简介:有有限阴极联系的欧姆的阳极接触和注射的一个双性人层模型被建议了计算再结合效率和设备的再结合区域宽度。洞传送层的厚度和联合效率和再结合宽度上的organic/organicinterface的障碍的效果被讨论了。它被发现那:(1)当电子充分被堵住,洞没在theorganic/organic接口显著地被堵住时,为给定的L_h/L,再结合效率与增加应用电压增加,但是在更高应用的电压,有增加L_h/L的再结合效率减少;(2)有增加的再结合效率增加使用了电压andH′_h,并且什么时候使用了电压和H′_h超过某价值,再结合效率作为一个高原出现;(3)有增加应用电压和L_h/L.This模型的再结合宽度减少可能向相对实验解释现象。
简介:AIM:Toevaluatetheinterchangeabilityofkeratometricandasphericitymeasurementsprovidedbythreemeasurementsystemsbasedondifferentopticalprinciples.METHODS:Atotalof40eyesof40patientswithameanageof34.1ywereincluded.Inallcases,acornealcurvatureanalysiswasperformedwithIOL-Master(IOLM),iDesign2(ID2),andSiriussystems(SIR).Differencesbetweeninstrumentsforflattest(K1)andsteepest(K2)keratometricreadings,aswellasformagnitudeandaxisofcornealastigmatismwereanalyzed.Likewise,differencesinasphericity(Q)betweenSIRandID2werealsoevaluated.RESULTS:MeandifferencesbetweendevicesforK1were0.20±0.21(P<0.001),-0.12±0.36(P=0.046)and-0.32±0.36D(P<0.001)forthecomparisonsIOLM-SIR,IOLM-ID2andSIR-ID2,respectively.Therangesofagreementforthesecomparisonsbetweeninstrumentswere0.41,0.70,and0.70D.ForK2,meandifferenceswere0.31±0.33(P<0.001),-0.08±0.43(P=0.265)and-0.39±0.38D(P<0.001),withrangesofagreementof0.65,0.84,and0.74D.Concerningmagnitudeofastigmatism,rangesofagreementwereinthelimitofclinicalrelevance(0.49D,P=0.011;0.55D,P=0.386;0.43D,P=0.05).Incontrast,rangesofagreementwereclinicallyrelevantforastigmaticaxis(26.68o,33.83oand18.37o,P≥0.121)andforQbetweenSIRandID2(0.16,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Thekeratometriccornealpower,astigmaticaxisandasphericitymeasurementsprovidebythethreesystemsevaluatedcannotbeconsideredasinterchangeable,whereasmeasurementsofcornealastigmatismobtainedwithSIRandID2canbeconsideredasinterchangeableforclinicalpurposes.
简介:Usingofactivecardiacmedicaldevicesincreasessteadily.InEurope,therewere183implantsofICDand944implantsofPM,119ofbiventricularICDand41ofbiventricularPM,allpermillionin-habitantsin2014.Healthcareenvironments,includingradiotherapytreatmentrooms,areconsideredchallengingfortheseimplantabledevices.Exposuretoradiationmaycausethedevicetoexperienceprematureelectivereplacementindicator,decreasedpacingamplitudeorpacinginhibition,inappropri-ateshocksorinhibitionoftachyarrhythmiatherapyandlossofdevicefunction.
简介:AnewmodeltodescribeI-Vcharacteristicsoforganiclight-emittingdevices(OLEDs)isdevelopedbasedonexperimentalresults.ThedependenceofI-Vcharacteristicsonenergybarrier,trapdensityandcarriermobilityisanalyzed.TheresultshowsthatthismodelcombinestheFowler-Nordheimtunneltheoryandthetrapchargelimitedcurrenttheorywithexponentialtrapdistribution(TCL),anditdescribesthecurrenttransportcharacteristicsofOLEDsmorecomprehensively.TheI-VcharacteristicsfollowFowler-Nordheimtheorywhentheenergybarrierishigh,thetrapdensityissmallandthecarriermobilityislarge.InothercasestheyfollowtheTCLtheory.
