it的用法

it的用法

徐俊燕祝雪丽

山东青州第一中学徐俊燕祝雪丽

1.指无生命物体，动物，植物，在性别不详时也指人或幼孩，“它”。

1)Thereisarosebushnearthefenceanditisverybeautiful.

2)Thereisapersonknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?

2.指心目中或上文中的人或物，“这，那，它”。

1)Althoughwecan’tseeit,thereisairallaroundus.

2)Mypenismissing.Ican’tfinditanywhere.

3.用以代替指示代词this,that，“这，那”。

—What’sthisinEnglish?

—It’sacomputer.

4.作无人称代词的主语，表示时间、天气、距离、温度、环境、情况等。

1)What’stheweatherliketoday?---It’scloudy.

2)Ifitisconvenienttoyou,Iamgoingtovisityou.

3)It’saboutanight’sjourneytotheplacebytrain.

5.it用作形式主语,把真正的主语（不定式短语，动名词短语或者名词性从句）置于句尾。

1)Itisnecessarytokeepthebalanceofnature.

2)Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.

3)ItisamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometersinanafternoon.

注意：

(1)在“Itdoesn’tmatter…”结构中一般用一般现在时。

Itdoesn’tmatterwhenyouleave.

(2)在“It’simportant/strange/necessarythatsb.(should)do”及“It’sapity/ashame/nowonderthatsb.(should)do”结构中常用虚拟语气来表达惋惜，惊奇，理应如此等情绪，should可以省略。

(3)在“Itisrequired/requested/demanded/recommended/ordered/proposedthatsb.(should)do”结构中，表示“请求，愿望，命令，建议”，用虚拟语气，should可以省略.

6.it用作形式宾语，把真正的宾语（不定式短语，动名词短语或者名词性从句）置于句尾。

1)Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.

2)Peoplethinkitnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.

3)Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.

4)Hemadeitclearthathedidn’twanttotalkaboutit.

7.表模糊概念，无补语，指代从句所叙述的内容。

1)IhateitthatI’vemadesomanymistakes.

2)Youmaydependonittheyarevaluable.

8.Itis+adj+forsbtodosth修饰物（当使用for时，它所引出的名词或代词只是后面动词不定式的逻辑主语，而不是前面形容词的逻辑主语。）

1)Itiseasyforustolistentotheteacherattentively

2)It’simportantforyoutoobeytherules.

9.It’s+adj+ofsbtodosth修饰人（当使用for时，它所引出的名词或代词不但是后面动词不定式的逻辑主语，而且也是前面形容词的逻辑主语，所以，这种句子中的形容词一般都是表示人的特性的形容词。）

1)Itwasselfishofhimnottocontributeanything.

2)Itwasstupidofhertomakesuchamistake.

10.it用于强调句型中

⑴it用于强调句型“Itis/was…that/who…”中，被强调部分指人时用who/that引导。可用强调句型来分别强调句中的主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语等，强调句中应避免使用when,where,which等词。

1)Humanactivityhascausedthisglobalwarming.

→Itishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarming.（强调主语）

→Itisthisglobalwarmingthathumanactivityhascaused.（强调宾语）

2)IsawJohninthestreetthismorning.

→ItwasIwho/thatsawJohninthestreetthismorning.（主语）

→ItwasJohnthat/whomIsawinthestreetthismorning.（强调宾语）

→ItwasinthestreetthatIsawJohnthismorning.（强调地点状语）

→ItwasthismorningthatIsawJohninthestreet.（强调时间状语）

注意:如果去掉itis(was)+that仍能单独成句，就是强调句型，反之，则是名词性从句。如：

1)Itisfromthesunthatwegetheatandlight.（此句是强调句）

→Fromthesunwegetheatandlight.

2)Itisstrangethatshemarrysuchanoldman.（此句是主语从句，变成名词性从句时句首加上that才正确。）

→Thatshemarrysuchanoldmanisstrange.（√）

→Strangethatshemarrysuchanoldman.（×）

⑵it用于强调句型“Itis/wasnotuntil…that…”中。

“Itis/wasnotuntil…that…”已成为固定的强调句型“直到…才…”。

1)Itwasnotuntilwellintothe1950sthattheblackpeoplewereabletovote.直到五十年代末期黑人才有了选举权。

2)ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIknewthenewsofthefamousactress’death.

