简介:产后尿潴留是指产后6~8h不能自行排尿或排尿不畅致尿液不能排净,是产后常见的并发症,手术助产时尿潴留的发生率明显升高[1]。常影响子宫收缩,导致产后阴道出血量增多,不仅给产妇增加痛苦,也是造成产后泌尿系感染的重要因素。1临床资料1.1一般资料:我科2007年1月至2007年12月共收治产妇1068例,年龄22~43(平均28.3)岁,其中发生产后尿潴留15例,产后尿潴留发生率1.4%。1.2方法:①心理疏导:消除因尿潴留而产生的焦虑和紧张情绪,酌情协助卧床产妇取适当体位,如扶产妇略抬高上身或坐起,尽可能使产妇以习惯的姿势排尿,在病情许可情况下,可下床试行排尿。②利用条件反射,让产妇听流水声,产生尿意诱导排尿。③用热水熏洗会阴或用温水缓缓冲洗尿道外口周围,刺激尿道口周围神经感受器而排尿。④用热毛巾或热水袋置于产妇下腹部膀胱区热敷或轻轻按摩,可消除膀胱三角区水肿,增加逼尿肌收缩力,松弛尿道括约肌痉挛而促进排尿。⑤肌肉注射新斯的明0.5~1mg,兴奋膀胱逼尿肌促使排尿。⑥开塞露2支40ml挤入肛门内,保留15~20min,刺激直肠黏膜使肠蠕动加快,反射性刺激膀胱肌壁,使膀胱逼尿肌收缩,内括约肌松弛而导致排尿...
简介:Fivehumicfractionswereobtainedfromauniformly^15N-labelledsoilbyextractionwith0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7,0.1molL^-1NaOH,andHF/HCl-0.1molL^-1NaOH,consecutively,andanalyzedby^13Cand^15NCPMASNMR(crosspolarizationandmagicanglespinningnuclearmagneticresonace).Comparedwiththoseofnativesoilshumicfractionsstudiedasawholecontainedmorealkyls,methoxylsandO-alkyls,being27%-36%,17%-21%and36%-40%,respectively,butfeweraromaticsandcarboxyls(bein14%-20%and13%-90%,respectively),Amongthosehumicfractions,thehumicacid(HA)andfulvicacid(FA)extractedby0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7containedslightlymorecarboxylsthancorrespondinghumicfractionsextractedby0.1molL^-1NaOH,andtheHAextactedby0.1molL^-1NaOHaftertreatmentwithHF/HClcontainedtheleastaromaticsandcarboxyls.Thedistributionofnitrogenfunctionalgroupsofsoilhumicfractionsstudiedwasquitesimilartoeachotherandalsoquitesimilartothatofhumicfractionfromnativesoils.Morethan75%oftotalNineachfractionwasinamidefrom,with9%-13%presentasaromaticand/oraliphaticaminesandtheremainderasheerocyclicN.