简介：与宽广带宽、分叉的横梁照亮的燃烧思考栅栏的远地的紧张和衍射效率被调查。什么时候光谱这个事件的宽度和分叉随经常的精力增加，最大的紧张减少，和一半微笑在最大的紧张的e-2的宽度变得更宽。甚至当事件光包含大量波长并且来自大量角度时，衍射效率没与合适的沟形状为燃烧栅栏有恶化。

简介：Coherentdiffractionimaging(CDI)andptychographytechniquesbypassthedifficultyofhavinghigh-qualityopticsinX-raymicroscopybyusinganumericalreconstructionoftheimagethatisobtainedbyinvertingthediffractedintensityrecordedbyacharge-coupleddevicearray.However,thereconstructionoftheimagefromtheintensitydataobtainedfromaweaklydiffractingspecimenisknowntobedifficultbecauseoftheobviousreductioninsignal-to-noiseratio(SNR).Inthiscase,thespecimenonlyslightlymodifiestheprobediffractionpattern,resultingindifficultyintheidentificationofthedetailedstructureofthespecimenfromthereconstructedimagebecauseofthepoorcontrastandsharpnessoftheimage.Toaddressthissituation,amodificationintheimageretrievalalgorithmsusedintheiterativereconstructionoftheimageissuggested.Thismodificationshoulddoublethepresenceofhighspatialfrequenciesinthediffractionpatterntoenhancethecontrastandedgedetectioninexistingimagingtechniques.

简介：Theroleplayedbythediffractionfieldontheproblemofseismicsiteeffectsisstudied.ForthatpurposewesolveandanalyzesimplescatteringproblemsunderPandSVin-planewaveassumptions,usingtwowellknowndirectboundary-element-basednumericalmethods.Afterestablishingthedifferencebetweenscatteredanddiffractedmotions,andintroducingtheconceptofartificiousandphysicallybasedincomingfields,weobtaintheamplitudeoftheFourierspectraforthediffractedpartoftheresponse:thisisachievedafterestablishingtheconnectionbetweenthespatialdistributionofthetransferfunctionoverthestudiedsimpletopographiesandthediffractedfield.Fromthenumericalsimulationsitisobservedthatthisdiffractedpartoftheresponseisresponsiblefortheamplificationofthesurfacegroundmotionsduetothegeometriceffect.Furthermore,itisalsofoundthatthediffractionfieldsetsinafingerprintofthetopographiceffectinthetotalgroundmotions.Theseconclusionsarefurthersupportedbyobservationsinthetime-domainintermsofsnapshotsofthepropagationpatternsoverthecompletecomputationalmodel.Inthissensethegeometricsingularitiesareclearlyidentifiedassourcesofdiffractionandfortheconsideredrangeofdimensionlessfrequenciesitisevidentthatlargeramplificationsareobtainedforthegeometriescontainingalargernumberofdiffractionsourcesthusresultinginastrongertopographiceffect.Theneedforclosed-formsolutionsofcanonicalproblemstoconstructarobustanalysismethodbasedonthediffractionfieldisidentified.

简介：Byusingthematchedasymptoticexpansionmethodandtheideaofedgelayer,amathematicmodelfordescribingtheinteractionbetweenweaklynonlinearshallow-waterwavesandthree-dimensionalfloatingbodiesisformedinthepaper.Asanumericalexample,thediffractionofasolitarywavearoundaverticallyfloatingcir-cularcylinderhasbeeninvestigatedandtheresultsarepresented.Thepresentmethodcanfurtherbeextendedtothestudyofwavediffractionaroundfloatingbodiesofgeneralshape.

