简介:新S级的诞生伴随着的是世人对奔驰品牌的重新定义,其代表着近现代汽车工业的一次颠覆,代表着机械感与柔美线条的完美结合,代表着戴姆勒集团首席设计师瓦格纳与其团队的工艺匠心。
简介:ACe3+tion-dopedα-NaYF4singlecrystalofhighqualityisgrownsuccessfullybyanimprovedfluxBridgmanmethodundertheconditionsoftakingthechemicalrawcompositionofNaF:KF:YF3:CeF3inthemolarratioof30∶18∶48∶4,wheretheKFisshowntobeaneffectiveassistantflux.Thexraydiffraction,absorptionspectra,excitationspectra,andemissionspectraoftheCe3+t-dopedα-NaYF4singlecrystalaremeasuredtoinvestigatethephaseandopticalpropertiesofthesinglecrystals.TheabsorptionspectrumoftheCe3+t:α-NaYF4showsastrongbandthatpeaksatthewavelengthof300nm.TheemissionspectrumoftheCe3+t:α-NaYF4emitsanintenseultraviolet(UV)bandatthewavelengthof332nmundertheexcitationof300nmlight.Twoseparatedluminousbandsof330and350nm,whichcorrespondtothetransitions5d→2F25∕2and5d→F7∕2,canbeobtainedbyGaussfitting.ThestrongemissionintensityattheUVbandandtheexcellentopticaltransmissionintherangeofUVwavelengthsindicatethatCe3+t:α-NaYF4singlecrystalscanbeconsideredasapromisingmaterialforUVlasers.
简介:针对滑移转向式四轮独立驱动(Four-wheelIndependentDrive,4WD)电动汽车,提出一种直接横摆力矩运动控制算法。根据扩展卡尔曼滤波(ExtendedKalmanFilter,EKF)算法设计了车辆动态参数观测器,并根据车辆的目标车速与转向半径计算所需的横摆力矩,针对各轮的纵向力进行了优化分配算法的设计。Carsim与Matlab/Simulink的联立仿真结果表明,观测器能够准确、实时地对车辆动态参数进行在线估计,运动控制器在实现车辆运动目标的同时还保证了车辆的运动稳定性和期望速度,以及期望转向半径最大实时误差率控制在4.5%以内,轮胎纵向力优化分配算法有效地降低了轮胎的负荷率。