简介:OurJournalATAwasfoundintheWinterof1984atthebeautifulcoastalcityDalian,China,theEditorsinchiefwereProfessorC.K.Chui(abroad),andthelateProfessorM.D.Cheng(domestic).20years,itseemstobeshort,however,theJournalhasdevelopedquicklyandchangedalot.
简介:Withafluctuating2008comestoanend,nownew2009hasap-proachedtous.Recently,AnalYsisandForecastofChinaEcon-omyin2009(BlueBookofChinaEconomy),bytheEconomicsDepartmentofChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.therelatedgovernmentaldepartments,researchinstitutesandexpertsandscholarsfromdomesticwell-knowncollegesanduniversities,wasissued.Thisauthorityre-portgaveanalysisofthesehotissuesanddifficultiesin2008Chinaeconomic
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简介:<正>London24November2004MotheristhemostbeautifulwordintheEnglishlanguage,accordingtoasurveyofover40,000overseasvotersandlearnersofEnglishatBritishCouncilteachingcentres.ThesurveywasconductedbytheBritishCounciltocoincidewithits70thanniversarycelebrations.TheBritishCouncilaskedover7,000learnersin46countrieswhattheyconsideredtobethemost
简介:Speakervariabilityisanimportantsourceofspeechvariationswhichmakescontinuousspeechrecognitionadifficulttask.Adaptingautomaticspeechrecognition(ASR)modelstothespeakervariationsisawell-knownstrategytocopewiththechallenge.AlmostallsuchtechniquesfocusondevelopingadaptationsolutionswithintheacousticmodelsoftheASRsystems.Althoughvariationsoftheacousticfeaturesconstituteanimportantportionoftheinter-speakervariations,theydonotcovervariationsatthephoneticlevel.Phoneticvariationsareknowntoformanimportantpartofvariationswhichareinfluencedbybothmicro-segmentalandsuprasegmentalfactors.Inter-speakerphoneticvariationsareinfluencedbythestructureandanatomyofaspeaker'sarticulatorysystemandalsohis/herspeakingstylewhichisdrivenbymanyspeakerbackgroundcharacteristicssuchasaccent,gender,age,socioeconomicandeducationalclass.Theeffectofinter-speakervariationsinthefeaturespacemaycauseexplicitphonerecognitionerrors.Theseerrorscanbecompensatedlaterbyhavingappropriatepronunciationvariantsforthelexiconentrieswhichconsiderlikelyphonemisclassificationsbesidespronunciation.Inthispaper,weintroducespeakeradaptivedynamicpronunciationmodels,whichgeneratedifferentlexiconsforvariousspeakerclustersanddifferentrangesofspeechrate.Themodelsarehybridsofspeakeradaptedcontextualrulesanddynamicgeneralizeddecisiontrees,whichtakeintoaccountwordphonologicalstructures,rateofspeech,unigramprobabilitiesandstresstogeneratepronunciationvariantsofwords.EmployingthesetofspeakeradapteddynamiclexiconsinaFarsi(Persian)continuousspeechrecognitiontaskresultsinworderrorratereductionsofasmuchas10.1%inaspeaker-dependentscenarioand7.4%inaspeaker-independentscenario.
简介:Duringthelong-termhumandevelopment,theformationofthelanguagehasitsownnationalcharacteristics.Languageisahumanspecificsymbolsystem,culturalrubyandoneofthemostimportantcarriersofculture.Theproduction,economiclife,geography,religion,andsoonarereflectedinthelanguage.Loveiseternaltopicandlovewordshaveverydeeprichculturalimplication.Forthousandsofyears,peoplepraisebeautifulloveandaffection.ThispaperwilltakelovewordsforexampletolookintoChineseandWesternculturalcharacteristics.