简介：Consideringtheefectsofosmoticpressure,elasticbending,Maxwellpressure,surfacetension,aswellasfexo-electricanddielectricpropertiesofphospholipidmembrane,theshapeequationforspherevesicleinalternation(AC)electricfeldisderivedbasedontheliquidcrystalmodelbyminimizingthefreeenergyduetocoupledmechanicalandACelectricalfelds.Besidestheefectofelasticbending,theinfuenceofosmoticpressureandsurfacetensiononthefrequencydependentbehaviorofvesiclemembraneinACelectricfeldisalsodiscussed.Ourtheoreticalresultsformembranedeformationareconsistentwithcorrespondingexperiments.Thepresentmodelprovidesthepossibilitytofurtherdisclosethefrequency-dependedbehaviorofbiologicalcellsinthecoupledACelectricanddiferentmechanicalfelds.

简介：Inthelightofφ-mappingmethodandtopologicalcurrenttheory,theeffectofdisclinationlinesonthefreeenergydensityofnematicliquidcrystalsisstudied.ItispointedoutthatthetotalFrankfreeenergydensitycanbedividedintotwoparts.Oneisthedistortedenergydensityofdirectorfieldaroundthedisclinationlines.Theotheristhesaddle-splayenergydensity,whichisshowntobecentralizedatthedisclinationlinesandtobetopologicallyquantizedintheunitofkπ/2whentheJacobiandeterminantofthedirectorfielddoesnotvanishatthesingularitiesofthedirectorfield.ThetopologicalquantumnumbersaredeterminedbytheHopfindicesandBrouwerdegreesofthedirectorfieldatthedisclinationlines,i.e.,thedisclinationstrengthes.WhentheJacobiandeterminantvanishes,thegeneration,annihilation,intersection,splittingandmergingprocessesofthesaddle-splayenergydensityaredetailedintheneighborhoodsofthelimitpointsandbifurcationpoints,respectively.Itisshownthatthedisclinationlinewithhightopologicalquantumnumberisunstableandwillevolvetothelowtopologicalquantumnumberstatesthroughthesplittingprocess.

简介：Lowtemperatureliquidphaseepitaxyofsiliconthinfilmswassuccessfullycarriedoutatatemperatureof(400-500)℃,usingAu/BialloyasaSi-saturatedSnsolutionwasusedtoprotectthesubstratesurface,preventingeffectivelytheoxidationofsilicon.ThegrownSithinfilmswereidentifiedbySEM,AESandC-Vmeasurements.

简介：NanocrystallineNi粉末成功地被制作由机械地在有1个wt.%Y_2O_3粒子的低温实验法的温度(cryomilling)的milling。试验性的结果证明了Ni谷物尺寸面对Y_2O_3粒子在cryomilling的2h以后被归结为25nm。cryomilledNi/Y_2O_3粉末能维持他们的nanocrystalline结构直到900℃，否则融化中的62%个Ni指。有约100nm的athermally稳定的谷物尺寸的体积nanocrystallineNi/Y_2O_3材料被cryomilling生产，冷均衡说的紧迫，由热均衡说的压列在后面。体积nanocrystallineNi/lwt.%Y_2O_3的微坚硬是315DPH，它二倍高于常规Ni的。

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简介：Thispaperstudiesthecharacteristicsoflarchbarkpyrolysisandanalyzesfactorsthataffectthepyrolysisandtheliquidpyrolyticcomponent.Theresultsareasfollows:TGcurveshowsthatthepyrolysiscanbedividedintothreeparts:dryingprocess,pyrolyticprocess,andcarbonateandcalcinatedprocess.BoththesizeofgrainandthetemperaturerisingrateaffecttheshapeofTGandDTG.Vinegarandsedimentarytararemaincomponentsofpyrolyzateproducts.GC-MSisappliedtoanalyzevinegar.Itisshownthatthevinegarisahighlycomplexcompoundwhichiscomposedofphenolanditsderivatives(45.620%),organicacid(13.851%),ketoderivatives(9.754%),aldehydicderivatives(8.573%),alcoholicderivatives(1.794%),esteranditsderivatives(0.205%).

