简介：摘要：近年来，随着教育体制的深化改革，数学概念教育逐渐受到人们的重视。教师可以提炼抽象概念，引入创新概念，完成有效的数学概念教育。学生对学习概念和学习数学的基础知识有扎实的认识，对每个概念的含义有清晰的认识，提高了学生的数学学习效率。本文立足小学四年级，对数学概念教学进行了深入研究，并给出了几点教学的策略，希望对大家有所启发。

简介：　　摘要：目的 探讨小儿麻疹并脑炎早期观察和护理，及时控制脑炎发展。方法 对65例麻疹并脑炎患儿积极治疗的同时，将患儿给单独病房严密隔离，严密观察神志变化，注意瞳孔情况，密切观察有无头痛，恶心，呕吐，特别注意体温变化，加强基础护理，给予心理护理。结果 65例麻疹并脑炎患儿全部痊愈出院，无1例脑炎加重，无1例死亡。结论 小儿麻疹并脑炎，是急性呼吸道传染病，患儿年龄小，病情发展快，并发症严重，易造成不良后果，及时治愈，有效控制传染病有重要意义。 

简介：　　【摘要】 目的 探讨临床路径在猩红热患儿诊疗护理中的应用价值。方法 60例猩红热患儿， 随机分为对照组和临床路径组， 每组 30例。对照组患儿给予一般护理， 临床路径组患儿给予临床护理路径。比较两组患儿家属护理满意度 ;猩红热诊疗总时间、猩红热病情改善时间、治疗费用 ;护理前后生命质量指标以及心理健康指标 ;不良反应发生情况。结果 临床路径组患儿家属护理满意度为 100.00%（ 30/30）， 显著高于对照组的 70.00%（ 21/30）， 差异具有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。护理前， 两组患儿生理职能、社会功能、躯体功能、整体健康以及焦虑、抑郁评分比较， 差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。护理后， 两组患儿的生理职能、社会功能、躯体功能及整体健康评分均明显高于护理前， 焦虑、抑郁评分均明显低于护理前， 且临床路径组患儿的生理职能、社会功能、躯体功能及整体健康评分均明显高于对照组， 焦虑、抑郁评分均明显低于对照组， 差异均具有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。临床路径组患儿猩红热诊疗总时间、猩红热病情改善时间分别为（ 8.41±3.12）、（ 3.41±1.34） d， 均明显短于对照组的（ 10.41±3.16）、（ 6.24±1.01） d， 治疗费用（ 5436.42±1343.22）元明显少于对照组的（ 7636.86±1367.22）元， 差异均具有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。临床路径组患儿不良反应发生率为 3.33%（ 1/30）， 明显低于对照组的 20.00%（ 6/30）， 差异具有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。结论  猩红热患儿实施临床护理路径可获得良好效果， 能够显著提高患儿的生命质量， 减轻焦虑、抑郁情绪， 缩短治疗时间， 减少治疗费用， 提高患儿家属护理满意度。  　　【关键词】 临床路径 ;猩红热 ;诊疗护理 ;应用价值  [Abstract] Objective To explore the application value of clinical pathway in the diagnosis, treatment and nursing of scarlet fever children. Methods 60 children with scarlet fever were randomly divided into control group and clinical pathway group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was given general nursing, the clinical pathway group was given clinical nursing pathway. The nursing satisfaction, the total time of diagnosis and treatment, the time of improvement of scarlet fever, the cost of treatment, the indicators of life quality and mental health before and after nursing, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results the nursing satisfaction of family members in clinical pathway group was 100.00% (30 / 30), significantly higher than that in control group (70.00% (21 / 30), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Before nursing, there was no significant difference in the scores of physiological function, social function, physical function, overall health, anxiety and depression between the two groups (P > 0.05). After nursing, the scores of physiological function, social function, physical function and overall health of children in the two groups were significantly higher than those before nursing, and the scores of anxiety and depression were significantly lower than those before nursing. The scores of physiological function, social function, physical function and overall health of children in the clinical pathway group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the scores of anxiety and depression were significantly lower than those in the control group, The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The total diagnosis and treatment time and the improvement time of scarlet fever in clinical pathway group were (8.41 ± 3.12), (3.41 ± 1.34) days, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in control group (10.41 ± 3.16), (6.24 ± 1.01) days, and the treatment cost (5436.42 ± 1343.22) yuan was significantly lower than those in control group (7636.86 ± 1367.22), with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the clinical pathway group was 3.33% (1 / 30), which was significantly lower than that in the control group (20.00% (6 / 30). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion the implementation of clinical nursing pathway for children with scarlet fever can achieve good results, can significantly improve the quality of life of children, reduce anxiety and depression, shorten the treatment time, reduce the cost of treatment, and improve the nursing satisfaction of children's families.

