贵州省兴仁县第一中学余顺珍
首先,状语从句的概念。能起副词作用的从句叫做副词从句。由于副词的主要作用是充当句子的状语,所以也叫作状语从句(Adverbialclause)。主要的状语从句根据语义关系分为13种:时间状语从句(clauseoftime);地点状语从句(clauseofplace);原因状语从句(clauseofreason);目的状语从句(clauseofpurpose);结果状语从句(clauseofresult);程度状语从句(clauseofdegree);条件状语从句(clauseofcondition);方式状语从句(clauseofmanner);让步状语从句(clauseofconcession);比较状语从句(clauseofcomparing)。
目前,在高考中每年有不同的状语从句会在高考试题中出现,我们可以从中看到状语从句的考点还是比较多的。例如:
1._____hecomes,wewon’tbeabletogo.
A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even
2.Thehorseisgettingoldandcanrun_____itdid.
A.asfasterasB.sofastthan
C.sofasterasD.asfastas
3.Shetoldus_____storythatweallforgetaboutthetime.
A.suchaninterestingB.suchinteresting
C.soaninterestingD.asointeresting
4.Thisyeartheyhaveproduced_____grain____theydidlastyear.
A.aslessasB.asfewas
C.lessthanD.fewerthan
5.Ihurried____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.
A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless
6._____thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.
A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As
7.______sheisyoung,sheknowsquitealot.
A.WhenB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless
8.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,______.
A.hisworksarenotwidelyread
B.buthisworksarenotwidelyread
C.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyread
D.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread
9,Goandgetyourcoat.It’s_____youleftit.
A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere
10.---Whatwasthepartylike?
---Wonderful.It’syears____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.
A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since
11.---CanIjoinyourclub,dad?
---Youcanwhenyou____abitolder.
A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot
12.---Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.
---Ifshe______,shewouldhavemetmybrother.
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
13.MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especially___fatherwasawayinFrance.
A.asB.thatC.duringD.if
14.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,______,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.
A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while
答案是:1---5:BDACB6---10:DCABD
11---14:ADAD
从中我们可以看到状语从句考查的次数和范围都是比较广泛的,如下面例句的解释可以更好地帮助我们学习和掌握状语从句。例如:
1,Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthanDavid.
A.aswellB,aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas
答案:B。
此题关键在于能否辨认出句中的状语从句。Ifnotbetterthan为more…than的比较结构,插入成分。根据句意,空白处as…as比较结构意为“如果不是比大卫踢得好,也与他踢得一样好”,故选B。否定句才用so…as结构,themore…,themore…等词引导,比较从句部分常是省略句。如:
Iknowyoubetterthanhedoes.
Themorewecandoforothers,thehappierwewillbe.
2.______,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.
A.HoweverlateisheB.Howeverheislate
C.HoweverD.Howeverlateheis
答案:D
However修饰形容词或副词相当于nomatterhow,如Howeverrichsheis,shealwaysfeelssad.=Nomatterhowrichsheis,shealwaysfeelssad.
3.We’llhavetofinishthejob,______.
A.longittakeshoweverB.ittakeshoweverlong
C.longhoweverittakesD.howeverlongittakes
答案:D
本题考查程度副词however引导状语从句的用法。However=(towhateverdegree)“不管到什么程度”,引导的状语从句中however所强调的形容词或副词应紧随其后。如:HoweverhungryJaneis,shegoesonworking.
However还可以修饰动词。Howeveryoutravel,itwilltakeyouatleastthreedays.
疑问词+ever构成的复合词用法如下:
(1)引导名词性从句,还可以引导让步状语从句。
Nomatterwhathappens,youdon’tloseheart.=Whateverhappens,youdon’tloseheart.
(2)whenever引导时间状语从句,Wherever引导地点状语从句。
Youmayleavewhenever=(atanytime)youwantto.
Whenever=Nomatterwhenithappened,itwascertainlynotyesterday.
Youhavetimetogowhereveryoulike(wherever=toanyplace).
Whereverhewent,heexchangedexperimentswithpeople.(wherever=nomatterwhere)
注意:引导让步状语从句时,疑问词+ever=nomatter+疑问词,但在名词性从句中不可以互换,一般只用疑问词+ever结构。
4.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe______.
A.willarriveB.arrives
C.isgoingtoarrivesD.isarriving
答案;B
在assoonas,ifunless,before,until,themoment及nomatter+疑问词、疑问词+ever等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,现在完成时表示将来完成时,过去完成时表示过去将来完成时。如:
Iwon’tgooutunlessmyworkhasbeendone.
I’llgotothetheatretomorrowifIhavetime.
5.MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especially_____fatherwasawayinFrance.
A.asB.thatC.duringD.if
答案:A
该题考查状语从句,根据上下句的结构判断这是一个状语从句。句中说明mother着急的两个原因。B、D不合题意,故选A。
As引导的是原因状语从句,因为as,because,since都引导原因状语从句,但不同于表示直接原因或者理由的because,其重点在从句中,一般用来回答why问句,语气最强。如:
Whyareyoulate?BecauseImissedthebus.
再如:Shewasabsenttodaybecauseshewasill.
As表示的原因十分明显,多说明因果关系,重点在主句上,语气较弱。
如:Asitisrainingheavily,weshallnotgotothepark.
Asthemoonisnearertous,itlooksbigger.
As位置可放在句首,也可以放在句末。
Since表示对方已知的、无须加以说明的既成事实的理由,全句中心在主句,语气比because弱。如Sinceyoucan’tgothere,I’llgolate.
另外for也可作并列连词(不用于句首,较because正式,少用于口语中,但语气比because弱)。
Thedaybreaks,forthebirdsaresinging.
For常表示一种推理或解释,或附加的说明,而不是指理由和原因。如:Wemustgetridofcarelessness,foritoftenleadstoerrors.
“for”表示因果关系时,可用because代替,但for前须用逗号,而because不必用逗号。
Youcouldn’thavebeentherebecauseitwasn’ttherefiveyearsago.
Youcouldn’thavebeenthere,foritwasn’ttherefiveyearsago.
综上所述,我们现在已经了解了状语从句在高考中是出现频率比较多的一类题目,因而在英语教学中我们应当注意状语从句的教学和讲解,让学生由浅入深、由易到难地了解和掌握状语从句,使他们最终能运用自如,达到举一反三的目的。在今后的教学中,我还要注意收集和积累更多的考点来教授给学生,使之更好地为学生服务。