简介:<正>尽管2001年的“9·11”事件对哈萨克斯坦经济造成了一定影响,但由于塔利班政权很快垮台,这种影响并没有像刚开战时那么大.2002年第一季度经济仍有较快增长.工业产值同比增长12.1%,农业产值增长5.5%,投资增长10.3%,货运量增长9%,零售商品总额增长10.4%.但外贸额却下降了4.9%.可是,到第二季度,工业产值、货物周转量、固定资产投资都比原计划数要低.第二季度,工业产值增长为5.9%,而上年同期增长为10.4%.其增长低于上年的原因是由于采矿业和加工业生产增速缓慢.工业产值第三季度增长9.5%,2002年前3个季度国内生产总值增长9.4%.2002年石油产量继续增加.10月该国能源与自然矿产部部长说,石油(包括凝析油)产量可达到4500×104t.
简介:Shales,themostabundantofsedimentaryrocks,arevaluedasthesource-rocksandsealstoporouspetroleumreservoirs.Overthepast-twentyyears,organic-richshaleshavealsoemergedasvaluablepetroleumsystems(reservoir,seal,andsourcerockscontainedinthesameformation).Assuchtheyhavebecomeprimarytargetsforpetroleumexplorationandexploitation.ThisPart1ofathree-partreviewaddressesthebulkproperties,multi-scalegeometryandgasadsorptioncharacteristicsofthesediverseandcomplexrocks.Shalesdisplayextremelylowpermeability,andtheirporosityisalsolow,butmulti-scale.Characterizingthegeometryandinterconnectivityofthepore-structureframeworkswiththenatural-fracturenetworkswithinshalesisessentialforestablishingtheirpetroleumexploitationpotential.Organic-richshalestypicallycontaintwodistincttypesofporosity:matrixporosityandfractureporosity.Inadditiontointer-granularporosity,thematrixporosityincludestwotypesofmineral-hostedporosity:inorganic-mineral-hostedporosity(IP);and,organic-matter-hosted(withinthekerogen)porosity(OP).Whereas,thefractureporosityandpermeabilityiscrucialforpetroleumproductionfromshales,itiswithintheOPwhere,typically,muchofthein-situoilandgasresourcesresides,andfromwhereitneedstobemobilized.OPincreasessignificantlyasshalesbecomemorethermallymature(i.e.,withinthegasgenerationzones),andplaysakeyroleintheultimaterecoveryfromshale-gassystems.Shales'methanesorptioncapacities(MSC)tendstobepositivelycorrelatedwiththeirtotalorganiccarboncontent(TOC),thermalmaturation,andmicroporevolume.Claymineralsalsosignificantlyinfluencekeyphysicalpropertiesofshalerelatedtofluidflow(permeability)andresponsetostress(fracability)thatdeterminetheirprospectivityforpetroleumexploitation.Claymineralscanalsoadsorbgas,somemuchbetterthanothers.Thesurfaceareaoftheporestructureofshalescanbepositively
简介:贵州省赤水地区下三叠统嘉陵江组的沉积相属于陆表海碳酸盐台地沉积,嘉二1—嘉一层段储层岩性主要为颗粒灰岩、粉晶白云岩。有利储层为裂缝-孔隙型,并具有低孔、低渗的特点,有利储产层的发育须要构造裂缝的连通。宝元构造为嘉二1~嘉一有利储层发育的最有利区,旺隆构造为嘉二1~嘉一有利储层发育的次有利区,太和构造为嘉二1~嘉一有利储层发育的差有利区。