简介：在这份报纸，在2005年7月9-10日期间发生在Huaihe河盆的重降雨进程被新一代学习数字天气预言模型系统--葡萄，从模型的预言上的不同起始的领域效果的看法。几个数字实验与起始的条件和T213L31和NCEP期末考试分析分别地提供的侧面的边界领域被进行。包括结果上的三维的变化吸收的效果，葡萄产生到不同起始的条件的预言产品的敏感被讨论。在分析二块起始的地和四模仿的结果之间的差别以后，到降水预报上的起始的地和他们的影响的模型的memonic能力被调查。分析证明亚synoptic的明显的差别在T213和NCEP起始的领域之间可伸缩，它导致相应不同模拟结果，并且差别不消失，集成跑。它是否有数据吸收，也为一样的起始的地显示出那，它仅仅显然影响葡萄模型结果在起始24h。然后，差别减少。另外，大雨的地点和紧张由葡萄预报模型进一步离事实，而是大奔流的雨的预报区域很亲密从事实有一些差别。当它有吸收，9-12-，12-24-，和0-24-h降水时，没有吸收，为一样的起始的地，模型的预报比那些好。都，这些建议葡萄数字预言的能力取决于不同的起始的地和侧面的边界条件到某程度，并且起始的地的差别将决定葡萄的差别模仿了结果。[出版摘要]

简介：ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔＳｃａｌｅＶｏｒｔｉｃｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＭｏｔｉｏｎｏｆＴｙｐｈｏｏｎｓＣｈｅｎＬｉａｎｓｈｏｕ（陈联寿）（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＭｅｔ６ｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃ...

简介：Interannualvariabilityoflandfallingtropicalcyclones(TCs)inChinaduring1960-2010isinvestigated.Byusingthemethodofpartialleastsquaresregression(PLS-regression),canonicalENSOandENSOModokiareidentifiedtobethefactorsthatcontributetotheinterannualvariabilityoflandfallingTCs.ElNioModokiyearsareassociatedwithagreater-than-averagefrequencyoflandfallingTCsinChina,butreversedincanonicalElNioyears.SignificantdifferenceingenesislocationsoflandfallingTCsinChinaforthetwokindsofElNiophasesoccursdominantlyinthenortherntropicalwesternNorthPacific(WNP).Thepatternsoflow-levelcirculationanomaliesandoutgoinglongwaveradiation(OLR)anomaliesassociatedwithlandfallingTCgenesiswithdifferenttypesofElNiophasesareexamined.DuringcanonicalElNioyears,abroadzonalbandofpositiveOLRanomaliesdominatesthetropicalWNP,whilethecirculationanomaliesexhibitameridionallysymmetricaldipolepatternwithananticyclonicanomalyinthesubtropicsandacyclonicanomalynearthetropics.InElNioModokiyears,avastregionofnegativeOLRanomalies,roughlytothesouthof25°Nwithastronglarge-scalecyclonicanomalyoverthetropicalWNP,providesamorefavorableconditionforlandfallingTCgenesiscomparedtoitscounterpartduringcanonicalElNioyears.FormorelandfallingTCsformedinthenortherntropicalWNPinElNioModokiyears,therearemoreTCsmakinglandfallonthenortherncoastofChinainElNioModokiyearsthanincanonicalElNioyears.ThenumberoflandfallingTCsisslightlyabovenormalincanonicalLaNiayears.EnhancedconvectionisfoundintheSouthChinaSea(SCS)andthewestofthetropicalWNP,whichresultsinlandfallingTCsformingmorewestwardincanonicalLaNiayears.DuringLaNiaModokiyears,thelandfallingTCfrequencyarebelownormal,owingtoanunfavorableconditionforTCgenesispersistinginabroadzonalbandfrom5°Nto25°N.SincethewesternNorthPacificsubtropicalhi