简介：Ahigher-orderboundaryelementmethod(HOBEM)forsimulatingthefullynonlinearregularwavepropagationanddiffractionaroundafixedverticalcircularcylinderisinvestigated.Thedomaindecompositionmethodwithcontinuityconditionsenforcedontheinterfacesbetweentheadjacentsub-domainsisimplementedforreducingthecomputationalcost.Byadjustingthealgorithmofiterativeprocedureontheinterfaces,fourtypesofcouplingstrategiesareestablished,thatis,Dirchlet/Dirchlet-Neumman/Neumman(D/D-N/N),Dirchlet-Neumman(D-N),Neumman-Dirchlet(N-D)andMixedDirchlet-Neumman/Neumman-Dirchlet(MixedD-N/N-D).Numericalsimulationsindicatethatthedomaindecompositionmethodscanprovideaccurateresultscomparedwiththatofthesingledomainmethod.Accordingtothecomparisonsofcomputationalefficiency,theD/D-N/Ncouplingstrategyisrecommendedforthewavepropagationproblem.Asforthewave-bodyinteractionproblem,theMixedD-N/N-Dcouplingstrategycanobtainthehighestcomputationalefficiency.

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简介：Micro-electrondiffraction(MicroED)isanemergingtechniquetousecryo-electronmicroscopetostudythecrystalstructuresofmacromoleculefromitsmicro-/nano-crystals,whicharenotsuitableforconventionalX-raycrystallography.However,thistechniquehasbeenpreventedforitswideapplicationbythelimitedavailabilityofproducinggoodmicro-/nano-crystalsandtheinappropriatetransferofcrystals.Here,wedevelopedacompleteworkflowtopreparesuitablecrystalsefficientlyforMicroEDexperiment.Thisworkflowincludesinsituon-gridcrystallization,single-sideblotting,cryo-focusionbeam(cryo-FIB)fabrication,andcryo-electrondiffractionofcrystalcryo-lamella.ThisworkflowenablesustoapplyMicroEDtostudymanysmallmacromolecularcrystalswiththesizeof2-10μm,whichistoolargeforMicroEDbutquitesmallforconventionalX-raycrystallography.Wehaveappliedthismethodtosolve2.5Acrystalstructureoflysozymefromitsmicro-crystalwithinthesizeof10×10×10μm^3.OurworkwillgreatlyexpandtheavailabilityspaceofcrystalssuitableforMicroEDandfillupthegapbetweenMicroEDandX-raycrystallography.

简介：DiffractionofplanePwavesaroundanalluvialvalleyofarbitraryshapeinporoelastichalf-spaceisinvestigatedbyusinganindirectboundaryintegralequationmethod.BasedontheGreen'sfunctionsoflinesourceinporoelastichalf-space,thescatteredwavesareconstructedusingthefictitiouswavesourcesclosetotheinterfaceofthevalleyandthedensityoffictitiouswavesourcesaredeterminedbyboundaryconditions.Theprecisionofthemethodisverifiedbythesatisfactionextentofboundaryconditions,andthecomparisonbetweenthedegeneratedsolutionsandavailableresultsinsingle-phasecase.Finally,thenatureofdiffractionofplanePwavesaroundanalluvialvalleyinporoelastichalf-spaceisinvestigatedindetailthroughnumericalexamples.

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简介：AnovelmethodtocorrectdiffractioneffectinmeasurementofultrasonicvelocityandattenuationathighfrequenciesisdevelopedbyusingthesuperpositiontechniqueofGaussianbeams.Toexaminethevalidityofthisnumericalapproach,theamplitudelossandphaseadvanceduetothediffractioneffectforanSiO2specimenarenumericallycalculatedin30-240MHz,andtheresultsareingoodagreementwiththosebythePapadakismethod.

