简介:研究环境内分泌干扰物4-硝基酚(4-nitrophenol,PNP)对大鼠肝脏功能的毒性作用及其对核因子相关因子-2(Nrf2)通路的影响。20只SD雄性大鼠随机分成4个组,分别为对照组、1、10和100mg·kg-1体重PNP处理组,连续皮下注射28d,检测肝脏的结构变化、氧化损伤和Nrf2及其相关基因的表达情况。结果表明,与对照组相比,100mg·kg^-1PNP处理组大鼠的血清肝功能主要指标ALT、AST、AKP活性和TBIL含量显著性升高(p〈0.05),100mg·kg^-1组肝脏GSH-PX、CAT和SOD活性显著性降低(p〈0.05),大鼠肝脏中Nrf2及其下游基因NQO1和HO-1mRNA表达水平在1mg·kg^-1组显著升高(p〈0.05),10、100mg·kg^-1组有升高趋势,100mg·kg^-1组肝脏显微和超微结构都发现有不同程度的损伤。结果提示,皮下注射1mg·kg-1PNP引起了大鼠肝脏氧化损伤,机体可能通过提高Nrf2及其相关基因mRNA的表达水平来抵抗PNP引起的肝脏损伤,皮下注射100mg·kg^-1PNP改变了肝脏的正常生理功能,造成肝细胞超微结构病理损伤,引起肝脏毒性。
简介:介绍了DirectShow技术,并用该技术实现了一个基于MPEG-4的网络视频监控系统,包括多媒体数据的捕捉、解码、回放、定位等功能.基于DirectShow框架的构建方式极大地简化了复杂的多媒体程序的开发,同时实现了视频监控系统对实时性和清晰度可调的要求,为MPEG-4应用提供了一套完整的解决方案.
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简介:为探讨纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对细胞DNA损伤作用的差别,采用不同浓度的纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末(0、100、200、400μg·mL^-1)对Hela细胞进行染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳(彗星实验)检测Hela细胞的损伤效应.结果表明,与对照组相比,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2各染毒组细胞尾部DNA百分率(TailDNA%)和尾矩(TailMoment)均显著增加(p〈0.01);同一浓度下,纳米MnO2组细胞尾部DNA百分率和尾矩显著高于常规MnO2组(p〈0.01).以上结果表明,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2粉末均能导致Hela细胞DNA损伤,且纳米MnO2的损伤作用强于常规MnO2.
简介:针对数字网络视频监撞系统的索求,研制了一种基于MPEG-4网络视频服务器.采用ATglRM9200芯片作为嵌入式CPU芯片,GO7007SB芯片作为MPEG-4硬件压缩芯片.从系统的硬件设计和软件设计2部分介绍了系统的音视频采集、压缩、存储、传愉及系统拉制等方面设计.实验证明,该系统性能德定、使用灵活,在视频监控、视频会议等各个领城中将会有广泛的应用前景.
简介:Globalclimatechangeisoneofthemajorenvironmentalissuesfacedbyhumans.Existingevidenceindicatesthattheanthropogenicpushforariseintheatmosphericconcentrationofgreenhousegases(GHGs)(particularlyCO2)hasbeenaprimarycauseforglobalwarming.Asidefromeconomicandteclinologicalfactors,demographicdynamics(includinghumanconsumptioninabroaddemographicsense)hasbeenamajordriverforCO2emissions.Inthispaper,weperformedbothnonlinearregressionanalysis(basedontheSTIRPATmodel)andgraycorrelationdegreeanalysis(basedongraysystemtheory)ontheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions.OurresultsrevealthatCO2emissionsarepositivelycorrelatedwithpopulationsizeandGDPpercapitaandnegativelycorrelatedwithenergyintensity.WealsoshowthatgraycorrelationdegreewithCO2emissionsforfivevariables(i.e.,householdconsumption,urbanizationrate,householdsize,populationagingrate,populationsize)variessubstantially:householdconsumption>urbanizationrate>householdsize>populationagingrate>populationsize,withhouseholdconsumptionbeingthehighest,andpopulationsizethelowest.TomitigatetheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions,itisofvitalsignificancetonurturepeople’sawarenessofsustainableconsumptionandtoadheretocurrentpopulationcontrolpolicies.