简介：IthaslongbeenacknowledgedthattherearetwotypesofElNioevents,i.e.,theeasternPacificElNio(EE)andthecentralPacificElNio(CE),accordingtotheinitialpositionoftheanomalouswarmwateranditspropagationdirection.Inthispaper,theoceanicandatmosphericevolutionsandthepossiblemechanismsofthetwotypesofElNioeventswereexamined.ItisfoundthatalltheElNioevents,CEorEE,couldbeattributedtothejointimpactsoftheeastwardadvectionofwarmwaterfromthewesternPacificwarmpool(WPWP)andthelocalwarmingintheequatorialeasternPacific.BeforetheoccurrenceofCEevents,WPWPhadlongbeeninastateofbeinganomalouswarm,sothestrengthofeastwardadvectionofwarmwaterwasmuchstrongerthanthatofEE,whichplayedamajorroleintheformationofCE.WhilefortheEEevents,mostcontributioncamefromthelocalwarmingoftheequatorialeasternPacific.ItisfurtheridentifiedthattheimmediatecauseleadingtothedifferenceofthetwotypesofElNioeventswastheasynchronousvariationsoftheSouthernOscillation(SO)andtheNorthernOscillation(NO)asdefinedbyChenin1984.WhenthetransitionfromthepositivephaseoftheNO(NO+)toNO-waspriortothatfromSO+toSO-,therewouldbeeastwardpropagationofwesterlyanomaliesfromthetropicalwesternPacificinducedbyNOandhencethegrowthofwarmseasurfacetemperatureanomaliesinWPWPanditseastwardpropagation.ThiswasfollowedbylaggedSO-inducedweakeningofsoutheasttradewindsandlocalwarmingintheequatorialeasternPacific.ThesewereconducivetotheoccurrenceoftheCE.Onthecontrary,thetransitionfromSO+toSO-leadingthetransitionofNOwouldfavortheoccurrenceofEEtypeevents.

简介：Climateeffectcausedbyurbanizationhasbeenanindispensableanthropogenicfactorintheresearchonregionalclimatechange.Basedondailyprecipitationdata,possibleeffectsofprecipitationonthedevelopmentofthreecitygroupsineasternChinaarediscussed.Withthreeclassificationmethods(TP,PDandMODISlandcover),urbanandruralstationsareidentified.Themainfindingsareasfollows.Climateeffectscausedbyurbanizationaredifferentfromplacetoplace.In1960to2009,theurbanizationbroughtmoreprecipitationtotheYangtzeRiverDeltaandPearlRiverDeltacitygroupsbuthadnoobviouseffectontheprecipitationoftheBeijing-Tianjin-Tangshancitygroup.Thedifferenceofprecipitationisslightbetweenurbanandsuburbanareasduringslowperiodoftheurbanizationfrom1960to1979.Itismoreevidentintherapidperiod(1980to2009)thaturbanizationhaspositiveeffectsonprecipitationineverycitygroup.Thedifferenceofprecipitationbetweenurbanandruralstationsissensitivetothewaysofdistinguishingruralfromurbanarea,whichmaycauseuncertaintiesin1960to1979,whileitisverydifferentin1980to2009inwhichurbanizationfavorsmoreprecipitationinallcitygroupsandtheirdifferencesinprecipitationarenotsensitivetothedivisionmethods.

简介：Withthedevelopmentofhigh-resolutionandmulti-scaleunifiednumericalmodel,someoftechniquesaboutnon-hydrostaticmeso-scalenumericalweatherpredictionareaddressed.Theimpactoftheverticalcoordinatesystemisoneofthem.Inthispaper,basedonaWRF(WeatherResearchandForecast)model,theimpactonthecalculationofverticalvelocitywasstudiedwithdifferentverticalcoordinates.Thesimulationresultsshowedthatthecalculationofverticalvelocityissensitivetoverticalcoordinates.Itisespeciallymoreevidentwhentheresolutionincreased.Duetothecloserelationshipsbetweenverticalvelocityandprecipitation,thedifferenceofverticalvelocityinevitablyinfluencesmodel'sdescriptionofprecipitation.Anidealexperimentexhibitsthatpressuregradientforcecomputationsinthepressureterrain-followingcoordinatearesensitivetosurfacepressure.

