简介:wheneconomicandpoliticalreformsbeganinthelate1970sandearly1980s,pp.17-32.,bothChinaandVietnampossessedlessfully-developedlabourmarketsinurbanareasthanwascommoninEasternEurope.WhereasemployeesintheEuropeansocialistnationswereaccustomedtoswitchingjobsinquestofbetteropportunities(intheUSSRduringthe1970sandearly1980s