简介:ProblemsaboutsurfacemountingprocessforfinepitchdevicesandreasonsonsolderbridgingofLtypeleaddevicesweldedaredepicted.Bridgingmechanismandinfluencefactorsareanalyzedwithtwo-dimensionalgeometricmodel.Basedonthis,high-densitysurfacemounttechnology(SMT)forfinepitchLtypeleaddevicesheatedbyscan-ninglaserisraised.SurfacemountprocessforQFP208onprintedcircuitboard(PCB)isstudied.Theresultsoftestsarethatitisquitepossibletosolvethesolderbridgingofsurfacemountingforpitchdeviceswithscanninglaser-heat-ingmethod.
简介:Organicgreenlightemittingdevices(LEDs)withmulti-quantumwell(MQW)structurewerefabricated.Aromaticdiamine(TPD)wasusedasholetransportinglayerandpotentialbarrierlayer;Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminunum(Alq3)wasactedaselectron-transportingemitterandMQWgreenemitter.Airstablealuinum(Al)wasusedaselectron-injectioncontact.Theinfluenceofthethicknessofpotentialbarrierlayerandthenumberofquantumwellontheelectroluminescent(EL)efficienciesofthedeviceswasinvestigated.TheorganicLEDswithtwoquantumwellsshowedenhancedELefficiencies.Maximumexternalquantumefficiencyandbrightnesswere1.04%and7000cd/m^2,respectively.
简介:基于常规双电子锅设备,三倍的层有铟听氧化物(ITO)的二异种结构的器官的轻射出的二极管(OLED)/N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine(NPB)/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(BCP)/8-Hydroxyquinoline铝(用真空免职方法的Alq3)/Mg:Ag被制作了。OLED的表演上的BCP层的不同电影厚度的影响被调查了。结果证明当BCP层电影的厚度逐渐地从0.1nm变化了到4.0nm时,OLED的电镀物品光(EL)系列从绿色变了到对蓝色,和作为与EL光谱有关的费用搬运人的再结合区域扮演的BCP层浅绿色蓝色,提高亮度和力量效率。象7.3lm/W一样高到达的OLED的力量效率。
简介:这份报纸论述是可扩展的因为地理上散布了的联机混合测试系统测试的一个基础。这个系统由通常过去常让周期的测试装载测试基础到目标排水量或目标力量上的一套设备组成。由于他们的坚韧性和可移植性,常规装载设备的单个集合能被搬运并且重新设置认识到在地理上遥远的实验室的物理装载。另一个呼吁的特征是对在各种各样的性能期间在僵硬有大不同的标本特别地合适的混合控制上演的灵活排水量力量。进行一个基础联机混合测试,一个可扩展的框架被开发,它与一个概括接口被装备包含每个基础。用各种各样的结构的程序代码的多重测试基础和分析基础能在单个框架以内被提供,简单地与边界排水量和力量连接了。一个协调人程序被开发在所有基础兼容机和equilibrated之中保留边界。一个基于因特网的数据交换计划也被设计在与不同软件环境装备的计算机之中转移数据。一系列联机混合测试被介绍,并且联机混合测试系统的可移植性,灵活性,和可扩展性被表明。
简介:Nanostructuredcarbonmaterials,includingcarbonnanotubes,grapheneandnanoporouscarbon,showpromiseforexpandingrenewableenergy.Inparticular,theconfigurationandelectronicpropertiesofgrapheneedgesinrelationwiththeirelectrochemicalactivityhavebecomeamajorissueincarbon-basedenergystoragedevices.Here,wereviewrecentresultsconcerningtheimportantrolesofgrapheneedgesasthegatewayforlithiumionintercalationintheanodeoflithium-ionbatteries,aspromotersofhighcapacitanceincarbon-basedsupercapacitors,andasanchoringsitesforPtnanoparticlesinfuelcells.Weenvisagethatthecontrolledsynthesisofaspecific,clean,andstableedgeconfigurationcouldbeachievedtomaximizetheelectrochemicalperformanceofnanostructuredcarbon-basedenergystoragedevices.
