简介：Familialdysautonomia(FD)isararechildrenneurodegenerativediseasecausedduetoapointmutationintheIKBKAPgenethatresultsindecreasedIKKcomplex-associatedprotein(IKAP)proteinproduction.Thediseaseaffectsmostlythedorsalrootganglion(DRG)andthesympatheticganglion.Recently,wefoundthatthemolecularmechanismsunderlyingneurodegenerationinFDpatientsaredefectsinaxonaltransportofnervegrowthfactorsandmicrotubulestabilityintheDRG.Neuronsarehighlypolarizedcellswithverylongaxons.Inordertosurviveandmaintainproperfunction,neuronsdependontransportofproteinsandothercellularcomponentsfromtheneuronalbodyalongtheaxons.WefurtherdemonstratedthatIKAPisnecessaryforaxonmaintenanceandshowedthatphosphatidylserineactsasanHDAC6inhibitortorescueneuronalfunctioninFDcells.Inthisreview,wewillhighlightourlatestresearchfindings.

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简介：Oysterextractisaneffectivebioactivitycomponent.Ithasabundantnutritionalvalueandantiviral,antitumorandimmunedefensefunctions.Theroleofoysterextractintreatingliverinjuryhasbeenpaidmoreattention.WeuseWistarratstomakealcoholicliverdiseasemodelthroughinjectingalcoholintorats'stomachs.Theseratswererandomlydividedintofivegroups:modelgroup,controlgroup,low-dose,middle-doseandhigh-doseexperimentalgroupwithadoseof0.12gkg-1,0.40gkg-1,and1.20gkg-1alcoholic.Afternineweeks,serumbiomarkers(ALT,AST,TGandTCHO),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),C3a,C5a,IL-17,TNF-ɑ,anti-MAA-HASIgG,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,NKcellactivationandzinccontentwereassessed.Theresultsshowedthattheserumbiomarkers(ALT,AST,TGandTCHO),MDAcontent,anti-MAA-HSAIgG,serumC3a,C5aIL-17andTNF-ɑlevelsofoysterextracttreatmentgroupsweresignificantlydecreasedincomparisonwithmodelgroup.Onthecontrary,GSHshowedadversetrend.SerumCD3+,CD4+andNKcellactivationweresignificantlyincreasedinmiddle-dosegroupandhigh-dosegroupcomparedwithmodelgroup,andtherewasdecreaseofCD8+activityinhigh-dosegroup.PlasmaZnlevelwasdecreasedinmodelgroupcomparedwiththatincontrolgroup.Meanwhile,MeanplasmaZnlevelsincreaseddramaticallyfollowingthedoseincreaseofagivenoysterextract.

简介：TheAMDcausesadeteriorationofthecentralfieldofvisionofthehumaneyecausedbylossoffunctionofthemacula.Themaculaisthecentralpartoftheretina,thepartthatreceivesthemostfinelydetailedinformationsinceitcontainsaconsiderablenumberofdaylightsensitiveandcoloursensitivephotoreceptorcells.PeoplewithlittleskinpigmentslikeEuropeanpeoplearemorefrequentlyaffectedthanpeoplefromtheAsiancontinentforexample.ThreequartersofthepeoplewhoareaffectedbyAMDsufferfromthedry

简介：原子受体在细胞的环境察觉到，区别，开发，动态平衡，和新陈代谢起一个必要作用并且高度因此被保存到对面多重的种类。在有免疫力的房间的原子受体的反煽动性的角色最近获得了识别。原子受体在myeloid和淋巴的房间起关键作用，特别地在助手CD4+；T房间类型17(Th17)并且规章的T房间(Treg)。Th17和Treg通过他们和表明小径的cytokine的相互作用在细胞的命运上有主要影响。最近的研究强调了在原子受体和已知的cytokine信号之间的相互作用并且这些相互作用怎么在Th17和Treg子集影响主人抄写因素的表示和功能。这评论将在调整Th17/Treg房间命运决心有关原子受体的角色集中于最近的发现。

简介：AbstractIn the past decades, skeletal muscle has become the focus of numerous studies due to its potential physiological role as an endocrine organ secreting hundreds of myokines. Among these myokines, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and irisin are novel hormone polypeptides sending signals to regulate the function of specific organs, like skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue. Both hormones have been reported to normalize glucose, improve insulin resistance, and promote lipid homeostasis, thereby preventing the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. Besides preserving pancreatic β-cell functions, FGF21 also protects pancreatic acini from inflammation and reduces proteotoxic stress via facilitating digestive enzyme secretion. Meanwhile, irisin is found to inhibit the pancreatic cancer cell growth as well. This review attempts to focus on the current knowledge of FGF21 and irisin and their effective roles in pancreas including pancreatic β- and acinar cells under various physiological conditions, its anti-diabetic actions, and the clinical implications.