简介：Inthispaper,twosnowfallcasesunderdifferentweatherconditionsinnorthernChinaaresimulatedbyusingthemesoscalemodelMM5.Two-waynestingstructureofdomainsisdesignedforeachcase.AmongtheexplicitschemesofMM5,theReisnergraupelschemeisselectedtodescribethemicrophysicalprocess.Thesimulatedsnow-bandsoftwocasesarebasicallyconsistentwithobservations.Thesimulatedresultsofmicrophysicalprocessesaremainlydiscussed.Thehydrometeorsandtheirsourcesandsinksunderdifferentweatherbackgroundsaredescribed.Thefeedbackeffectsofmicrophysicalprocessesonthethermalanddynamicprocessesarealsodiscussed.Methodthatoutputstheaccumulativesourcesandsinksperhourisusedtoanalyzethedistributioncharacteristicsofhydrometeorsduringthestrongestsnowfallperiod.Twosensitivitytests(calledheattestanddragtest)areconductedtoexaminetheeffectsofmicrophysicalpro-cessesoncloudproducedbythelatentheatanddragforce.Resultshaveshownthatthedistributionofparticleshasacloserelationwithtemperature.Thetem-peratureofBeijingsnowfallisunder0℃andthereexistvaporandsolidphaseparticles,whileLiaoningsnowfallhasvapor,liquid,andsolidphaseparticlesduetothewarmtemperature.Thedistributionoftheseparticlesisnotthesameatdifferentdevelopmentstages.Fromtheanalysesofthecharacteristicsofsourcesandsinks,itisfoundthatsnowismainlyproducedbythedepositionandaccretionwithice.Cloudwateriscrucialtograupel.Themeltingofice-phaseparticlesenhancestherainproduction.Theresultsofheattestsanddragtestsrevealthatthemicrophysicalprocesseshaveinteractedwiththedynamicandthermalprocesses.Latentheatreleaseofhydrometeorsfeedsbackpositivelyonsnowfallwhilethedragforcenot.Atlast,comparisonsofsimulatedresultshavebeendonebetweenthetwodifferentkindsofsnowfallcases.ThemicrophysicalprocessesofLiaoningsnowfallcaseismorecomplicatedthanthoseofBe

简介：冰原子核的集中(在里面)并且与喷雾器粒子的关系被测量并且分析了使用从5月在东南中国在Huangshan山在三高度混合云室和一个静态的散开云室到2011年9月的三5-L。结果证明平均数总计数字集中在里面在在激活温度的Huangshan山的最高的山峰上(T一)20牵?敲楧湯?湡?汣浩瑡捩猠'T敲楧湯?湩琠敨瀠牥潩?????愠敲搠獩畣獳摥

简介：ThisstudyexaminestheeffectsofcumulusparameterizationsandmicrophysicsschemesonthetrackforecastoftyphoonNabiusingtheWeatherResearchForecastmodel.ThestudyfoundthattheeffectsofcumulusparameterizationsontyphoontrackforecastwerecomparativelystrongandthetyphoontrackforecastofKain-Fritsch(KF)wassuperiortothatofBetts-Miller(BM).WhenKFwasselected,thesimulatedresultswouldbeimprovedifmicrophysicsschemeswereselectedthanotherwise.TheresultsfromFerrier,WSM6,andLinwereveryclosetothoseinthebesttrack.KFperformedwellwiththesimulationsofthewesternextensionandeasterncontractionchangesofaNorthPacifichighaswellasthedistributionandstrengthofthetyphoonwindfield.

