简介：Aseriesofidealizedmodelsimulationsareanalyzedtodeterminethesensitivityofmodelresultstodifferentconfigurationsofthelateralboundaryconditions(LBCs)insimulatingmesoscaleshallowconvectionoverhillyterrain.Inthesimulationswithsteadythermalforcingatthemodelsurface,aradiationconditionatbothboundariesisthebestchoiceunderhighwindconditions,andthebestresultsareproducedwhenboththenormalvelocitiesandthetemperaturearetreatedwiththeradiationschemeinwhichthephasespeedisthesamefordifferentvariables.Whenthebackgroundwindspeedisreasonablysmall,theLBCconfigurationwitheithertheradiationorthezerogradientconditionatbothboundariestendstomakethenumericalsolutionunstable.Thechoiceofaconstantconditionattheinflowboundaryandaradiationoutflowboundaryconditionisappropriateinmostcases.Inthesimulationswithdiurnalthermalforcingatthemodelsurface,differentLBCschemesarecombinedtogethertoreducespurioussignalsinducedbytheoutflowboundary.Aspecificationinflowboundarycondition,inwhichthevelocityfieldsattheinflowboundaryareprovidedusingthetime-dependentresultsofasimulationwithperiodicLBCsoveraflatdomain,istestedandtheresultsindicatethatthespecificationconditionattheinflowboundarymakesitpossibletouseasmallermodeldomaintoobtainreasonableresults.Themodelhorizontaldomainlengthshouldbegreaterthanacriticallength,whichdependsonthedomaindepthHandtheanglebetweengravitywavephaselinesandthevertical.Anestimateofminimumdomainlengthisgivenby[(H-zi)/πU]√N2L2x-4π2U2,whereNandUarethebackgroundstabilityandwindspeed,respectively,Lxisthetypicalgravitywavelengthscale,andziistheconvectiveboundarylayer(CBL)depth.

简介：NCAR社区陆地模型(CLM3)的一缺乏由于高建模的不现实的联盟者甚至在在一个北方的草地地点上的冬季的中间是模仿的雪的消失向下狂暴的流动。这被垂直的雪埋葬部分的不恰当的处理为短植被引起。为短植被的新雪埋葬部分明确的表达然后被建议并且验证了在situ观察使用。在CLM3的这修正大部分移开不现实的表面狂暴的流动，导致更合理的雪融化过程，并且改进雪水等价物(SWE)模拟。而且，全球离线的模拟证明理智、潜伏的建议明确的表达减少在雪期间象扎根的温度一样加热流动在短植被上融化季节主导的区域。相应地，SWE被提高，导致在一样的时期期间的导致snowmelt的流量的增加。而且，敏感测试显示这些改进在建议明确的表达对准确功能的形式或参数价值感觉迟钝。