简介：瞄准：讨论CT的临床的价值三维(3-D)在诊断胃肠道疾病的成像。方法：52个病人的Three-D成像调查结果回顾地被分析。Three-D成像方法包括的遮的表面显示(SSD)，显示的体积(VR)，虚拟内视镜检查法(VE)(MPR)并且多平面的重新格式化。CT3-D的诊断结果被比较内视镜检查法或外科的发现与那些评估。结果：有胃肠道疾病的52个病人被CT3-D成像，50个盒子正确地被诊断诊断，2被误诊。有胃的疾病的33个盒子(27与癌，5与消化性溃疡并且1与平滑肌瘤)并且19大肠的疾病(10与结肠癌，2与直肠的癌，5与结肠息肉并且2与回盲肠连接的肺结核)。有突出的损害的22个盒子(9与随后的空损害)，20与洞的狭窄(8与伴随物突出的损害)并且10与空损害(5与伴随物突出的损害)在3-D图象被显示出。显示出的最小的损害是1.0厘米x0.8厘米x0.5厘米。结论：CT3-D成像，没有疼痛的非侵略的考试，能清楚地并且直接与精确地点和高诊断精确性显示胃肠道的损害。它是到内视镜检查法的一种重要互补技术。

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简介：AbstractRising emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have warmed the planet substantially and are also accompanied by poor air quality. The increased prevalence of allergic airway disease worldwide can be partially attributed to those global environmental changes. Climate change and air pollution pose adverse impacts on respiratory allergies, and that the mechanisms are complex and interactive. Adverse weather conditions, such as extreme temperatures, can act directly on the respiratory tract to induce allergic respiratory illnesses. Thunderstorms and floods can alter the production and distribution of aeroallergens while wildfires and dust storms increase air pollution, and therefore indirectly enhance health risks. Concentrations of particulate matter and ozone in the air have been projected to increase with climate warming and air stagnation, and the rising temperatures and CO2 increase pollen, molds, and spores, which escalate the risk of allergic respiratory diseases. The synergistic effects of extreme heat and aeroallergens intensify the toxic effect of air pollutants, which in turn augment the allergenicity of aeroallergens. With the Earth’s climate change, migration of humans and plants shift the living environments and allergens of susceptible people. Urban residents are exposed to multiple factors while children are sensitive to environmental exposure. Since climate change may pose many unexpected and persistent effects on allergic respiratory diseases, health professionals should advocate for effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize its respiratory health effects.

简介：Theuseofspeckle-trackingechocardiography(STE)isbecominganincreasinglyusefultoolintheevaluationofmyocardialdisease.STEsoftwarecantrackthemotionofthespecularpatterncreatedbytheinterferenceofultrasoundwiththemyofibersoftheheartandprovideaquantitativemeanstoevaluatesubtlechangesinventricularfunctionthatoftenoccurbeforechangesinventricularejectionfractionareobserved.STEismostoftenusedtomeasurethechangeinshape(strain)ofmyocardialsegmentsinthecircumferential,radial,andlongitudinaldirections.Invariousdiseases,includingcoronaryarterydisease,aorticstenosis,andmitralregurgitation,deficitsinlongitudinalstrainappeartooccurearlierthandeficitsinothermeasuresofstrainorinejectionfraction.ConsiderationofSTEmeasuresofleftventricularcontractionhasthepotentialtosignificantlyaffectclinicalmanagementandoutcomesofischemicandvalvularheartdiseasegiventheabilitytoseparatethosewithasymptomaticdiseasewhomaybenefitfromearlierinterventionsthancurrentguidelinesmaysuggest.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have long been overlooked in the global health agenda. They are intimately related to poverty, cause important local burdens of disease, but individually do not represent global priorities. Yet, NTDs were estimated to affect close to 2 billion people at the turn of the millennium, with a collective burden equivalent to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or malaria. A global response was therefore warranted.Main text:The World Health Organization (WHO) conceived an innovative strategy in the early 2000s to combat NTDs as a group of diseases, based on a combination of five public health interventions. Access to essential NTD medicines has hugely improved thanks to strong public-private partnership involving the pharmaceutical sector. The combination of a WHO NTD roadmap with clear targets to be achieved by 2020 and game-changing partner commitments endorsed in the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases, have led to unprecedented progress in the implementation of large-scale preventive treatment, case management and care of NTDs. The coming decade will see as challenges the mainstreaming of these NTD interventions into Universal Health Coverage and the coordination with other sectors to get to the roots of poverty and scale up transmission-breaking interventions. Chinese expertise with the elimination of multiple NTDs, together with poverty reduction and intersectoral action piloted by municipalities and local governments, can serve as a model for the latter. The international community will also need to keep a specific focus on NTDs in order to further steer this global response, manage the scaling up and sustainment of NTD interventions globally, and develop novel products and implementation strategies for NTDs that are still lagging behind.Conclusions:The year 2020 will be crucial for the future of the global response to NTDs. Progress against the 2020 roadmap targets will be assessed, a new 2021-2030 NTD roadmap will be launched, and the London Declaration commitments will need to be renewed. It is hoped that during the coming decade the global response will be able to further build on today's successes, align with the new global health and development frameworks, but also keep focused attention on NTDs and mobilize enough resources to see the effort effectively through to 2030.