简介：CombinedwithTRMMproductsandTropicalCyclone(TC)besttrackdatainNorthwestPacificfrom1January2003to31December2009,atotalof118TCs,including336instantaneousTCprecipitationobservationsareestablishedastheTRMMTCdatabase,andthedatabaseisstratifiedintofourintensityclassesaccordingtothestandardofTCintensityadoptedbyChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(CMA):SevereTropicalStorm(STS),Typhoon(TY),SevereTyphoon(STY)andSuperTyphoon(SuperTY).ForeachTCsnapshot,themeanrainfalldistributioniscomputedusing10-kmannulifromtheTCcentertoa300-kmradius,thentheaxisymmetriccomponentofTCrainfallisrepresentedbytheradialdistributionoftheazimuthalmeanrainrate;themeanrainrates,raintypesoccurrenceandcontributionproportionarecomputedforeachTCintensityclass;andthemeanquadrantaldistributionofrainratesalongTCsmotionisanalyzed.Theresultshowsthat:(1)TCsmeanrainratesincreasewiththeirintensityclasses,andtheirradialdistributionsshowsingle-peakcharacteristicgradually,andfurthermore,thecharacteristicsofrainratesoccurrenceandcontributionproportionchangefromdual-peaktosingle-peakdistribution,withthepeakrainrateatabout5.0mm/h;(2)Stratiformraindominatetheraintypeintheanalysiszone,whileconvectiverainmainlyoccurredintheeye-wallregion;(3)ThevaluesofmeanrainrateineachquadrantalongTCsmotionareclosetoeachother,relatively,thevalueintheright-rearquadrantisthesmallestone.

简介：是在由三个主要预报中心在西方的诺思太平洋上形成的热带气旋的数字出现在内部年度、内部十的可变性和期刊变化的特征的比较，i.e.China气象学的管理(CMA)，东京(JMA)的地区性的专业化气象学的中心和关岛的联合台风警告中心(JTWC)，有热带气旋(TC)或台风的下列重要的点(1)气候学(TS的紧张上的TC或更强壮)表演

简介：Mainproblemofmodernclimatologyistoassessthepresentaswellasfutureclimatechange.Forthisaimtwoapproachesareused:physic-mathematicmodelingonthebasisofGCMsandpalaeoclimaticanalogues.Thethirdapproachisbasedontheempirical-statisticalmethodologyandisdevelopedinthispaper.Thisapproachallowstodecidetwomainproblems:togivearealassessmentofclimatechangesbyobserveddataforclimatemonitoringandextrapolationofobtainedclimatetendenciestothenearestfuture(10-15years)andgivetheempiricaibasisforfurtherdevelopmentofphysic-mathematicaimodels.Thebasictheoryandmethodologyofempirical-statisticapproachhavebeendevelopedaswellasacommonmodelfordescriptionofspace-timeclimatevariatiomtakingintoaccounttheprocessesofdifferenttimescales.Thewayofdecreasingofthepresentandfutureuncertaintyissuggestedastheextractionoflong-termclimatechangescomponentsintheparticulartimeseriesandspatialgeneralizationofthesameclimatetendenciesintheobtainedhomogeneousregions.Algorithmandmethodsforrealizationofempirical-statisticmethodologyhavebeendevelopedalongwithmethodsforgeneralizationofintraannualfluctuations,methodsforextractionofhomogeneouscomponentsofdifferenttimescales(interannual,decadal,century),methodologyandmethodsforspatialgeneralizationandmodeling,methodsforextrapolationonthebasisoftwomainkindsoftimemodels:stochasticanddeterministic--stochastic.SomeapplicationsofdevelopedmethodologyandmethodsaregivenforthelongesttimeseriesoftemperatureandprecipitationovertheworldandforspatialgeneralizationovertheEuropeanarea.

简介：强壮的对流降水事件数字地在2004年7月10日在这篇论文在Beijingis上模仿了的夏天，和夏天对陵上的城市的热岛(UHI)的影响被调查。分析表明一个中央规模对疗簇系统导致这个重降雨事件，建议由在降水的开始前的大规模发行量的潮湿的供应，2-3℃的通常更弱的UHI在城市的区域存在。就象海风一样，反常地温暖的城市的空气创造了相对低的压力，导致向城市的中心的更凉爽的农村空气的流入，它对上升运动和在城市的区域上的对流降水的形成有利。另外，强壮的对流降水事件的数字模拟建议用有30-m分辨率的2002LANDSAT-7陆地使用数据的降水的模仿的结果用有1-km分辨率的1992-1993USGS陆地使用数据是比那好一些的，是否在降雨的大小或在降水的地点。模拟证实到某程度UHIhas在引起极端降雨事件的一个重要角色。