简介:HouseholdconsumptionisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatinduceCO2emission.Basedoninput-outputmodel,thisarticlecalculatedtheintensityofCO2emissionofdifferentincomegroupsandsevenprovincesinChina,andthenestimatedtotalCO2emissioninducedbyurbanhouseholdconsumptionfrom1995to2004inChinabasedonstatisticdataofhouseholdlivingexpenditure.TheresultsshowthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionhadincreasedfrom1583to2498kgCO2during1995-2004.Theratioofconsumption-inducedCO2emissiontototalCO2emissionhadrisenfrom19%to30%inthepastdecade.IndirectCO2emissionaccountedforanimportantpartoftheconsumption-inducedemission,theratioofindirectemissiontoconsumption-inducedemissionhadrisenfrom69%to79%duringthesameperiod.Asignificantdifferenceinconsumption-inducedCO2emissionacrossdifferentincomegroupsanddifferentregionshasbeenobserved.CO2emissionpercapitaofhigherincomegroupsanddevelopedregionsincreasedfasterthanthatoflowerincomegroupsanddevelopingregions.ChanginglifestylehasdrivensignificantincreaseinCO2emission.Especially,increasesinprivatetransportexpenditure(forexample,vehicleexpenditure)andhousebuildingexpenditurearekeydrivingfactorsofgrowthinconsumption-inducedCO2emission.TherearebigdifferencesintheamountofCO2emissioninducedbychangeinlifestyleacrossdifferentincomegroupsandprovinces.Itcanbeexpectedthatlowerincomehouseholdsanddevelopingregionswillincreaseconsumptiontoimprovetheirlivingswithincomegrowthinthefuture,whichmayinducemuchmoreCO2emission.AreasonablelevelofCO2emissionisnecessarytosatisfyhumanneedsandtoimprovelivingstandard,butanoticeablefactisthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionindevelopedareasofChinahadreachedaquitehighlevel.Adjustmentinlifestyletowardsalow-carbonsocietyisinurgentneed.
简介:分析了4种常见的喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)对发光菌(Photobacteriumphosphoreum)的单一毒性和等毒性比例下的联合毒性作用,基于毒性单位法(TU)、相加指数法(AI)和混合毒性指数法(MTI)评价混合体系联合毒性的作用类型。加替沙星、洛美沙星、左氧氟沙星和诺氟沙星4种喹诺酮类医药品对发光菌的半数效应浓度(EC50)分别为:0.084×10^-3、0.137×10^-3、0.129×10^-3和0.151×10^-3mol·L^-1。不同的评价方法对4种QNs的联合效应评价结果具有较好的一致性,多元混合体系呈现为不同程度的拮抗作用。结合分子结构特征和不同取代基相互作用,初步分析了联合毒性机理,进一步的毒性作用机制还需通过对生物生理生化反应等进行深入研究。本研究多种QNs混合体系呈现拮抗作用为主,揭示了此类医药品在环境中的联合使用可能导致药效降低以及微生物耐药性的产生和传播。
简介:为探究并比较淡水鱼种日本青鳉早期发育阶段对Cu2+和Cd2+等重金属胁迫的响应,在实验室通过半静态方式,对日本青鳉受精卵和仔稚鱼分别进行了48h和96h急性毒性实验。结果表明:Cu2+对日本青鳉胚胎24、48h-LC_(50)分别为8.164mg·L(-1)和6.965mg·L(-1);Cd2+对日本青鳉胚胎24、48h-LC_(50)分别为63.084mg·L(-1)和53.093mg·L(-1);较低浓度组Cu(2+)(≤1.97mg·L(-1))时日本青鳉胚胎的发育速率快于对照组,而较高浓度组(≥3.87mg·L(-1))胚胎的发育速率则慢于对照组;与Cu(2+)略有不同,无论浓度高低Cd(2+)对胚胎的孵化速率均产生抑制作用;Cu(2+)和Cd(2+)质量浓度分别高于1.97mg·L(-1)和19.68mg·L(-1)时,两种重金属离子均显著降低胚胎的孵化率(P〈0.05)。Cu(2+)对日本青鳉初孵仔鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_(50)分别为5.361mg·L(-1)、2.844mg·L(-1)、2.020mg·L(-1)和1.352mg·L(-1);Cd(2+)对日本青鳉初孵仔鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_(50)分别为15.907mg·L(-1)、10.550mg·L(-1)、7.986mg·L(-1)和6.346mg·L(-1);Cu(2+)对日本青鳉稚鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_(50)分别为5.732mg·L(-1)、4.037mg·L(-1)、2.498mg·L(-1)和1.955mg·L(-1);Cd(2+)对日本青鳉稚鱼的24、48、72和96h-LC_(50)分别为16.419mg·L(-1)、11.745mg·L(-1)、8.516mg·L(-1)和6.776mg·L(-1)。与其它淡水水生生物相比,日本青鳉仔稚鱼对铜和镉离子较为敏感。
