简介:采用化学平衡模拟软件GEMS预测了锌湿法冶金过程中涉及的锌在Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-H2O和Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O体系中的溶解度,并构建了其含锌物种分布图和优势区图。采用平衡实验方法测定了相同条件下锌的溶解度,其结果与预测结果相吻合。含锌物种的分布图和优势区图表明,在弱碱性条件下,2个体系均为以锌氨和羟基锌氨配合物为溶液的主要物种,其中Zn(NH3)24-为主要优势物种;在Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O体系中,锌氨氯三元配合物的形成能有效增大锌在中性条件下的溶解度,在该体系中存在Zn(OH)2、Zn(OH)1.6Cl0.4和Zn(NH3)2Cl23种固相,固相产物的形成取决于体系中总锌、总氨和总氯浓度。这些热力学平衡图表明了体系中各种物种之间的相互影响作用,并预测了总氨和总氯浓度的变化对锌溶解度的影响,为锌湿法冶金提供了热力学数据。
简介:TheprocesstoobtainhighT(110K)phasequickly,themicrostructureandpropertiesofAg-sheathedBi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-Osuperconductortapeshavebeenstudied.ItwasfoundthattheformationtimeofthehighTcphasewasgreatlyshortenedbytheadditionofmoreCaandCutothenominalcompositionofBi(Pb):Sr:Ca:Cu=2:2:2:3andtheadoptionofappropriatesinteringtemperatureandcoolingrate.SuperconductorpowderwithpredominanthighT,phasewaspreparedaftera840C/50htreatment.TheJoftheAg-sheathedtapesandthemagneticfielddependenceofJwereobviouslyimprovedbyrepeatedlypres-singandsintering.Themaximumtransportcurrentdensityat77Kinazeromagneticfieldwas12,200A/cm2.ThemagneticdependenceofJwassummarizedasfollows:6.450A/cm2(B⊥1.B∥S.0.1T)1,810A/cm2(B⊥1.B∥S,1T),390A/cm2(B⊥1.B∥S,2T)(B:magneticfield.1:electriccurrent.S:surfaceoftapes).TheimprovementofJwasattributedtotheformationoftheplate-likestructurewithhomogeneouscompositiondistributionandthestrongc-axistexture.
简介:TheelectronicstructuresofspinelMgAl2O4andMgOtunnelbarriermaterialswereinvestigatedusingfirst-principlesdensityfunctionaltheorycalculations.OurresultsshowthatsimilarelectronicstructuresarefoundfortheMgAl2O4andMgOtunnelingbarriers.ThecalculateddirectenergygapsattheΓ-pointareabout5.10eVforMgAl2O4and4.81eVforMgO,respectively.BecauseofthesimilarfeatureinbandstructuresfromΓhigh-symmetrypointtoFpoint(△band),thecoherenttunnelingeffectmightbeexpectedtoappearinMgAl2O4-basedMTJslikeinMgO-basedMTJs.ThesmalldifferenceofthesurfacefreeenergiesofFe(2.9J.m-2)andMgAl2O4(2.27J·m-2)onthe{100}orientation,andthesmallerlatticemismatchbetweenMgAl2O4andferromagneticelectrodesthanthatbetweenMgOandferromagneticelectrodes,thespinelMgAl2O4cansubstituteMgOtofabricatethecoherenttunnelingandchemicallystablemagnetictunneljunctionstructures,whichwillbeappliedinthenextgenerationreadheadsorspintronicdevices.
简介:Anewenvironmentalfriendlycatalyst,H4SiW12O40/PAnwaspreparedandidentifiedbymeansofFT-IR,XRDandTG/DTA.Cyclohexanone1,2-propanediolketalwassynthesizedfromcyclohexanoneand1,2-propanediolinthepresenceofH4SiW12O40/PAn.Thefactorsinfluencingthesynthesiswerediscussedandthebestconditionswerefoundout.Theoptimumconditionsare:molarratioofcyclohexanoneto1,2-propanediolis1:1.4,thequantityofcatalystisequalto1.0%offeedstocks,andthereactiontimeis40min.H4SiW12O40/PAnisanexcellentcatalystforsynthesizingcyclohexanone1,2-propanediolketalanditsyieldcanreachover96.5%.
