简介：在哺乳动物的胚胎，内部房间团(ICM)的分离和trophectoderm(TE)的第一种房间命运选择，，被抄写因素，Oct4和Cdx2的互相对抗的效果调整pluripotency因素，Nanog，是必要的指定epiblast。我们分析了Nanog和Cdx2的倡导者，并且发现了这二个抄写因素同样相互地被调整。用有有条件的TE区别的一根胚胎的干细胞线，我们证明Nanogoverexpression压制TE标记的upregulation，当时Nanog击倒的upregulatesTE标记的表示。我们推进Nanog和Cdx2绑在并且镇压的表演对方的倡导者。而Nanog大美人在ICM导致可检测的Cdx2表示，我们不管多么不观察胚囊开发的公开混乱，显示Nanog起到在ICM和TE的分离的Oct4的一个谄媚的作用。

简介：

简介：转变生长因素贝它(发信号的TGF-尾)/bonemorphogenic蛋白质(BMP)涉及绝大多数细胞的过程并且在所有metazoans的全部生活期间是根本上重要的。TGF-尾/BMP活动的解除管制几乎总是导致发展缺点或疾病，包括癌症。TGF-尾/BMP小径的合适的工作与另外的发信号的小径取决于它的组成、广泛的通讯，导致synergistic或对抗效果和最后理想的生物结果。如此的发信号的串音的性质是压倒性地复杂的并且高度上下文依赖者。这里，我们考察在TGF-尾/BMP和激活Mitogen的蛋白质kinase，phosphatidylinositol-3kinase/Akt，Wnt，刺猬，槽口，和interleukin/interferon-gamma/tumor坏死factor-alpha的发信号的小径之间的串音的不同模式cytokines，与内在的分子的机制上的一个重音。

简介：WeclonedcDNAsforXenopusaldolasesA,BandC.Thesethreealdolasegenesarelocalizedondifferentchromosomesasasinglecopygene.Intheadult,thealdolaseAgeneisexpressedextensivelyinmuscletissues,whereasthealdolaseBgeneisexpressedstronglyinkidney,liver,stomachandintestine,whilethealdolaseCgeneisexpressedinbrain,heartandovary.InoocytesaldolaseAandCmRNAs,butnotaldolaseBmRNA,areextensivelytranscribed.Thus,aldolaseAandCmRNAs,butnotBmRNA,occurabundantlyineggsasmaternalmRNAs,andstrongexpressionofaldolaseBmRNAisseenonlyafterthelateneurulastage.WeconcludethataldolaseAandCmRNAsaremajoraldolasemRNAsinearlystagesofXenopusembryogenesiswhichproceedsutilizingyolkastheonlyenergysource,aldolaseBmRNA,ontheotherhand,isexpressedonlylaterindevelopmentintissueswhicharerequiredfordietaryfructosemetabolism.WealsoisolatedtheXenopusaldolaseCgenomicgene(ca.12kb)andfoundthatitspromoter(ca.2kb)containsregionsnecessaryfortissue-specificexpressionandalsoaGCrichregionwhichisessentialforbasaltranscriptionalactivity.

简介：Thedistributionofacetylcholinesterase(AChE)-positivestructuresinthedevelopingratspinalcordwasstudiedwithAChE-histochemistry.AChE-positiveperikaryawerefirstseenonembryonicday14(E14)intheventrolateralportionofthespinalcord.Fromthattimeonward.AChE=containingcellsappearedgraduallyintheintermediategray,dorsalhornandlateralspinalnucleusofthespinalcordinaventral-to-dorsal,andlateral-to-medialorder.Noobviousrostral-to-caudalsequencewasfound.Atbirth,thedistributionpatternofAChE-positiveperikaryawasbasicallysimilartothatinadults.AfterbirthadramaticincreaseintheAChEstainingintensityextendedfrompostnatalday5(P5)topostnatalday21(P21),Inaddition,twophasesoftransientAChEstainingwereobservedintheexternalsurfaceofthedorsalhornfromembryonicday15(E15)toembryonicday21(E21)andinthemarginallayerfromembryonicday21(E21)topostnatalday14(P14),respectively.

简介：Acanthamoebaarefree-livingprotozoaorganismsthatliveabroadinnature.PathogenicAcanthamoebacancauseafatalgranulomatousamoebicencephalitisandkeratitis.SomespeciesofAcanthamoebacaninducesometumorcellsapoptosisinvitro.Prom1996wehaveprovedthatAcanthamoebaLstrain(A.lugdunensis-A.quina),firstlygotbyusfromkeratitispatientsinChina,couldinducetumorcells'apoptosis,includingPC12,B16cellsetal.InthisresearchweprovedthatboththebodyandthelysisofAcanthamoebacouldinducemousemelanomaB16cellsapoptosis.Buttheapoptosismechanismwaspoorlyunderstood.