简介：Currentlytheclinicalmanagementofbreastcancerreliesonrelativelyfewprognostic/predictiveclinicalmarkers(estrogenreceptor,progesteronereceptor,HER2),basedonprimarytumorbiology.Circulatingbiomarkers,suchascirculatingtumorDNA(ctDNA)orcirculatingtumorcells(CTCs)mayenhanceourtreatmentoptionsbyfocusingontheverycellsthatarethedirectprecursorsofdistantmetastaticdisease,andprobablyinherentlydifferentthantheprimarytumor'sbiology.Toshiftthecurrentclinicalparadigm,assessingtumorbiologyinrealtimebymolecularlyprofilingCTCsorctDNAmayservetodiscovertherapeutictargets,detectminimalresidualdiseaseandpredictresponsetotreatment.Thisreviewservestoelucidatethedetection,characterization,andclinicalapplicationofCTCsandctDNAwiththegoalofprecisiontreatmentofbreastcancer.

简介：Acomparativestudyoftheneedle-to-liquidplasmainthecontinuousmodewithDCandACexcitationsisdetailedinthispaper.Allplasmasstudiedhereareshowntobeglowdischarges.Thisstudyisbasedonmeasurementsofseveralkeyparameters,includingelectricalenergy,opticalemissionintensitiesofactivespecies,rotationalandvibrationaltemperatures,andtemperaturesoftheneedleandliquidelectrodes.ACplasmascanproduce1.2～5timeshigherexcitedstateactivespeciesthanDCplasmasunderthesamedissipatedpower.ACexcitedliquidplasmashavethehighestenergyutilizationefficiencyamongthethreesystems(ACexcitedplasmas,DCexcitedplasmaswithwateranodeandDCexcitedplasmaswithwatercathode);mostoftheenergyisusedtoproduceusefulspeciesratherthantoheattheelectrodesandplasmas.

简介：Thefinalgoaloffusionenergyresearchistomakeiteconomicallycompetitiveandthecostofelectricity(COE)aslowasacceptablebytheenergymarket.Thereforethefusionplasmahastobeoperatingwithhighpowerdensityandtheplasmafacingcomponents(PFC),suchasfirstwallanddivertor,havetosustainhighsurfaceheatloadandbombardmentwithhighparticleflux.SuchrigorousenvironmentsconsequentiallyleadtoseveredamageanderosionofPFCmaterials.Asaresult,thelifetimeofPFCwouldbeshortened.

简介：Discussionispresentedontheuseofthephotoisomerizationofazobenzenechromophoreinthedesignandpreparationofnovelfunctionalmaterials.Thetwosystemsreviewedareazobenzenepolymer-stabilizedliquidcrystalsandazobenzeneelastomers.Inthefirstcase,apolymernetworkcontainingazobenzenemoietiesisusedtoopticallyinduceandstabilizealong-rangeliquidcrystalorientationwithouttheneedoftreatingthesurfacesofthesubstrates.Thisopticalandrubbing-freeapproachwasappliedtonematicandferroelectricliquidcrystals.Inthesecondcase,anazobenzeneside-chainliquidcrystallinepolymerisgraftedontoastyrene-butadiene-styrenetriblockcopolymertoyieldaphotoactivethermoplasticelastomer.Coupledmechanicalandopticaleffectsmakepossibletheformationofdiffractiongratingsthatmaybeusefulformechanicallytunableopticaldevices.

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简介：根据本地平衡模型(LEM)，有大RichardsonZaki代表n的好粒子出现，在在床扩大和倒塌期间的某些条件下面，从有小n的粒子的不同动态行为。因为在那里的一个扩大过程可以是从分发者向上宣传的集中断绝，相反，为一个倒塌过程，可以而不是断绝有日益增多地拓宽和向上繁殖的连续转变地区。床高度变化和断绝踪迹的预言试验性地被验证了。

简介：Onthebasisoftheexperimentalworkofadhesion(W)data,theadhesionbetweentransitionmetalcar-bidesandpureliquidmetalswhichdonotreactwithcarbidesisstudied.Inviewofgreatscatteringoftheex-perimentalvaluesofW,acriticalanalysisoftheseresultsisperformed.TheselectedWvaluesfor9copper/carbidesystemsand6metal/TiCsystemsareusedtodiscussthevarioussuggestionsconcerningthemechanismofadhesionandtoevidencetheroleofthevalenceelectronsofthebothcarbideandmetalontheinteractionsbetweenmetalsandcarbides.Theinteractionsbetweenametalandacarbideareessentiallymetal-licinteractions,resultingfromtheoverlappingofthevalenceelectronsatthemetal/carbideinterface.