⑶it用于特殊疑问句的强调

强调特殊疑问句时把疑问词提前到句首，is/was置于it前，从句用陈述句语序。

1)WhenwasitthatNewChinawasfounded?

2)Wherewasitthatthelostcamerawasfound?

11.it用于其它句型中(容易与强调句型混淆的句型)

⑴It’sone’sturntodosth.

It’smyturntobeonduty.

⑵Itbe…before…

1)Itisnotlongbeforehewentaboard.

2)Itwillbehoursbeforehearriveshere.

⑶Itbe/hasbeen…since…

1)Itisthreeyearssincehelefttheschool.他毕业有三年了。

2)Itisthreeyearssincehestudiedattheschool.他不上学有三年了。

注意：since后跟短暂性动词时，表示此动作已开始多长时间了；since后跟延续性动词时，表示此动作已结束多长时间了。

⑷Itbe…when…

1)Itwasteno’clockinthemorningwhenhecameback.

2)ItwasSeptember10,1998whenIwenttoBeijingUniversity.

⑸Itbe….where…

ItisthetownwhereIwasborn.

⑹Soitiswith…

Heisagoodswimmerandcanswimacrosstheriver,soitiswithhisbrother.

⑺itisthefirsttimethat+havedone…

Itwasthefirsttimethat+haddone…

Itis(high)timethat…+did(shoulddo…)

1)Itishightimethathewenttoschool.(用虚拟语气)

2)ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.

3)ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedtheplace.

12.注意下列结构用there而不要it

Thereissomethingwrongwith…有毛病

Thereisnodoubtthat…毫无疑问

Thereisnoneedtodo…不需要，不必…

Thereisnodenying…不可否认…

Thereisnohurryabout无需慌忙…

Thereisdodifficultyin…方面没困难…

Thereisnopossibilitythat…没可能…

Thereisnosense/pointindoing…是无意义的

巩固练习：

1.Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith_______extrastresses.

A.itB.themC.oneD.him

2.It’stenyears______wemetlasttime.

whenB.thatC.sinceD.which

3._______feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.

A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That

4．Hedidn’tmake______clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.

A.thisB.thatC.itD.these

5.TheinformationontheInternetgetsaroundmuchmorerapidlythan______inthenewspaper.

A.itB.thoseC.oneD.that

6.IpreferaflatinInvernessto_______inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMom’s.

A.oneB.thatC.itD.this

7.Heistryingtowinthefirstprizeinthecompetition,buthewon’tfind_____easy.

A.oneB.itC.themD.this

8.---I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.

---Well,maybe_____isnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.

A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it

9._______worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.

A.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.It

10.---Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabestseller.

---Whenwas_______?

---_______wasin2000whenhewasstillincollege.

A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It

11.______isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.

A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It

12.Thenumber9.11isaspecialnumber,______,Ithink,thatwillberememberedbytheAmericansforever.

A.whatB.itC.whichD.one

13.It’stime______supper.

A.havingB.tohaveC.hadD.have

14.Itisstrangethathe_____hismindagain.

A.changesB.mustchangeC.changeD.willchange

15.______beingweekend,theshopwasopen.

A.ThatB.ItC.ThisD.Itis

16.Itwasnotuntil1936_____basketballbecamearegularpartoftheOlympicGames.

A.thatB.whenC.whichD.then

17.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whois______?

A.heB.sheC.itD.that

18.Ourteachersalwaysexplaineverydetailtous;______isverykindofthem.

A.whoB.itC.whichD.that

19.It’snogood_____.

A.smokeB.smokingC.thatyousmokeD.foryoutosmoke

20.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

A.itB.thatC.theseD.them

21.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.______youwantmetosay?

A．WhatisitthatB.Whatitisthat

C.HowisitthatD.Howisitthat

22.Hisparentskepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,but_____didn’thelp.

A.whichB.itC.whoD.he

23.Itisnoteasy_____Chinesestudents______Englishwell.

A.of;tolearnB.for;tolearnC.for;learnedD.of;learned

答案：1-5ACCCD6-10ABDDD11-15DDBCB16-20ACCBA21-23ABB