简介：Theobservationandestimationofdirectionalspectraofseawavesisoneoftheessentialsubjectsofstudyofoceanicdynamics.Onthebasisoftheirregularlinearwavetheory,estimationmethodsfori/UV,PUVandVVdirectionalwavespectraarederived.ByusingijandPUVdatameasuredin-situ,directionalwavespectraareestimated,meanwhilethevirtuesanddefectsofvariousspectraarecomparied.Thismethodprovideabasisfortheobservationsofseawaves.

简介：紫外放射被知道影响水的主要制片人和他们的grazers。然而，很少在浮游动物放牧上在它的效果上被记录了。在这研究，作者调查了光合地活跃的放射的效果(同等，400700nm)，紫外--一(紫外A，320400nm)并且ultraviolet-B(UV-B，280320nm)放牧上的放射，死亡和桡脚类的动物Acartiapacifica的类脂化合物氧化从厦门海湾收集了。在暴露的30min以后，桡脚类的动物在二房间集中用硅藻Phaeodactylumtricornutum在黑暗被喂(2.5

简介：Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheeffectofgelatin(SG)isolatedfromsalmonskinanditshydrolysate(SGH)onphotoagingskin,andthemechanismresponsibleforanti-photoaging.TheaveragemolecularweightsofSGandSGHwere65kDaand873Da,respectively.TheaminoacidcompositionsofSGandSGHweresimilar.Bothofthemwereabundantinhydrophobicaminoacids.Twenty-fivepeptideswereidentifiedfromSGH.SGandSGHcouldimproveUVirradiation-inducedpathologicalchangesofmacroscopicaltissuetextureandskinmorphology.Hydroxyprolinecontentisanindicatorofmatrixcollagencontent,SGandSGHcouldinhibitthedecreaseofhydroxyprolinecontentinphotoagingskininadosedependentmanner.Inaddition,SGandSGHcouldalleviateUVirradiation-inducedoxidativedamagestoskinbyincreasingtheactivitiesoftotalsuperoxidedismutase(T-SOD),glutathioneperoxidase(GSH-Px)andcatalase(CAT),increasingthecontentofglutathione(GSH)anddecreasingthecontentofmalonaldehyde(MDA).Moreover,SGandSGHcouldenhanceimmuneregulationsystembyincreasingthethymusindex.Thus,theanti-photoagingmechanismsofSGandSGHwerebyinhibitingthedepletionofantioxidantdefensecomponents,involvinginthesynthesisofcollagenandenhancingthefunctionofimmunesystem.Besides,SGHshowedabetterresultinprotectingskinfromphotoagingthanSG.