简介:AftertheKyotoProtocolwasimplemented,carbonleakageexertsgreatinfluencesoninternationaltradeandeconomy.Tradecreatesamechanismforconsumerstoshiftenvironmentalpollutionassociatedwiththeirconsumptiontoothercountries.ChinahasovertakentheU.S.astheworld'sbiggestCO2emittersince2006.AsChina'ssecondlargesttradepartner,theU.S.hasthebiggesttradedeficitwithChinawhichhasarousedalotofdisputesbetweenthetwoparties.ButsofartheassessmentsofthetradeimbalanceofChina-U.S.havepaidlittleattentiontoenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththetradeimbalance.Appliedaninput-outputapproach,thearticleestimatestheamountofCO2embodiedinChina-U.S.tradeduring1997-2007.ItwasfoundthatthroughtradewithChina,theU.S.reduceditsCO2emissionscomparedwithanon-tradescenario.Duetothegreatercarbon-intensityandrelativelylessefficientproductionprocessesofChineseindustry,China-U.S.traderesultedinmoreCO2emissionsinChinaandtheworld.Intheend,thearticlegivessomesuggestions:itisequalandsustainablethattheinternationalaccountingmethodologiesshouldbeimproved,forCO2emissionsresponsibilitymustbedesignedtoaccountforthedynamicnatureofinternationaltrade.
简介:EstablishingpositiveandurgenttargetsforCO2reductionandemissionpeak,andpromotingenergyconservationandenergystructureadjustmentareamongthestrategiestoaddressglobalclimatechangeandCO2emissionsreduction.Theyarealsomeanstobreakthroughtheconstraintsofdomesticresourcesandenvironment,andinternalneeds,toachievesustainabledevelopment.Generallyspeaking,acountry’sCO2emissionpeakappearsafterachievingurbanizationandindustrialization.Bythen,connotativeeconomicgrowthwillappear,GDPwillgrowslowly,energyconsumptionelasticitywilldecrease,andenergyconsumptiongrowthwillslowdown-dependentmainlyonnewandrenewableenergies.Fossilfuelconsumptionwillnotincreasefurther.WhenCO2emissionreachesitspeak,theannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofGDPisgreaterthanGDPannualgrowthrate;andtheannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofenergyuseisgreaterthantheannualgrowthrateofenergyconsumption.Therefore,threeimportantapproachestopromotionofCO2emissionpeakcanbeconcluded:maintainingreasonablecontrolofGDPgrowth,strengtheningenergyconservationtosignificantlyreducetheGDPenergyintensity,andoptimizingtheenergymixtoreducetheCO2intensityofenergyuse.Byaround2030,Chinawillbasicallyhavecompleteditsrapiddevelopmentphaseofindustrializationandurbanization.ConnotativeeconomicgrowthwillappearwiththeaccelerationofindustrialstructureadjustmentThetargetofGDPenergyintensitywillstillbetomaintainanaverageannualreductionof3%orhigher.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelswillreach20-25%,andtheaimwillbetomaintainanaverageannualgrowthrateof6-8%.Thetotalannualenergydemandgrowthof1.5%willbesatisfiedbythenewlyincreasedsupplyofnon-fossilfuels.TheannualdeclineinCO2intensityofGDPwillreach4.5%orhigher,whichiscompatiblewithanaverageannualGDPgrowth