简介：Amulti-bubbledynamicscodeaccountingforgasdiffusionintheliquidandthroughthebubblewallwasdevelopedandusedtostudythemodificationofabubblenucleipopulationdynamicsbyapropeller.ThepropellerflowfieldwasobtainedusingaReynolds-AveragedNavier-Stokes(RANS)solverandbubblenucleipopulationswerepropagatedinthisfield.Thenumericalpro-cedureenabledestablishmentofthepossibilityofproductionbehindthepropellerofrelativelylargevisiblebubblesstartingfromtypicaloceannucleisizedistributions.Theresultinglargerbubblesareseentoclusterinthebladewakesandtipvortices.Parametricinvestigationsoftheinitialnucleisizedistribution,thedissolvedgasconcentration,andthecavitationnumberwereconductedtoide-ntifytheireffectsonbubbleentrainmentandtheresultantvoidfractionsandbubbledistributionmodificationsdownstreamfromthepropeller.Imposedsyntheticturbulence-likefluctuationsuntotheaverageRANSflowfieldwerealsousedtostudytheeffectavera-gingintheRANSprocedurehasontheresults.

简介：Theresultsof118REEanalysesofLi-FgranitesfromSouthChinaandothercountriesindicatethattherearethreevariationtypesofREEpatterncurveswithdifferentevolutiontrendsfromearlytolatestagesofLi-FgranitecomplexoffromlowertoupperpetrofaciesoftheLi-Fgranitebody;(1)thedecreasing,(2)theincreasing,and(3)thesaltatoryvariationtypes.Thefirstvariationtypeiscalledthepositiveevolutiontype,attributedtocrystallizationdifferentiation.Thesecondiscalledthereversionevolutiontype.whichrepresentsliquidsegreationdominatedbyvapor-liquiddistillation.Thethirdiscalledthesaltatoryvariationtype,whichisformedfromliquidsegregationdominatedbyimmiscibilty,Therefore,theindicaticesofliquidsegregationdominatedbyimmiscibilityarethesaltatoryvariationtypeofREEpatternevolutionandtheseparationofthemainevolutiontrendlineseitherfromthesub-evolutiontrendlinesorfromthecompositionpointsofLi-FgranitesinthediagramsofREE-(La-Yb)NandLa/Sm-La,Theindicatricesofliquidsegregationdominatedbyvapor-liquidfractionaldistillationarethereverstionevolutiontypeofREEpatterncurvesandthemainevolutiontrendlinesofLi-Fgranitesdirectingtotheupperright-handontheREE-La/Yb)NandLa/Sm-Ladiagrams.

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简介：AluminumandTefloncylindricalparticleswithflatendsaredroppedinaqueousPolyoxsolutions.Theterminalequilibriumorientationoftheparticlesischaracterizedbythetiltangle,a,formedbythemajoraxisofthecylinderwiththehorizontal.ItisobservedthatαisafunctionoftheaspectratioL=L/d,whereListhelengthanddisthediameterofthecylinder,andthatitvariescontinuouslyfromacertainangle,α0,to90°,asLincreasestowardavalueL0.Foragivenshape,bothα0andL0dependonthedensityofthecylinderandthepropertiesoftheliquidused.FortheparticleswehaveconsideredthevalueofL0isoftheorderof2,This“tilt-anglephenomenon”disappearsassoonastheendsofthecylinderareround.Specifically,cylindersofthesamedensityandwiththesameaspectratiobutwithroundends.whendroppedinthesamepolymericsolutionwillreachafinalorientationwithα=90°.Therefore,thistilt-anglephenomenonseemstobetightlyrelatedtotheshapeoftheparticle.

简介：Liquidsolid使流体化床在处理工业基于粒子尺寸，密度，和形状分开粒子的矿物质被使用。理解扩展的使流体化的床为精确地估计它的表演是重要的。使流体化的床的扩大特征被与铁矿石，铬铁矿，石英，和煤样品执行几个实验学习。把水用作液体媒介，实验被进行在使流体化的床上学习粒子尺寸，粒子密度，和表面的速度的效果扩大。试验性的数据被利用基于维的分析开发一个实验数学模型以粒子特征估计使流体化的床的扩大比率，操作并且设计参数。从数学模型获得的预言的扩大比率在对试验性的数据的好同意。

简介：在这份报纸，相对由液体的稳固的粒子的液体暂停的水动力学的理论途径和试验性的调查结果被报导并且讨论。为单个粒子硬币系统，优点和众所周知的实验关联的可能的差错被讨论。为二进制固体的混合暂停，试验性的证据被考察，能够成功地描述的途径观察到行为被报导。

简介：离子的液体的一种新类型支持了硒试剂被综合并且发现了面对30%H2O2是在到醛和酉同类的白酒的氧化的优秀催化剂。离子的液体的可预言的溶解度从反应混合允许氧化产品的容易的分离。而且，当溶剂，和离子的支持液体的硒试剂能被再循环并且在催化性能与小减少在四次使用了，氧化反应能用离子的液体被执行。