简介:摘要三商业超声的设备(A,B,和C)为他们排斥德国蟑螂的能力被测试,Blattellagermanica(L.)(Blattodea:Blattellidae),在里面有机玻璃?围场。设备A在26kHz和34kHz产生了山峰频率,并且生产了95hout整个-3丰满的酸desaturase基因家庭。南部的弄污分析证明LeFAD7被单个拷贝基因编码并且在西红柿染色体有二相应基因。北污点证明LeFAD7在所有器官被表示并且特别充满叶织物。同时,LeFAD7的表示被寒心的应力导致(4吃了计数。即时PCR探查被设计到hybridize与(eae)E的基因。coliO157:H7。探查被合并到包含从phyllosphere提取的DNA的即时PCR,根围,吗??
简介:磁性的聚合物粒子在象生物医学的治疗,诊断和分离技术那样的多样的区域发现了应用。这些应用要求粒子控制了尺寸和狭窄的尺寸分布在使用获得更好的控制和重制度。这份报纸在nano规模在磁性的聚合物粒子的准备考察最近的开发并且由包含磁性的部件与微规模溶解或在situ形成了聚合物。用乳化和埋入方法的粒子制造在微规模的尺寸生产磁性的聚合物粒子。然而,在用常规乳化方法的这个范围的粒子的生产在粒子尺寸和多分散性上负担得起很有限的控制。我们在使用膜和microfluidics乳化技术的其他的线路上报导,它有一个能力生产monodisperse乳剂和聚合物microspheres(与不到10%的变化的系数)在到一些100m的从submicrometer的范围。这些生产方法的表演考虑到未来应用被估计。
简介:Parameterestimationofsignalsofuniversalsoftwareradioperipheral(USRP)devicesiscrucialtosolvetheproblemofphaseoffsetsofreceivedsignalsindistributedbeamforming.Forsystemsthatwillutilizetheclosedloopfeedbackalgorithmwherethereceiverneedstosendthereceivedsignalstrength(RSS)valuesperiodicallytothebeamformingnodesoastotakeadvantageofenergyconservation,thefrequencyandphaseofthesesignalsshouldbeestimatedbeforesmootheningbynonlinearfilters.ThisarticlepresentstheestimationofthefrequencyoffsetsofaGaussianminimumshiftkeying(GMSK)signalfromN210USRPdevicesinrealtimebyusingtheRadix-2fastFouriertransform(FFT)algorithminGNURadio.Forthesegreencommunicationsdevices,mostoftheneededhardwarepartshavebeensoftwaredefined,therebyreducingthesupposedenergyconsumption.Thefrequencyoffsetsfromreferencecarrierfrequenciesof900MHzand2.4GHzarelessthan3kHzeachbeforetheestimation,buttheaverageoffsetsare45Hzand100Hzaftertheestimation,respectively.Thehighoffsetvalueexperiencedwiththe2.4GHzcarrierwasduetoconsistentinterferencefromdevicesonthatsamefrequency.
简介:Ametallicnanostructuredarraythatscattersradiationtowardathinmetalliclayergeneratessurfaceplasmonresonancesfornormallyincidentlight.Thelocationoftheminimumofthespectralreflectivityservestodetectchangesintheindexofrefractionofthemediumunderanalysis.Thenormalincidenceoperationeasesitsintegrationwithopticalfibers.Thegeometryofthearrangementandthematerialselectionarechangedtooptimizesomeperformanceparametersassensitivity,figureofmerit,fieldenhancement,andspectralwidth.Thisoptimizationtakesintoaccountthefeasibilityofthefabrication.Theevaluatedresultsofsensitivity(1020nm/RIU)andfigureofmerit(614RIU-1)arecompetitivewiththosepreviouslyreported.