简介：Thediffuseattenuationcoefficient(Kd)fordownwellingirradianceiscalculatedfromsolarirradiancedatameasuredintheArcticOceanduring3rdand4thChineseNationalArcticResearchExpedition(CHINARE),including18stationsandninestationsselectedforirradianceprofilesinseawaterrespectively.Inthisstudy,thevariationofattenuationcoefficientintheArcticOceanwasstudied,andthefollowingresultswereobtained.First,therelationshipbetweenattenuationcoefficientandchlorophyllconcentrationintheArcticOceanhastheformofapowerfunction.Thebestfitisat443nm,anditsdeterminationcoefficientismorethan0.7.Withincreasingwavelength,thedeterminationcoefficientdecreasesabruptly.At550nm,itevenreachesavaluelowerthan0.2.However,theexponentfittedisonlyhalfofthatadaptedinlow-latitudeoceanbecauseofthelowerchlorophyll-specificabsorptionintheArcticOcean.Theupshotwasthat,inthecaseofthesamechlorophyllconcentration,theattenuationcausedbyphytoplanktonchlorophyllintheArcticOceanislowerthaninlow-latitudeocean.Second,thespectralmodel,whichexhibitstherelationshipofattenuationcoefficientsbetween490nmandotherwavelength,wasbuiltandprovidedanewmethodtoestimatetheattenuationcoefficientatotherwavelength,iftheattenuationcoefficientat490nmwasknown.Third,theimpactfactorsonattenuationcoefficient,includingseaiceandseawatermass,werediscussed.Theinfluenceofseaiceonattenuationcoefficientisindirectandisdeterminedthroughthecontrolofenteringsolarradiation.Thelinearrelationshipbetweenaveragingseaiceconcentration(ASIC,from158Juliandaytoobservationday)andthedepthofmaximumchlorophyllisfittedbyasimplelinearequation.Inaddition,theseawatermass,suchastheACW(AlaskanCoastalWater),directlyaffectstheamountofchlorophyllthroughtakingmorenutrient,andresultsinthehigherattenuationcoefficientinthelayerof30–60m.Con

简介：StudyofthemajorAsianriversdischargetotheoceanrevealsvariationsoftheirwaterdischargesandsedimentloads,andlocalcharacteristicsofriversedimentconcentrations.Onthebasisofthis,theAsianriversfallintothreeregions,includingEurasiaArctic,EastAsia,SoutheastandSouthAsiaRegions.TheEurasiaArcticRegionischaracterizedbythelowestsedimentconcentrationandload,whiletheEastAsiaRegionisofthehighestsedimentconcentrationandhighersedimentload,andtheSouth-EastandSouthAsiaRegionyieldshighersedimentconcentrationandhighestsedimentload.Thesedimentloadsoftheseregionsaremainlycontrolledbyclimate,geomorphologyandtectonicactivity.TheEurasiaArcticriverswithlargebasinareasandwaterdischarge,drainlowreliefwhichconsistsoftundrasediment,thuscausingthelowestsedimentload.TheEastAsiariverswithsmallbasinareasandlowestwaterdischarges,drainextensiveloessplateau,andtransportmosterodibleloessmaterial,whichresultsinhighestsedimentconcentration.TheSEandSouthAsiariversoriginatingfromtheTibetPlateauhavelargebasinareasandthelargestwaterdischargesbecauseoftheSummerMonsoonandhighrainfallinfluence,causingthehighestsedimentload.InAsia,tectonicmotionoftheTibetPlateauplaysanimportantrole.ThoselargeriversoriginatingfromtheTibetPlateautransportabout50%oftheworldriversedimentloadtooceanannually,forminglargeestuariesanddeltas,andconsequentlyexertingagreatinfluenceonsedimentationinthecoastalzoneandshelves.

简介：Asaconservativetracer,oxygenisotopesinseawaterarewidelyusedforwatermassanalysis,alongwithtemperatureandsalinity.Inthisstudy,seawateroxygen-18datasetsintheCanadaBasinduring1967–2010wereobtainedfromthefourcruisesoftheChineseNationalArcticResearchExpedition(1999,2003,2008,and2010)andtheNASAdatabase.Fractionsofseaicemeltwaterandriverrunoffweredeterminedfromthesalinity-18Osystem.OurresultsshowedthattheriverrunoffdecreasedfromthesouthtothenorthintheCanadaBasin.TheenhancedamountofriverrunoffobservedinthesouthernCanadaBasinmayoriginatefromtheMackenzieRiver,transportedbytheBeaufortGyre.Theriverrunoffcomponentshowedmaximumfractionsduring1967–1969,1978–1979,1984–1985,1993–1994,and2008–2010,indicatingtherefreshtimeoftheriverrunoffwas5.0–16.0aintheCanadaBasin.ThetemporalvariationoftheriverrunoffwasrelatedtothechangeoftheArcticOscillation(AO)index,suggestingthefreshwaterstoredintheCanadaBasinwasaffectedbysurfaceseaicedriftandwatermassmovementdrivenbyatmosphericcirculation.

