简介：Theseparating/reattachingflowoveranaxisymmetricbackward-facingstepisanalyzedexperimentallybymeansofparticleimagevelocimetry(PIV).ThemainpurposeofthemeasurementsistheinvestigationofthemeanflowfieldaswellasoftheReynoldsstressdistributionsataMachnumberof0.7andataReynoldsnumberof3.3x10~5basedonthestepheight.Duetothestrongprogressofopticalflowmeasurementsinthelastyearsitwaspossibletoresolveallflowscalesdownto180μm(≈1%ofthestepheight)withhighprecision.ThankstothehighspatialresolutionitwasfoundforthefirsttimethattheReynoldsstressdistributionfeaturesalocalminimumbetweenthefirstpartoftheshearlayerandaregioninsidetherecirculationregion.Thisimpliesamorecomplexwakedynamicsthanassumedbefore.

简介：Itisshownthatorbitalangularmomentum(OAM)isapromisingnewresourceinfutureclassicalandquantumcommunications.However,theseparationofOAMmodesisstillabigchallenge.Inthispaper,weproposeasimpleandefficientseparationmethodwitharadialvaryingphase.Inthemethod,specificradialvaryingphasesaredesignedandmodulatedfordifferentOAMmodes.Theresultantbeamisfocusedtothespotswithdifferenthorizontalandverticalpositionsafteraconvexlens,whenthecoordinatetransformation,includingtwoopticalelementswithcoordinatetransformationphaseandcorrectphase,operatesonthereceivedbeam.Thehorizontalpositionofthespotisdeterminedbythevortexphases,andtheverticalpositionofthespotisdependentontheradialvaryingphases.ThesimulationandexperimentalresultsshowthattheproposedmethodisfeasiblebothforseparationoftwoOAMmodesandseparationofthreeOAMmodes.TheproposedseparationmethodisavailableinprincipleforanyneighboringOAMmodesbecausetheradialvaryingphaseiscontrolled.Additionally,noextrainstrumentsareintroduced,andthereisnodiffractionandnarrowingprocesslimitationfortheseparation.

简介：Inthispaper,itwasdiscoveredthatanovelpH-sensitivecopolymerofN-isopropylacrylamide(NIP)andN-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)methacrylamide(DMAPM)couldbegottenbypolymerization.ThephasetransitionpH(pHtr)ofP(NIP-DMAPM)polymerwasfoundtobe7.4at37℃.ThepolymerwasprecipitatedoutofwateraboveacriticalpH=7.4andre-dissolvedbelowpH----7.4.Thecharacteristicofthispolymermadeitpossibletocarryouttheimmunochemicalstepsofanimmunoassayinatruesolutionandthentoquicklyseparatetheresultingproductfromthereactionmixture.Inacompetitivefluorescenceimmunoassay,thestandardrabbitIgGandrabbitIgGimmobilizedonP(NIP-DMAPM)firstcompetitivelyreactedwiththefluoresceinisothiocyanate(FITC)labeledantibody,thenthepHofsolutionwasadjustedabovethepHtrofpolymertoprecipitatethepolymer-immunecomplex,andthepolymer-immunecomplexprecipitatewasseparatedandre-dissolvedbytheadjustmentofpH,finallytheFITC-labeledantibodyintheimmunecomplexwasquantifiedbyfluorescencemeasurement.ThecalibrationgraphforrabbitIgGwaslinearovertherangeof100-1000ng/mLwithadetectionlimitof11ng/mL.Themethodisrapid,sensitiveandsimple.OwingtoneutralpHtrofP(NIP-DMAPM),thedamagetoantigen-antibodyimmunecomplexwasgreatlydecreasedinthecourseofseparation.Inaddition,asandwichenzyme-linkedfluorescenceimmunoassaymethodforthedeterminationofhumanIgGwasalsodeveloped,showingthatthepH-sensitivephaseseparatingimmunoassaycouldbeperformedinthecompetitivemethodaswellasthesandwichmethod.

简介：器官的多微孔的材料通过在pentaerythritol或pentaerythritoltetrathiol和cyclohexa-1,4-dione衍生物的不同类型之间的1,3-dioxol-forming聚合反应基于spiroketal和spirothioketal聚合物被综合。准备聚合物的结构被NMR光谱学和分子的集体大小证实。准备聚合物的氮吸附/解吸附作用等温线显示出在显示microporosity的低相对压力吸附的大量氮。这些聚合物从492在范围有BrunauerEmmitt和出纳(赌注)表面区域(m2g?1)到685(m2g?1)。准备聚合物被发现为有直到12.5的一个分离因素的甲醇甲苯混合的pervaporation分离有用，在6.7之间变化并且流动#

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