简介：Inthelastdecadestheinterestinthebiomassgasificationprocesshasincreasedduetothegrowingattentiontotheuseofsustainableenergy.Biomassisarenewableenergysourceandrepresentsavalidalternativetofossilfuels.Gasificationisthethermochemicalconversionofanorganicmaterialintoavaluablegaseousproduct,calledsyngas,andasolidproduct,calledchar.Thebiomassgasificationrepresentsanefficientprocessfortheproductionofpowerandheatandtheproductionofhydrogenandsecond-generationbiofuels.Thispaperdealswiththestateoftheartbiomassgasificationtechnologies,evaluatingadvantagesanddisadvantages,thepotentialuseofthesyngasandtheapplicationofthebiomassgasification.Syngascleaningthoughfundamentaltoevaluateanygasificationtechnologyisnotincludedinthispapersince;intheauthors'opinion,adedicatedreviewisnecessary.

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简介：这篇文章作为分离设备处理与有磁力地稳定的床(MSB)的实现相关的问题。讨论的主要问题是：床力学，床结构，创造可控制的过滤器媒介的可能性，等等。作为例子，几种分离技术被讨论：灰尘filtrationmagnetic并且无磁性，离子交换，铜硬化，从生物液体的酵母过滤，由密度和磁性的粒子分离，危险浪费移动。仅仅关键的出版物将被引用为进一步的读物和学习和相关信息提供一个基础。

简介：Wereviewthestateoftheartandourperspectivesonsiliconandhybridsiliconphotonicdevicesforopticalinterconnectsindatacenters.Afterabriefdiscussionofthekeyrequirementsforintra-datacenteropticalinterconnects,weproposeawavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM)-basedopticalinterconnectforintra-datacenterapplications.Followingourproposedinterconnectsconfiguration,thebulkofthereviewemphasizesrecentdevelopmentsconcerningon-chiphybridsiliconmicrolasersandWDMtransmitters,andsiliconphotonicswitchfabricsforintra-datacenters.ForhybridsiliconmicrolasersandWDMtransmitters,weoutlinetheremainingchallengesandkeyissuestowardrealizinglowpowerconsumption,directmodulation,andintegrationofmultiwavelengthmicrolaserarrays.Forsiliconphotonicswitchfabrics,wereviewvarioustopologiesandconfigurationsofhigh-port-countN-by-NswitchfabricsusingMach–Zehnderinterferometersandmicroringresonatorsasswitchelements,anddiscusstheirprospectstowardpracticalimplementationswithactivereconfiguration.Forthemicroring-basedswitchfabrics,wereviewrecentdevelopmentsofactivestabilizationschemesatthesubsystemlevel.Last,weoutlineseverallargechallengesandproblemsforsiliconandhybridsiliconphotonicstomeetforintra-datacenterapplicationsandproposepotentialsolutions.