简介：与谈论气候的世界，变化，美国(美国)，中国和印度宣布了他们的碳排放减小目标。这三个国家完成他们的目标，重要问题产生例如将是完成那些目标的年度排放减小努力的，它将花费多少并且什么将是经济效果。这份报纸把中国和印度的碳紧张减小目标放进和美国的绝对排放减小目标一样的非线性的模型到最佳的排放控制策略和联系总数为在一年2020完成那些目标花费了的份量上学习，并且估计并且比较三个国家的最小化的全部的费用到达他们的目标。我们总数花费了让美国完成它的排放减小目标的结果表演以绝对数量比中国和印度的那些大。以到GDP的全部的费用的比例，然而，中国和印度比率比美国的显著地大，显示为象中国和印度那样的发展中的国家，排放减小目标的成就需要相对更大的努力。

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简介：Rapidexpansionofbig-boxstoreindevelopingcountrycausedtypicalarchetypalchangeinmarketstructure:SuccesstotheSuccessful,becausebig-boxstoresarmedwithmodernizedinfrastructureandmanagementcapabilityareabsorbingtheoncecustomersofthetraditionalmarketlikeablackhole.Facingrapidchangeinmarketstructureandsurmountingpleasfromtraditionalmarketmerchants,governmenttookaninevitableinterventionwithlawregulatingthebig-boxstore’sbusinessandimprovingtraditionalmarket’scompetencebuilding.Notsolong,however,didgovernmentconfrontpolicyresistancefrombothsides:Stillongoingpolarizationofbothside’ssales.Thisstudyarticulatesbehaviorovertimeofmarketstructurewithcausalloopdiagramsofwhichcausalitiesareextractedfromliteratures.Thisstudyprovidessignificantcontributiontopolicymakersandtraditionalmarkets’merchantsinotherdevelopingcountrieslikeIndiaandChina,aswellasKorea.

简介：Althoughthegreyforecastingmodelhasbeensuccessfullyadoptedinvariousfieldsanddemonstratedpromisingresults,theliteraturesshowitsperformancecouldbefurtherimproved,suchasfortheDGM(1,1)model,basedonaconcavesequence,themodelingerrorwillbelarger.Inthispaper,firstlythedefinitionofsequenceconvexityisgivenout,anditisprovedthattheoutputsequenceofDGM(1,1)modelisaconvexsequence.Next,theresidualchangelawofDGM(1,1)modelbasedontheconcavesequenceisdiscussed,andthenon-equidistanceDGM(1,1)modelisproposed.Finally,byintroducingthesymmetrytransformation,aconcavesequenceistransformedintoaconvexsequence,calledthesymmetricsequenceoftheconcavesequence,andthenconstructthenon-equidistanceDGM(1,1)modelbasedontheconvexsequence.Theexampleresultsshowthatthenovelmethodismoreaccuratethanthedirectmodelingforaconcavesequence.