoutinuousPositiveAirwayPressure,CPAP)治疗16周后临床疗效的变化。方法:选取2012年1月至2017年6月于煤炭总医院内分泌科确诊2型糖尿病患者合并有OSAHS的患者60例,按1∶1的比例随机分配到实验组A组(降糖药物联合无创呼吸机)、对照组B组(单纯使用降糖药物),每组30例。降糖治疗方式不限。并根据血糖检测值来调整降糖治疗方案。若有其他伴随疾病的用药,按原方案继续使用。睡眠监测采用便携式瑞思迈多导睡眠监测仪,型号:YH-1000,呼吸机采用瑞思迈ESCAPAUTO自动调压单水平呼吸机。呼吸机每日佩戴不少于6h,随访16周。比较2组患者空腹血糖(FastingBlood-glucose,FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2-hourPostprandialBloodSugar,2hPPG)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞功能HOME-β、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)达标的时间以及血脂四项、呼吸暂停低通气指数(Apnea-hypopneaIndex,AHI)、最低脉搏容积血氧饱和度(LSpO2%)、生命质量及对治疗满意度提高等变化情况。结果:2组患者血糖均得到良好控制(A组的血糖控制情况较B组更好)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂四项2组没有统计学差异(P>0.05);A组胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)较B组降低(P<0.001);A组的胰岛素功能指数(HOMA-β)、AHI、LSpO2%较B组有改善(P<0.001);A组HbA1c达标所需时间比B组短、问卷调查患者的生命质量及对治疗的满意度提高(P<0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病合并OSAHS患者进行CPAP治疗是有效、安全、简便、可行的。可以改善胰岛素抵抗,恢复胰岛细胞功能,缩短血糖达标所需时间,可以提高患者的生命质量及对治疗的满意度。

简介：在神经外科中，颅内肿瘤的切除，颅内血肿、脑出血的外科治疗，颅骨缺损的修补等均涉及开颅手术，而开颅手术后头部伤口的愈合情况可影响术后患者的恢复、住院时间、住院费用等，甚至影响到手术的成败。回顾我科收治的两例开颅术后头皮感染伴颅骨自溶的临床资料，就其原因及处理作分析、探讨。

简介：BACKGROUND:GenetherapyforParkinson'sdiseaseisbeingexploredasaneffectivestrategytorestoreandprotectthefunctionofneuronalcellsinthesubstantianigra.Regulationofgeneexpressionisnecessaryforgenetherapytoavoidadverseeffectsduetoexcessivesynthesisoftransgeneproducts.OBJECTIVE:Herewedevelopedrecombinantadeno-associatedvirus(AAV)asaviralvector-mediatedgeneregulationsystembasedonCrerecombinasefusedtothemutatedligand-bindingdomainoftheestrogenreceptor(CreERT2)+inducingagenttamoxifen.InducibleCrerecombinasewasusedtoreducetyrosinehydroxylasegeneexpressionandtopreventtheexcessiveincreaseindopamine.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Ageneticengineeringinvitrocomparativestudyandrandomizedcontrolledanimalexperiment.ThisstudywasconductedattheGeneTherapyCenter,JichiMedicalSchool,JapanfromJune2002toJune2004.METHODS:ToconstructarecombinantAAVvectorcarryingadopaminesynthasegene.ThetyrosinehydroxylasegenewasinsertedusingaloxPfragmentthatcouldberegulatedbyCrerecombinase.TherecombinantAAVvectorcarryingtheCreERT2genewasco-transducedwithHEK293cellsandthecorpusstriatuminaratmodelofParkinson'sdisease,withinducingagenttamoxifentoregulategeneexpression.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:ThelevelsofdopamineandaromaticL-aminoaciddecarboxylase(AADC)activityweredetectedinHEK293cellmediumandinthecorpusstriatuminaratmodelofParkinson'sdiseaseusinghigh-performanceliquidchromatography.ImmunofluorescencedoublestainingwasusedtoobservetyrosinehydroxylaseandCreorAADCco-expressioninHEK293cellmedium.ImmunohistochemicalstainingwasemployedtoobservetyrosinehydroxylaseandAADCexpressionandbehavioralchangesweremeasuredinParkinson'srats.RESULTS:TransfectedAAV-CreERT2andAAVexpressingdopaminesynthesisenzymescouldincreasethesynthesisofdopamineinHEK293mediumandParkinson'sratstriatum(P<0.01)andimprovetherotationalbehaviorofParkin