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简介：Recentstudieshaveshownthattheglycation-associateddamageisnotlimitedtopatientswithdiabetes.Becauseoftheirassociationwithoxidativestress,advancedglycationend-products(AGEs)havealsobeenimplicatedinmanyneurodegenerativediseases,suchasHuntingtondisease,amyotrophiclateralsclerosis,andAlzheimerdisease(Yanetal.,

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简介：AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Characterized pathologically by intestinal inflammation and epithelial injury, great challenges exist for the treatment of IBD due to its complicated etiology and incurable nature. Traditional strategies rely on frequent and long-term administration of high dosages of anti-inflammatory drugs, which inevitably cause side effects. Therefore, novel therapeutic methods and drug delivery systems capable of improving therapeutic effect while simultaneously decreasing side effects need to be developed. The emergence of nanotechnology provides alternative approaches for diagnosis and treatment of IBD, as nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physicochemical properties such as targeting to the site of inflammation and the ability to alter the pharmacokinetics of traditional drugs. This review first introduces the pathophysiological features and microenvironment of IBD, and then summarizes different strategies and mechanisms of NP-based colon-targeted drug delivery systems, including size-dependent, multi-stimuli responsive, active targeting, intestinal microbiota-related, and novel natural-derived NP-mediated drug delivery systems. We also discuss applications of nanozymes and NP-based imaging in diagnostics and treatment of IBD. Finally, challenges and prospects in the field are proposed to promote the development of targeted drug delivery for IBD treatment.

简介：A29-year-oldmanwasadmittedforerythema,papulesanderosions.Erosionsandpurulentsecretionswereseeninthecircumferenceofthemouth,eyes,oralmucosa,tongue,andpreputium.Conjunctivaswereswollenandtheurethralorificewasred,bothwereaccompaniedbypurulentsecretions.Multiplevesicleswereshowninthepenis.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwith:①Stevens-Johnsonsyndrome;②gonococcalophthalmoblennorrhea;③nongonococcalurethritis,gonococcalurethritis;④genitalherpes;⑤mediastinaltumor.

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简介：AbstractThe World Health Organization’s first roadmap and the London Declaration on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have allowed an unprecedented expansion of interventions to control and eliminate this group of infectious diseases that primarily affects vulnerable or marginalised communities. The 2021-2030 NTD roadmap sustains a further acceleration of interventions but also introduces a broader and more ambitious agenda, calling to be accompanied by a new political declaration. Sponsored by the Government of Rwanda, the Kigali Declaration on neglected tropical diseases will be launched in 2022 to renew and reinvigorate commitments to end NTDs, also in the wake of the current setback caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting on World NTD Day 2022, a global campaign "100% Committed" will call on a broad range of stakeholders to sign the declaration and make bold financial and political commitments towards achieving the 2030 roadmap and Sustainable Development Goals' targets for NTDs.

简介：AbstractBackgrounds:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of deaths nationwide. However, little is understood about its temporal trend and corresponding influence on longevity improvements. We aimed to describe the updated tendency in CVD mortality and to quantify its impact on life expectancy (LE) increase in China.Methods:All-cause mortality rates were calculated with population sizes from the National Bureau of Statistics and death counts from the National Health Commission. We estimated CVD mortality rates by allocating age- and sex-based mortality envelopes to each CVD subtype based on its proportion derived from the Disease Surveillance Points system. The probability of CVD premature deaths and LE were calculated with life tables and we adopted Arriaga’s method to quantitate age- and cause-specific contributions to LE gains.Results:During 2013 to 2018, the age-standardized mortality rate of CVD decreased from 289.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 289.03, 290.35)/100,000 to 272.37 (95%CI: 271.81, 272.94)/100,000, along with a decline in probability of CVD premature deaths from 9.05% (95%CI: 9.02%, 9.09%) to 8.13% (95%CI: 8.10%, 8.16%). The gap in CVD mortality across sexes expanded with more remarkable declines in females, especially for those aged 15 to 64 years. Among major subtypes, the probability of premature deaths from hemorrhage stroke declined fastest, while improvements of ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease were limited, and there was an increase in stroke sequelae. LE in China reached 77.04 (95%CI: 76.96, 77.12) years in 2018 with an increase of 1.38 years from 2013. Of the total LE gains, 21.15% (0.29 years) were attributed to reductions of CVD mortality in the overall population, mostly driven by those aged >65 years.Conclusions:The general process in reducing CVD mortality has contributed to longevity improvements in China. More attention should be paid to prevention and control of atherosclerotic CVD and stroke sequelae, especially for the elderly. Working-age males also deserve additional attention due to inadequate improvements.