简介：Thedifferencesintheclimatologyofextratropicaltransition(ET)ofwesternNorthPacifictropicalcyclones(TCs)wereinvestigatedinthisstudyusingtheTCsbest-trackdatasetsofChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(CMA),JapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA)andtheJointTyphoonWarningCenter(JTWC).TheresultsshowthattheETidentification,ETcompletiontime,andpost-ETdurationreportedintheJTWCdatasetaregreatlydifferentfromthoseinCMAandJMAdatasetsduring2004-2010.However,thekeydifferencesbetweentheCMAandJMAdatasetsfrom1951to2010aretheETidentificationandthepost-ETduration,becauseofinconsistentobjectiveETcriteriausedinthecenters.FurtheranalysisindicatesthatannualETpercentageofCMAwaslowerthanthatofJMA,andexhibitedaninterannualdecreasingtrend,whilethatofJMAwasanunchangedtrend.ThewesternNorthPacificETeventsoccurredmainlyduringtheperiodJunetoNovember.ThelatitudeofEToccurrenceshiftednorthwardfromFebruarytoAugust,followedbyasouthwardshift.MostofETeventswereobservedbetween35°Nand45°N.Fromaregionalperspective,TCstendedtoundergoETinJapanandtheoceaneasttoit.ItisfoundthatTCswhichexperiencedtheETprocessathigherlatitudesweregenerallymoreintenseattheETcompletiontime.TCscompletingtheEToverlandoroffshorewereweakerthanthosefinishingtheETovertheocean.MostoftheTCsweakened24hbeforethecompletionofET.Incontrast,21%(27%)oftheTCsshowedanintensificationprocessbasedontheCMA(JMA)datasetduringthepost-ETperiod.TheresultspresentedinthisstudyindicatethatconsistentETdeterminationcriteriaareneededtoreducetheuncertaintyinvolvedinETidentificationamongthecenters.

简介：层(PBL)在台风Sinlaku(2008)在第二等的eyewall形成(SEF)和eyewall代替周期(ERC)上处理的不同行星的边界的效果被使用天气研究并且预报(WRF)有六不同PBL的模型策划调查。SEF和ERC成功地为在我们的以前的学习建议的SEF和ERC与所有六个PBL计划和机制被模仿了被重新证实。它被表明那两个暴风雨和里面动人的外部螺线雨线的增强贡献SEF。在SEF以后，加热的联系diabatic提高第二等的eyewall推进，并且到主要eyewall的从外部区域的潮湿的空气的转移被第二等的eyewall割掉。以如此的一个方法，主要eyewall死，ERC完成。一些模仿了SEF和ERC的特征，这被发现，例如ERC的SEF和持续时间的时间和地点，确实从一模拟变化到另外一个。以便描述SEF和ERC份量上的特征，一个同心eyewall索引(CEI)被定义，CEI的阀值被建议决定第二等的eyewall的发作。在模仿的SEF和ERC的差别被讨论，一些可能的原因被建议。基于CEI阀值和尖动量的能量守恒定律，另外，预言SEF的地点的一个公式也被建议并且适用于所有六模拟。公式的成功和失败然后被讨论。

简介：风景特征影响气象学的因素，因此影响灰尘暴风雨事件的出现和自然。现在的学习调查六个气象学的因素的空间与时间的特征(风速度，风方向，空气温度，相对湿度(RH)，相片综合地活跃的放射(同等)，和太阳的放射)在不同风景类型上(移动沙边疆，修理半的沙的土地，固定沙的土地，并且绿洲的内部区域)在灰尘在四典型灰尘期间下暴雨前后，在Cele在绿洲沙漠交错群落袭击事件，Xinjiang，中国。结果证明平均的风速度从移动沙边疆显著地减少了到内部绿洲，它对植被范围主要可归因。在灰尘暴风雨事件前，在在不同风景类型上的水平或垂直的方向在空气温度和RH任何一个有明显的差别。然而，这些因素是很类似的在期间并且跟随灰尘暴风雨事件。同等和太阳的放射显著地在灰尘暴风雨事件期间被减少并且随后吹沙并且漂流灰尘条件。这效果比在类似的天气期间没有灰尘的条件袭击象吹沙、阴暗或多雨的天那样的事件的强壮得多。另外，在在不同风景之中的气象学的因素的变化被占优势的风方向也在灰尘暴风雨事件期间影响。然而，风景类型稍微改变了占优势的风方向，与在内部绿洲的风方向的最大的分散分发。这研究的调查结果对在灰尘暴风雨的出现理解风景类型的功能，以及为为灰尘暴风雨的预防提供一个理论基础有用。