简介：MitochondrialK+-ATP(mito-KATP)channelsplayanimportantroleincellularfunctionandsurvivalfollowingischemicstress.Thepresentresultsrevealedthatinterventionwithdiazoxide,amito-KATPchannelopener,ledtoanincreaseinBcl-2expressioninthecerebralcortexofratssubjectedtocerebralischemiareperfusioninjury.Inaddition,theinterventionalsoledtoclearimprovementsinneuronalmitochondrialmorphologyandconsciousnesspost-injury.Glibenclamide,amito-KATPchannelblocker,exhibitedtheconverseeffects.Bothdiazoxideandglibenclamideexerteddose-dependenteffects(inparticular,at18mg/kgdiazoxideand25mg/kgglibenclamide).Thesefindingssuggestthatdiazoxideexertsaneuroprotectiveeffectoncerebralischemiareperfusioninjurybyopeningmito-KATPchannelsandupregulatingBcl-2expression.

简介：目的探讨偏头痛病人特异的脑血流变化.方法采用经颅多普勒超声技术结合过度换气试验对66例偏头痛病人进行检查,以评价病人脑血管的CO2反应性.结果过度换气后,偏头痛病人TCD各项指标的变化量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),表明其CO2反应性增高.结论增高的CO2反应性可能在偏头痛的发病中起作用,同时这种特异性的TCD变化也可以作为偏头痛的一项诊断指标.

简介：术中迟发性创伤性窦性出血导致恶性脑膨出,临床上较少见,术中出血凶猛、死亡率高[1]。在国内案例报道较多[2-3],但报道的病例基本上都是术前已经明确诊断,而在开颅术中发生恶性脑膨出,术中经CT检查证实为迟发性窦性出血的鲜有报道。我科收治两例患者,现报告如下。

简介：目的探讨下调或过表达FOXR2对脑胶质瘤细胞增殖能力的影响。方法以正常脑组织标本为模板,PCR法克隆FOXR2基因,并构建FOXR2过表达质粒;Westernblot法检测FOXR2在胶质瘤细胞系中的表达水平。用慢病毒系统构建稳定下调及过表达FOXR2的脑胶质瘤细胞株;CCK8实验检测下调或过表达FOXR2对胶质瘤细胞增殖速率的影响。结果成功克隆FOXR2基因;WB检测结果显示稳定下调FOXR2的U251细胞株及过表达FOXR2的U87细胞株构建成功。CCK8实验结果表明,与对照组相比,96h后下调FOXR2的胶质瘤细胞增殖速率减少45.13%;相反,过表达FOXR2后,胶质瘤细胞的增殖速率可增加43.98%。结论转录因子FOXR2可促进胶质瘤细胞的增殖。

