简介：Inthelastdecadestheinterestinthebiomassgasificationprocesshasincreasedduetothegrowingattentiontotheuseofsustainableenergy.Biomassisarenewableenergysourceandrepresentsavalidalternativetofossilfuels.Gasificationisthethermochemicalconversionofanorganicmaterialintoavaluablegaseousproduct,calledsyngas,andasolidproduct,calledchar.Thebiomassgasificationrepresentsanefficientprocessfortheproductionofpowerandheatandtheproductionofhydrogenandsecond-generationbiofuels.Thispaperdealswiththestateoftheartbiomassgasificationtechnologies,evaluatingadvantagesanddisadvantages,thepotentialuseofthesyngasandtheapplicationofthebiomassgasification.Syngascleaningthoughfundamentaltoevaluateanygasificationtechnologyisnotincludedinthispapersince;intheauthors'opinion,adedicatedreviewisnecessary.

简介：Wereviewthestateoftheartandourperspectivesonsiliconandhybridsiliconphotonicdevicesforopticalinterconnectsindatacenters.Afterabriefdiscussionofthekeyrequirementsforintra-datacenteropticalinterconnects,weproposeawavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM)-basedopticalinterconnectforintra-datacenterapplications.Followingourproposedinterconnectsconfiguration,thebulkofthereviewemphasizesrecentdevelopmentsconcerningon-chiphybridsiliconmicrolasersandWDMtransmitters,andsiliconphotonicswitchfabricsforintra-datacenters.ForhybridsiliconmicrolasersandWDMtransmitters,weoutlinetheremainingchallengesandkeyissuestowardrealizinglowpowerconsumption,directmodulation,andintegrationofmultiwavelengthmicrolaserarrays.Forsiliconphotonicswitchfabrics,wereviewvarioustopologiesandconfigurationsofhigh-port-countN-by-NswitchfabricsusingMach–Zehnderinterferometersandmicroringresonatorsasswitchelements,anddiscusstheirprospectstowardpracticalimplementationswithactivereconfiguration.Forthemicroring-basedswitchfabrics,wereviewrecentdevelopmentsofactivestabilizationschemesatthesubsystemlevel.Last,weoutlineseverallargechallengesandproblemsforsiliconandhybridsiliconphotonicstomeetforintra-datacenterapplicationsandproposepotentialsolutions.