简介：因为他们是为计划的很重要的参数，重要波浪高度(SWH)和海表面风速度的气候学是气象学和海洋学的领域里的担心的事近海结构和轮船路由。TOPEX/Poseidon高度表，从1992年9月收集了数据大约13年到2005年10月，在大多数世界海洋上测量了SWH和表面风速度。在这份报纸，全球空间与时间的分布的研究和SWH和海表面风速度的变化用TOPEX/Poseidon高度表数据集合被进行。变化的范围和特征是分析份量上为和平，大西洋，和印度洋。不平的波浪和大海表面风的区域正是局部性的，并且在SWH之间的关联和海表面风速度分析了。

简介：Basedontheanalysisoftropicalcyclone(TC)databaseintheNorthwestPacific(NWP)from1945to2008,wenotonlyextractthetemporalvariationofTCintensityandfrequency,butalsogivetheirspatialdistributionbothintheNWPandintheSouthChinaSea(SCS).TheresultsshowthatthereisanobservationalincreaseofTCactivities,whichmanifestsastheenhancementofthepowerdissipationindex(PDI)andthegrowthofTCfrequency,especiallyfortyphoonsandstrongtyphoons.TheinhomogeneousspatialdistributionsofTCfrequencyandintensityarealsoprovidedbothintheNWPandintheSCS.Forexample,theregionofZhongshaIslandsandDongshaIslandsintheSCS(15°～22°N,115°～120°E),westtothePhilippineIslandsistheplacewithfrequentoccurrenceofstrongtyphoons,amongwhichthewindspeedof7TCsin64yearsexceeds60m/s.

简介：贫毛类环虫在在benthic食物网以及在红树属植物沼泽地的滋养的骑车和精力流动起一个重要作用。然而，他们一直不是当广泛地作为象polychaetes，腹足动物，瓣鳃类，和甲壳纲的动物那样的另外的macrofaunal组学习了。在假设下面，那贫毛类环虫密度和生物资源在中国的副热带的红树属植物沼泽地服从特定的地理分发模式，我们在Quanzhou海湾，Zhangjiang河口和Gaoqiao红树属植物的Luoyang河口调查了这二个参数沼泽地。在贫毛类环虫密度的一个地理坡度在Aegicerascorniculatum和Kandeliaobovata产地是在场的，它由此从更低的纬度减少了到更高的纬度。进一步，贫毛类环虫分发上的ANOVA测试表明贫毛类环虫密度和生物资源被区域，季节和区域显著地影响吗？

简介：织物表示和石头的isozymes的股票变化挣扎(Kareiusbicoloratus)与水平淀粉胶化电气泳动被分析。为十四酶assayed，31loci被记录。结果显示检验的所有isozymes是obviouslytissue特定的。SOD~的表情*，GDH~*，G3PDH-2~*并且ADH-2~*仅仅在肝被检测，SDH-1~*，MDH-1~*并且ADH-1~*仅仅在肌肉，和LDH-B~*并且LDH-C~*仅仅在眼睛。在比较，MDH-2~*，GPI-3~*并且SDH-2~*在检验的所有纸巾被检测。检验的另外的loci在许多纸巾被检测。肌肉和肝被选择检测Qingdao和Weihai的二张地理股票的isozyme变化，山东省，中国。多态的loci(P_(0.99))的百分比是29.17%和25.00%，观察杂合现象(H_0)were0.028±0.014和0.040±0.019，和期望的杂合现象(他)分别地是在Qingdao和Weihai存货的0.039±0.017and0.052±0.022。分别地，基因区别(F_(st))和在二张股票之间的基因距离(D)的系数是0.012和0.0011显示基因区别在他们之间是低的。与另外的种类ofPleuronectiformes相比，多态的loci的百分比和K.bicoloratus的吝啬的杂合现象在中间的水平。