简介：目的通过对荷瘤裸小鼠进行异种基质金属蛋白酶-2（c-MMP-2）DNA疫苗联合伽玛刀（γ-刀）治疗胶质瘤，观察二者的协同治疗作用，并对其作用机制进行初步探讨。方法制备纯化c-MMP-2DNA疫苗，裸鼠腋下注入大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞株1×10^6／只，建立裸鼠胶质瘤动物模型，待肿瘤长至约1cm（接种后第16d）开始治疗。γ-刀治疗以50％的等剂量曲线覆盖，边缘剂量13Gy；异种MMP-2DNA疫苗治疗组小鼠自荷瘤后次日开始后肢肌肉注射c-MMP-2DNA疫苗（1mg／ml），100μl／次，每周一次，连续4W。观察瘤体大小、测量肿瘤重量；免疫组化法测肿瘤组织微血管密度；末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的生物素脱氧尿嘧啶核苷酸缺口标记法（TUNEL）检测各组肿瘤细胞凋亡指数；HE染色观察重要器官组织坏死情况。结果异种MMP-2DNA疫苗联合γ-刀治疗胶质瘤能明显抑制肿瘤组织的生长，并延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期，与其他3组比较，联合治疗组免疫组化显示小鼠的肿瘤组织中微血管密度明显减少；TUNEL显示凋亡指数明显增多。结论c-MMP-2DNA疫苗联合γ-刀治疗能够抑制肿瘤生长、抑制肿瘤血管生成，二者的联合应用具有协同效应，是一种独特的抗肿瘤治疗途径。

简介：BACKGROUND:Previousstudieshaveshownthatthemitochondrialstructureandfunctionaredamagedinanimalmodelsofepilepsy.Inaddition,theBcl-2proteiniscapableofregulatingmitochondrialstability.OBJECTIVE:ToobserveandvalidatechangesinmitochondrialstructureandBcl-2expression,andtoanalyzethesecharacteristicsinthehippocampalCA3regionofratmodelsofepilepsy.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Thisrandomized,controlled,animalexperimentwasperformedattheLaboratoryofElectronMicroscopyandDepartmentofHistologyandEmbryology,LuzhouMedicalCollegebetween2007and2008.MATERIALS:CoriamyrtinwasprovidedbythePharmacyFactoryofWestChinaUniversityofMedicalSciences.TheprimaryandsecondaryantibodieswereprovidedbyZhongshanGoldenbridgeBiotechnology,Beijing.METHODS:Atotalof44adult,male,SpragueDawleyratswererandomlydividedintocontrol(n=11)andepilepsy(n=33)groups.Ratsintheepilepsygroupwereinducedbycoriamyrtin(50μg/kg),whichwasinjectedintothelateralventricles.Theratswerethenobservedat3,6,and24hoursafterepilepsyinduction,with11ratsateachtimepoint.Epilepsywasnotinducedinratsfromthecontrolgroup.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:PathologicalchangesinthehippocampalCA3regionwereobservedbylightmicroscopy;Bcl-2expressionwasanalyzedbyimmunohistochemistry;andmitochondrialchangesinthehippocampuswereobservedundertransmissionelectronmicroscopy.RESULTS:(1)ThecontrolgroupdisplayedverylittleBcl-2proteinexpressioninthehippocampalCA3region.However,after3hoursofepilepsy,expressionwasvisible.By6hours,expressionpeakedandthensubsequentlydecreasedafter24hours,butremainedhigherthanthecontrolgroup(P<0.05).(2)Mitochondriaweredamagedtovaryingdegreesintheepilepsygroups.Forexample,mitochondriaedema,cristaespaceincrease,anddisappearanceofmitochondriawereapparent.Moreover,mitochondrialdamageoccurredpriortopathologicalchangesintheneuronsandnucleolus.CONCLUSION:

简介：Inthisstudy,wesoughttoelucidatetheeffectsofmelatoninonlearningandmemoryaswellasapoptosisandexpressionoftheBaxorBcl-2proteinsinthesubgranularzoneofthedentategyrusinpinealectomizedrats.UsingtheMorriswatermazeandtheolfactorymemorytests,wefoundthattheaverageescapelatencyinpinealectomizedratswasclearlyincreasedcomparedwithsham-operatedrats.Moreover,theaverageescapelatencyinthemelatonin-treatedandpinealectomizedratswaslongerthanthatinthesham-operatedratsandshorterthanthatinthepinealectomizedanduntreatedrats.Immunohistochemistryandterminal-deoxynucleoitidyltransferasemediatednickendlabeling(TUNEL)showedthattherewerefewerBaximmunoreactivecellsandTUNEL-positive(apoptotic)cellsbutmoreBcl-2immunoreactivecellsinthemelatonin-treatedratscomparedwiththepinealectomizedrats.Thesham-operatedratsshowednumbersofthesecellssimilartothemelatonin-treatedrats.TheseexperimentalfindingsdemonstratethatmelatonintreatmentmayreduceabnormalapoptosisbypromotinggeneexpressionofBaxandsuppressinggeneexpressionofBcl-2inthesubgranularzoneofthedentategyrusinpinealectomizedrats.Theseeffectsappeartoresultintheinhibitionofcellularapoptosisandtheimprovementofspatiallearningandmemoryinpinealectomizedrats.