简介:Au/-Al2O3催化剂被免职降水方法为低集中白酒溪流(甲醇,乙醇,iso-propanol和n-propanol)的催化燃烧作好准备。催化剂被X光检查光电子描绘光谱学(XPS),X光检查diffractometry(XRD)和精力散X光检查微分析(版本)技术。XPS结果证明仅仅催化剂的表面上有Au0。XRD模式证明Au高度大概在-Al2O3上被驱散。为有2.0g/m3的集中的甲醇,乙醇,iso-propanol和n-propanol的完全的变换的温度是60,155,170和137?,分别地但是他们完全在60,220,260和217点被使矿物化进CO2和H2O吗?分别地在优化催化剂上。催化剂的活动在130h是稳定的。为催化甲醇消除的动力学跟随了伪--首先订表示为r=0.6528c0+0.084的反应2。明显的激活精力的价值是在反应温度的范围的54.7kJ/mol。
简介:TheeffectofyttriaonthesolidreactionmechanismofaCaHPO4·2H2O+CaCO3systematdifferenttemperatureswasexperimentallystud-ied.Thesampleswithandwithoutyttriaweresubjectedtothermogravimetric/differentialscanningcalorimetrymeasurement.ThesampleswereheattreatedatthetemperaturescorrespondingtothepeaksontheDSCspectra,andtheresultedphasecompositionswereidentifiedbyX-raydiffraction.Thetransformationmechanismwasdeducedbycomparingthephasesobtainedatdifferenttemperatures.Theresultsshowthatthetransformationsatbelow1073Karenotaffectedbyyttria,butallthoseatabove1073Karecompletelyaltered.Theformationtem-peratureofhydroxyapatitedecreasesby134K,andthedecompositiontemperatureincreasesby38K.ThepolymorphoustransformationofCa3(PO4)2fromβphasetoαphaseincreasesby47K.Thethermodynamicpropertiesofthetransformationsatabove1073Karealsomodi-fiedbytheadditionofyttria;thatis,theendothermalpeaksaresubstitutedbyexothermalpeaks.
简介:在氩气气氛下,将Ag2O与石墨通过机械活化或热还原反应生成Ag,对其等温还原过程的动力学进行研究。结果表明,采用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami模型能合理地解释Ag2O与石墨经机械活化和热还原合成Ag的过程。采用相同的模型来研究机械活化和热还原反应合成Ag的动力学时,机械活化还原过程中的Avrami指数比热还原的要高;热还原和机械活化过程中的晶核长大机制分别是扩散控制和界面控制。
简介:利用高频辅助激光熔覆技术在镍基合金上制备Al2O3-13%TiO2(质量分数)陶瓷涂层。采用SEM、XRD和EDS等方法分析陶瓷涂层的微观结构和陶瓷层与粘结层之间的结合界面。结果表明:陶瓷层出现了完全熔化区和液相烧结区双层结构,其中,完全熔化区颗粒充分烧结长大,而液相烧结区则出现了三维网状结构,该三维网状结构由熔化的TiO2相包裹Al2O3颗粒形成。通过激光熔覆作用下的粉末熔化和扁平化行为解释双层结构形成机理。同时,在陶瓷层与粘结层的结合界面上发现具有尖晶石结构的NiAl2O4和针状结构的Cr2O3,证明在激光熔覆过程中发生的化学反应可以有效增加陶瓷层与粘结层的结合强度。
简介:Anewseriesofrareearthcompounds,Y2-xErxMo4O15(x=0.0-2.0),weresynthesizedandtheirstructuresweredeterminedbypowderX-raydiffraction(XRD).RietveldanalysisofXRDpatternsrevealsthatthecompoundsofthisseriescrystallizeinmonoclinicsystemwithspacegroupP21/c.Thelatticeparametersa,b,c,βandtheunitcellvolumeVde-creaselinearlywithincreasingErcontent.Thethermalexpansionpropertiesofthesecompoundswerestudiedunderhigh-temperatureXRD.PositivethermalexpansionsofcompoundsY2-xErxMo4O15arefoundtobeanisotropicalongthethreecrystallographicdirectionswhereaandcaxesexpandwhilebaxiscontractsinthewholetemperaturerange.Byanalysisofdata,theexpansionofweakbandMo2-O14withrisingtemperatureshouldberesponsibleforpositivethermalexpansion.