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简介：二层的结构由PS/PMMA-DR1合成电影组成多孔的硅cladding层上的平面波导层在我们的实验被制作。导致的栅栏被二根NdYAG激光横梁的相互作用在多孔的silicon/PMMA-DR1波导在1064nm基于第三个非线性的光性质形成。第一份订单的衍射效率使衍射光被测量是大约0.2%全部的输出。

简介：Thispaperderivesthephysicalmeaningsofpeakposition,peakwidthandheightofanX-raydiffractionpeakfromtheanalysesoftheBragg'sequation,theScherrer'sformulaandtheprincipleofpeakintensitycalculation.Thegeometriccharacteristicsofanasymmetricpeakareclarifiedbymeansofexperiment.Therelationshipsbetweenneakshapeanddomainsize/latticestrainhavebeenverifiedbygeologicalevents.Thereforethispaperintegratesthephysicalmeaningsofall5basicparametersforanX-raydiffractionpeak.Applicationsofthese5parame-tersareexemplified.

简介：Thispaperpresentsaclosed-formsolutionfordiffractionofplaneSHwavesbyasemi-circularcavityinhalf-spacebyusingwavefunctionexpansionmethod.Accuracyofthesolutionischeckedbythedisplacementresidualandstressresidualalongtheboundaries.Numericalresultsshowthattherearenotabledifferencesforresponseamplitudesbetweenasemi-circularcavityandawhole-circularcavityinahalf-space.

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简介：Diffractiveopticsisanimportanttechniqueforbeamshapingwithhighlightefficiencyandstrongdiffractionpatternflexibility.Sincethediffractionangleislimitedbytheunitsizeofthediffractiveopticalelement(DOE),thesizeoftherequireddiffractionpatternisalwaysrathersmall.InthisLetter,refractive/diffractivehybridopticalelements(RDHOEs)consistingofaDOEandalensareusedtorealizebeamshapingforalargediffractionpattern.Thelens,asthecomponentoftheRDHOEs,cannotonlybeconcavebutalsoconvex,andthedoublesamplingFresneldiffractionalgorithmisdevelopedforthedesignofthesetwotypesofRDHOEs.Thesimulationandexperimentalresultsprovidesolidevidencetodemonstratetheproposedmethodwiththepurephasespatiallightmodulator.

简介：由地志的特征散布飞机嘘波浪在一分层横着各向同性(TI)一半空间被使用一个间接边界元素方法(IBEM)调查。第一，反飞机分层的TI一半空间的动态僵硬矩阵被建立，免费的地被使用直接僵硬方法解决。然后，草地函数为在分层的TI一半空间对一根使倾向的线起作用的一致地分布式的负担被导出，散布的地与推出的草地函数被构造。最后，免费的地被加到散布的获得全球动态回答。方法被把结果与出版的各向同性的作比较验证。两个都，不变、短暂的动态回答被评估并且讨论。在频率领域的数字结果证明为TI媒介的表面运动能与为各向同性的案例的那些显著地不同，它强烈依赖于anisotropy性质，事件角度和事件频率。在时间领域的结果证明材料anisotropy在最大的持续时间和时间历史的最大的振幅上有重要效果。

简介：至于单个模式对称的步折射索引结构电介质平面光波导当它的产量结束被限制时，绕射的领域分发被导出。它能被表示为在迪拉克功能和Lorenz功能之间的卷绕旋转。加深限制衍射的识别是有用的。绕射的领域的特征被讨论。在中央明亮的穗对一半的半最大的紧张的完整的角度宽度的变化曲线裂缝的宽度被数字计算介绍，并且有指数的功能的恰当的曲线接近它。

简介：磁电机眼(瞬间)与微波magnetostatic波浪(MSW)指导光波浪联合同时由信号能导致的多重收音机频率(RF)激动RF信号的multifrequency衍射效果然后并行处理能被衍射效率(Des)是的特征使用认识到近似在里面到RF信号紧张和衍射角度的直接比例与在线性瞬间相互作用区域以内的相应RF信号的频率有关。在这份报纸，学习了是在一阶的瞬间相互作用近似的multifrequency瞬间布拉格衍射，并且获得是为原则衍射效率(PDE)的近似分析表示。另外，提出基于单个频率的衍射是RF信号的相对紧张的一个平行成像方法。由计算和分析，相对错误是为在内的三个RF信号的盒子的不超过0.3dB60MHz的频率空间，这被显示出。