简介：目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）及抑癌基因PTEN在人脑星形瘤中的表达及二者与人脑星形细胞瘤侵袭性的关系。方法用免疫组织化学SABC法检测50例人脑星形细胞瘤组织和10例正常人脑组织中的MMP-2和PTEN蛋白的表达,并且分析二者与人脑星形细胞瘤临床病理分级的关系。结果MMP-2和PTEN在低度恶性星形细胞瘤和高度恶性星形细胞瘤组织中表达差别有统计学意义（p〈0.05）。随着星形细胞瘤恶性度增高,MMP-2的表达强度呈上升趋势而PTEN表达强度逐渐下降;Spearman等级相关分析表明人脑星形细胞瘤中MMP-2和PTEN之间呈负相关（Rs=-0.518,P〈0.01）。结论MMP-2和PTEN是人脑星形细胞瘤分化程度和转移的潜在生物学指标,联合检测MMP-2和PTEN更有利于判断星形细胞瘤生物学行为和病理分级。

简介：目的探讨以最近发展起来的核转染技术直接将编码绿色荧光蛋白DNA质粒转染到兔原代骨髓基质细胞的细胞核内进行基因修饰的可行性。方法从兔股骨抽取骨髓，密度梯度离心法获取原代骨髓基质细胞。以Nucleolector^TM技术转染pEGFP-C2（EGFP组），以同期培养未转染的细胞作为对照组。测定细胞的活力、贴壁率、生长曲线以及转染的效率。结果在转染后24h成功发现EGFP的表达。两组细胞具有相似的形态学变化、贴壁率以及生长曲线。EGFP的表达逐渐增强，至第6天达到最高峰（47．8％），观察一个月未发现表达减弱。结论pEGFP-C2基因核转染对兔原代骨髓基质细胞的体外增殖无明显影响；EGFP可以作为兔骨髓基质细胞有效的基因表达标记；Nucleofector^TM技术是一种简易而高效的转染兔原代骨髓基质细胞的方法。

简介：颅内动脉瘤（intracranialaneurysm，IA）破裂出血是引起蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoidhemorrhage，SAH）最主要原因，约占SAH的70％～90％，临床病情严重，致残率致死率极高。对于脑动脉瘤的家族性特点，芬兰和日本报道较多，国内也有个别的报道。而一家系均为多发动脉瘤未见报道，现将一家系2例报告如下。

简介：目的：探讨健康教育干预对门诊2型糖尿病患者防治效果的影响。方法：把在门诊确诊的60例2型糖尿病患者随机分为2组：对对照组（30例）进行常规治疗及护理;对干预组（30例）采用多种形式的健康教育方法指导。对入选患者连续观察1年,并进行相应项目的随访。结果：干预组糖尿病自我管理能力有显著提高（P〈0.05）,血糖的控制显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：健康教育干预方法可以提高门诊2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病自我管理水平,利于血糖目标和BMI的控制。

简介：1病例资料病例1：男，59岁。因左侧额顶硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术后2个月伴头痛伴发热3d入院。人院时体格检查：神经系统未见阳性体征，头部手术切口愈合佳。头部MRI示左侧额顶部硬膜下新月形短／稍长T1、不均匀长R混杂信号影，增强见柔脑膜增厚强化，中线结构无明显偏移（图1A、1B）。血常规示白细胞正常范围，中性粒细胞占74％。