简介:Chinaispreparingtoestablishanationwidecarbonmarketin2017,andinordertofacilitatethisgoal,sevenpilotcarbonmarketshavebeenunderstudyforthepastfewyears.ThispapersummarizestheoperationexperienceandchallengesofthesevenpilotcarbonmarketsinChina.Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthattheessenceofacarbonmarketistosolveenvironmentalproblemsthroughmarketmechanisms,withenvironmentalbenefitbeingthefundamentalpurpose,marketmechanismbeingthekeymeasure,andpoliciesandregulationsbeinganimportantguaranteeforanorderlycarbonmarket.Therefore,thispaperconstructsanevaluationindexsystemcomposedof34detailedsub-indexesinthreedimensions,suchasenvironmentalconstraintforce,marketresourceallocationability,andsupportingpoliciesandfacilitycompleteness.Throughanalyzingtheoperationdatafrom2013to2016,theweightsofthesub-indexesareobtained.Inaddition,thestudyobtainsexperts’opinionsfromover10carbonpermitsexchanges,consultancyfirmsandresearchinstitutionsinChina,andconductsacomprehensiveevaluationonthedevelopmentdegreeofthesevenpilotcarbonmarkets.ResultsshowthatthepilotcarbonmarketsthatincludeprivateSMEsasthecoveredentitiesforemissionscontrolpresentrelativelyhigherenvironmentalconstraintforce.Buttoomanycoveredentitiescouldincreasethedifficultyofmarketperformancemanagement,whilethepilotsthatincludehighenergy-consumingstate-ownedenterprisesastheentitiesforemissionscontroldemonstrateaphenomenonof'highmarketcomplianceratewithlowtradingvolume'.TheresourceallocationcapabilityofChina’scarbonmarkethasnotbeeneffectivelybroughtintoplay,andlowdegreeofmarketparticipationhasbecomeanimportantconstraintfactorformarketdevelopment.Duetothelackoflawsandregulationsatthenationalmacro-level,thelegallybindingforceofthepilotmarketsconstructionisobviouslyinsufficient,andthesupportingpoliciesare
简介:摘要TN-C-S接地方式是低压配电系统一种接地系统,因系统简洁节省材料而且运行稳定,被广泛的应用在住宅小区、群体建筑、施工现场临时用电等的低压配电系统。但是,如果TN-C-S接地系统施工时,未按规范要求去施工,接线错误,那么当某个局部发生电气事故时,将会影响到整个低压配电系统用电安全,严重时会造成烧毁成片用电设备。本文将对TN-C-S接地系统的保护原理、目前施工中存在的安全隐患以及会导致的安全后果进行分析研究,并给出的正确的施工方法。
简介:摘要本文说明了“6s”管理系统方面的工业园区施工现场管理的重要现实意义和理论基础和管理对象,详细论述了其实现的五个步骤,进一步巩固提高事项,应注意发展的高质量生产经营领域,奠定了坚实的理论基础和提供实践指导。
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简介:摘要幼儿园通过借鉴优秀的企业管理模式,找到6S管理与幼儿园管理的相通点,结合幼儿园实际情况、通过推行6S管理,创设宽松、有序、自主、高效、愉悦的工作环境,让员工愉快工作、快乐生活,从而达到提升管理的一种有效途径,并在此基础上引发推行“6S”管理方法的最终目的——反思教育本质。
简介:Sustainableuseofnaturalresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentareconceptsthataregainingmomentumgloballyintheadventofglobalwarmingandclimatechange.ThethresholdfortheentryinforceoftheParisAgreementonClimateChangewasachievedexactly5daysaftertheunveilingofBotswana’sVision2036document.Thisdevelopmentframeworkenvisagessustainableeconomicdevelopmentandclimatechangeadaptation.ThisarticleusesexploratoryresearchmethodologyofsystematicdocumentanalysistoanalyzetheseprinciplesinthecontextofBotswana.Itinvestigatesgovernment’sintentionsinachievingthethirdpillarofthenationalvision.Botswanahasdeclareditsintensionstoreducecarbonemissionsby15%by2030throughtheintendednationallydeterminedcontributions.Whilethecountry’sambitionsarelargelyforward-lookingandalignedwiththoseoftheParisAgreement,theeconomicdiversificationplansofBotswanathreatentopotentiallycontributesignificantlytotheemissionofgreenhousegases.Thearticleappliessustainabilityand/orsustainabledevelopmenttheoryinexaminingtherelationshipbetweentheParisAgreementandBotswana’svision.Itconcludesthatthereislinkbetweenthetwodocuments,bothofwhichareanchoredofthedevelopmentwhichisenvironmentallysustainable.Itfurtherconcludesthatdevelopingnationsshouldmakeinternationalcommitmentswhicharealignedtotheirdevelopmentalplans.