简介：在这研究，与起始的不安(CNOP-I)有关的有条件的非线性的最佳的不安的途径被采用为三主要木质的植物在植物数量调查最大的变化(适度的broadleaved常绿树，适度的broadleavedsummergreen，和北方的needleleaved常绿树)在中国。调查用一个最先进的Lund-Potsdam-Jena动态全球植被模型(LPJDGVM)在陆地使用紧张的某个范围以内被进行。CNOP-I表示采伐森林和罐头的一个班关于起始的不安被认为陆地使用的一种类型。当CNOP-I表示的采伐森林为所有三植物有一样的紧张时，在在北中国常绿树的北方的needleleaved的植物数量的变化在南部的中国比在常绿树的适度的broadleaved和适度的broadleavedsummergreen的植物数量的变化大。作为采伐森林紧张增加，在功能的类型碳改变的三木质的植物的植物数量变化，以一种非线性的方式。陆地使用在上的影响种功能的类型因为在气候状况和陆地使用之间的相互作用没在LPJ模型被考虑，是次要的。最后，网上的采伐森林的不同影响三植物的主要生产功能的类型被为粗野主要生产和自造营养物质的呼吸建模分析。我们的结果建议CNOP-I途径是为探索陆上的生态系统的非线性、不同的回答打使用的一个有用工具。

简介：热带降雨测量的每日、每周的海表面温度数据扫描观察系统传感器的辐射计地球的使命(TRMM)微波成像器和先进微波被用作在mesoscale内在的海表面强迫模仿越过华南海搬到2003的台风Dujuan的数字模型。数字结果在大气的风地里处于差别在台风中心结果附近显示出那不同SST，显示模型有对SST的快、明显的回答。不同SST在某种程度上影响Dujuan的紧张和轨道并且在眼睛附近在它的降水和潜伏的热流动上有重要影响。对Dujuan的SST影响被改变在海洋表面和空气之间的潜伏的热流动在上面主要完成。

简介：

简介：Weanalyzedcloudmicrophysicalprocesses’latentheatcharacteristicsandtheirinfluenceonanautumnheavyraineventoverHainanIsland,China,usingthemesoscalenumericalmodelWRFandWRF-3DVARsystem.Wefoundthatpositivelatentheatoccurredfarabovethezerolayer,whilenegativelatentheatoccurredmainlyunderthezerolayer.Therewassubstantiallymorepositivelatentheatthannegativelatentheat,andthecondensationheatinghadthemostimportantcontributiontothelatentheatincrease.Theprocessesofdeposition,congelation,meltingandevaporationwereallcharacterizedbyweakeningaftertheirintensification;however,thevariationsincondensationandsublimationprocesseswererelativelysmall.Themaincloudmicrophysicalprocessesforpositivelatentheatwerecondensationofwatervaporintocloudwater,thecondensationofrain,andthedepositionincreaseofcloudice,snowandgraupel.Themaincloudmicrophysicalprocessesfornegativelatentheatweretheevaporationofrain,themeltingandenhancedmeltingofgraupel.Thelatentheatreleasesduetodifferentcloudmicrophysicalprocesseshaveasignificantimpactontheintensityofprecipitation.Withoutthecondensationandevaporationofrain,thetotallatentheatingwoulddecreaseandthemoisturevariablesandprecipitationwouldreducesignificantly.Withoutdepositionandsublimation,theheatinginhighlevelswoulddecreaseandtheprecipitationwouldreduce.Withoutcongelationandmelting,thelatentheatingwouldenhanceinthelowlevels,andtheprecipitationwouldreduce.