简介:ThelongafterglowSrAl2O4:Dy,Euphosphorisliabletohydrolyzeinwaterwithdeteriorationoftheluminescentproperty.SrAl2O4:Dy,Euphosphorswerethereforeheatedat60-90℃inTEOSsoltoformasurfacegelandthenheat-treatedat400℃toobtainSiO2coatedphosphors.ObservationbyTransmissionElectronMicroscope(TEM)andX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS)showsthatathinsilicafilmformsonthesurfaceofthephosphors.Thecoatingprocedurecanbeillustratedbyafour-stepprocessandthetransparentsilicafilmcansuppressthehydrolysisprocess,sothattheluminescentpropertiesofthephosphorsareunimpairedorevenbetter.
简介:TiO2nanoparticleswithdifferentphasesarepreparedbyhydrolysisoftitaniumtetrabutoxideinthepresenceofHCl.ThecompositionandmicrostructureoftheresultingsamplesarestudiedbyXRDandTEM.TheseresultsshowthattherangeofparticlesizeofTiO2isfrom20to30nm.ThemechanismofTiO2photocatalysisreactionhasbeendiscussedextensively.PhotocatalyticactivitiesofnanometerTiO2arealsoevaluatedbydegradationofthecrystalvioletsolution.ExperimentalresultsindicatethatthesynergisticactionofH2O2andultrasonicwavegreatlyenhancesphoto-catalyticreactionofTiO2.
简介:通过湿法球磨制备CoFe2O4-BaTiO3颗粒复合材料,研究材料成分和调制频率与电磁效应的关系。结果表明:电磁效应系数随着调制频率由400Hz增加到1000Hz而增加。由于CoFe2O4的电导率在400-1000Hz范围内对频率敏感,电磁效应的曲线特性而发生改变。在烧结过程中形成第三相Ba2Fe2O5,从而导致电磁效应的下降。
简介:通过水热法成功合成Co3O4/CuO复合物,并探索十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)对其形貌和性能的影响。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和氮气吸附-脱附测试表征其微观结构和表面形貌。采用循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗测试等方法研究样品的电化学性能。结果表明,多孔Co3O4/CuO-CTAB纳米片具有最好的电化学性能,在电流密度1A/g下的比容量达398F/g,而在10A/g时其比容量仍能保持90%。此外,该复合物具有很好的循环稳定性,在2000次循环后容量几乎没有衰减。
简介:有不同Y_2O_3内容的基于钴的合金被扔用血浆的onQ235A碳钢转移了焊接机器的弧(PTA)。微观结构上的Y_2O_3的效果并且穿基于钴的合金的抵抗性质用一台光显微镜,一台扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X光检查衍射(XRD),和传播电子被调查显微镜学(TEM)。有face-centeredcubic晶体结构的一个基于钴的稳固的答案被介绍,这被发现在Y_2O_3免费的基于钴的合金涂层与六角形的晶体结构由第二等的阶段M_7C_3伴随了。几叠差错在基于钴的稳固的答案存在。Y_2O_3的增加在修改Y_2O_3的涂层导致Y_2O_3阶段的存在。尽管叠差错在修改Y_2O_3的涂层存在,它的密度增加。Y_2O_3的增加能精制微观结构并且当它的内容小于等于0.8wt.%时,能增加wear抵抗性质。然而,它的内容的另外的增加将在γ-Cograin边界导致undissolvedY_2O_3粒子的凝块,并且将导致粗糙的微观结构并且降低穿抵抗性质。