简介：　　【摘 要】目的：观察小儿流行性感冒的护理效果。方法：选取从 2017年 9月 -2019年 9月我院收治的 48例小儿流行性感冒患儿作为研究对象，根据护理方法，分为单纯的常规护理干预对照组（ n=24），与此常规护理上采用精心护理的观察组（ n=24），观察两组的其患病原因，针对主要原因给予临床护理，比较家属对其护理的满意度。结果：采用精心护理的观察组护理满意度为 91.66%，明显高于对照组的 79.1%（ P<0.05）。結论：对流行性感冒患儿进行精心的护理，可以使患儿的感冒痊愈，提高患儿的康复效率，减轻患儿的痛苦，护理效果良好，值得推广。  　　【关键词】流行性感冒 ;常规护理 ;精心护理  [Abstract] Objective: To observe the nursing effect of children with influenza. Methods: 48 children with influenza admitted from September 2017 to September 2019 in our hospital were selected as the research objects. According to the nursing methods, they were divided into the simple routine nursing intervention control group (n = 24), and the observation group (n = 24), which used careful nursing in the routine nursing, observed the causes of the two groups, gave clinical nursing for the main reasons, and compared the nursing of the family members Satisfaction. Results: the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 91.66%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (79.1%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the careful nursing of the children with influenza can make the children recover from the cold, improve the rehabilitation efficiency, reduce the pain of the children, and the nursing effect is good, which is worth popularizing.

简介：　　【摘要】 目的 研究舒适护理模式在小儿水痘护理中的应用效果。方法 68例水痘患儿， 随机分为对照组和观察组， 各 34例。对照组采用常规护理， 观察组采用舒适护理， 比较两组护理效果。结果 观察组护理巡视评分为（ 25.19±3.76）分、护理宣教评分为（ 24.72±9.29）分、心理舒适评分为（ 22.58±7.30）分、生理舒适评分为（ 24.20±5.38）分、护理质量总评分为（ 93.11±9.82）分 ;对照组护理巡视评分为（ 21.62±5.85）分、护理宣教评分为（ 20.05±5.98）分、心理舒适评分为（ 17.51±8.22）分、生理舒适评分为（ 19.96±6.15）分、护理质量总评分为（ 81.02±8.10）分 ;观察组护理巡视评分、护理宣教评分、心理舒适评分、生理舒适评分及护理质量总评分明显高于对照组， 差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。观察组痂落自愈时间（ 5.50±0.10） d、全部结痂时间（ 3.01±0.05） d、瘙痒消失时间（ 0.95±0.06） d均短于对照组的（ 11.48±0.22）、（ 5.30±0.18）、（ 2.20±0.02） d， 差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。结论 舒适护理模式可以改善水痘患儿的护理质量， 从而缩短临床症状消失时间， 改善护理效果， 值得推广。  　　【关键词】 小儿水痘 ;舒适护理模式 ;常规护理  [Abstract] Objective To study the application effect of comfortable nursing mode in children's varicella nursing. Methods 68 children with varicella were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 34 cases each. Routine nursing was used in the control group and comfortable nursing was used in the observation group. Results the nursing patrol score of the observation group was（ twenty-five point one nine + three point seven six ） The score of nursing education is（ twenty-four point seven two + nine point two nine ） The score of psychological comfort is（ twenty-two point five eight + seven point three zero ） The score of physical comfort is（ twenty-four point two zero + five point three eight ） The total score of nursing quality is（ ninety-three point one one + nine point eight two ） Points; The nursing patrol score of the control group was（ twenty-one point six two + five point eight five ） The score of nursing education is（ twenty point zero five + five point nine eight ） The score of psychological comfort is（ seventeen point five one + eight point two two ） The score of physical comfort is（ nineteen point nine six + six point one five ） The total score of nursing quality is（ eighty-one point zero two + eight point one zero ） Points; The observation group nursing patrol score, nursing propaganda score, psychological comfort score, physiological comfort score and total nursing quality score were significantly higher than the control group (P< zero point zero five ）。 Observation group scab fall self-healing time（ five point five zero + zero point one zero ） d. Total scab time（ three point zero one + zero point zero five ） d. Disappearance time of pruritus（ zero point nine five + zero point zero six ） D was shorter than that of the control group（ eleven point four eight + zero point two two ）、（ five point three zero + zero point one eight ）、（ two point two zero + zero point zero two ） d. The difference was statistically significant (P< zero point zero five ）。 Conclusion comfortable nursing mode can improve the nursing quality of varicella children, shorten the disappearance time of clinical symptoms and improve the nursing effect, which is worth popularizing.

简介：　　【摘要】 目的 对门诊静脉采血的护理措施及预防采血过程中出现交叉感染的对策进行研究。方法 200例门诊需静脉采血患者， 将其随机分为对照组和观察组， 各 100例。对照组患者采用常规护理， 观察组患者在常规护理的基础上采用专业静脉采血护理干预。比较两组患者采血后并发症发生率。  　　结果 静脉采血后， 观察组患者中淤青 1例， 静脉炎 0例， 并发症发生率为 1%；对照组患者中皮下渗血 4例， 静脉炎 3例， 并发症发生率为 7%。观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组， 差异具有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。结论 专业静脉采血护理干预可以大大的降低采血后并发症发生的几率， 并且在采血过程中， 采取一定的方式预防交叉感染， 可以防止给患者及医护人员的身体带来伤害， 在临床上具有极大的意义， 值得展开广泛的推广。  　　【关键词】 门诊； 静脉采血 ；护理措施； 交叉感染  [Abstract] Objective To study the nursing measures of venous blood collection and the prevention of cross infection in the process of blood collection. Methods 200 outpatients were randomly divided into two groups: control group and observation group. The patients in the control group were treated with routine nursing, and the patients in the observation group were treated with professional venous blood sampling nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing. The incidence of complications was compared between the two groups.