简介：Thestudyarealiesinthesubaqueousdelta,whichcameintobeingin1964～1976.Oneoil-fieldroadhasbeenbuiltforexploringpetroleumtoformawavebarrier.Thehydrodynamicconditionsonthenorthsideoftheroadarerelativelyviolent,onthecontrarythehydrodynamicconditionsonthesouthsideoftheroadarenearlyplacid.Thismakesthestudyareaanaturallaboratoryforstudyingtheinfluenceofthehydrodynamicconditionsonthefractalcharacteristicsofthetidalflat.SelectinganareaisnamedCaseⅠonthesideofstrongerhydrodynamicactivitiesandanareaisnamedCaseⅡontheotherside.Measuringthetopographyandsamplingandanalyzingthegranulometricalcomposition,itisfoundthatthehydrodynamicconditionshavefatalinfluenceonthesurfacefractaldimensionsandthegranulometricalfractaldimensionsofthearea.InCaseⅠ,whichhasstronghydrodynamicconditions,thesurfacefractaldimensionsareobviouslylargerthanthoseofCaseⅡ,andthegranulometricalfractaldimensionsarerelativelysmallerthanthoseofCaseⅡ,thesurfacefractaldimensionsofCaseⅠdecreasequicklywiththeincreaseofgridsize;thegranulometricalfractaldimensionsaredisperse,whilethehydrodynamicconditionsofCaseⅡarejustreverse.Asamplinglineandacoresamplingoneachsideoftheroadareselected.Itisfoundthatonthesouthsideoftheroadthegranulometricalfractaldimensionsvaryregularlyinthelineandwiththedepth,thefartherapartfromtheroad,thesmallerthefractaldimensions,andthedeeperthesamplingpositionthelargerthefractaldimensions,whilegranulometricalfractaldimensionsonthenorthsideoftheroadhavenosuchregularitypattern.Themechanismoftheinfluenceofthehydrodynamicconditionsonthefractalcharacteristicsisdiscussed.

简介：Anewdatasetofobservationsbysixcruisesofship-mountedacousticdopplercurrentprofiler(SADCP)andthree40dlongbottom-mountedADCPs(BADCPs)isemployedtorevealthespatiotemporalvariabilityoftidalandsubtidalcurrentsinthewesternTaiwanStrait(TWS)duringwinterseason.TheresultsconfirmtheexistenceofintensecotidallinesforM_2tidalcurrent,whichislocatednorthof25°N.Inthiscase,noexistenceofanamphidromicpointcanbeidentified.Itisalsorevealedthatthecounter-windcurrent(CWC)canextendthroughthewholewesternTWSandevenoccupytheentirewatercolumnduringwintermonsoonrelaxation.However,thisCWCisobservedtobethoroughlyoverwhelmedbythedownwindChinacoastalcurrent(CCC)duringthetwobigmonsoonbloomeventsinthewinterof2007,andtheCCCconsequentlyextendssouthwardthroughoutthewesternTWSinstead.Mostimportantly,thevariationofthespatialextentfortheCWCandtheCCCinthewesternTWSisfoundtobewellexplainedbythefirsttwomodesofthevectorempiricalorthogonalfunction(VEOF)analysis,thatis,itismainlycontrolledbyawind-drivenquasibarotropiccurrentasthefirstmodeandslightlymodulatedbyarelativelyweakbackgroundcurrentwithafirst-orderbaroclinicstructureasthesecondmode.

简介：

简介：海洋的生物多样性响应改变的物理环境，随后的生态的变化以及人为的骚乱正在变化。在这研究，在situ的浮游植物样品在1999和2010的7月在Bering海收集了被分析获得在浮游植物社区动力学的这十年，和关联的开始和结束之间的浮游植物社区结构和空间时间的变化，环境因素被调查。5个部门，58个类和属于3个生态的组的浮游植物的153种类的一个总数被识别。绝大多数浮游植物为66.7%全部的种类和95.2%全部的丰富由硅藻财务组成了。就在空间程度和浮游植物样品类型的区别而言，在种类作文有微妙的变化，在在二之间的空间分发的在丰富和重要变化的大改变调查。当潜水艇山峰在Bering海盆被发现时，丰富山峰区域在白令海峡被定位。北方适度的硅藻是主导的植物群，它被广温性、寒冷水的硅藻随后代替。在Bering海的浮游植物社区不是一个单一的一致社区，但是深海洋的集合和浅海的集合创作了。深海洋的集合位于西北的太平洋和Bering海盆，由北方适度的种类统治了(Neodenticulaseminae，Thalassiothrixlongissima，Amphiprora严寒，Chaetocerosatlanticus，Thalassiosiratrifulta，等等)并且散布很广的种类(Thalassionemanitzschioides，Ch。compressus，Rhizosoleniastyliformis，等等)，并且由低丰富，甚至interspecies丰富分配，多样的主导的种类和高种类差异描绘了。浅海的集合在大陆人架和Bering海的斜坡上被散布并且主要由寒冷水的种类组成(Th。nordenski?ldii，Ch。furcellatus，Ch。socialis，Bacteriosirafragilis，等等)并且广温性、能在不同盐分之环的种类(L。danicus，Ch。curvisetus，Coscinodiscuscurvatulus，等等)，并且它被高丰富，不平的interspecies分配，突出的主导的种类和低种类差异描绘。在Bering海的种类作文和许多浮游植物的空间时间的变化被表�

简介：在1998和1999在Bohai海基于中国德语的全面调查的实验数据，一个简单联合pelagic-benthic生态系统多盒子模型被用来模仿生态系统季节变异。远洋的亚模型由七个州的变量组成：浮游植物，浮游动物，锡，尖端，文档，停靠港和溶解的氧()。benthicsub模型在沉积包括宏底生生物，meiobenthos，细菌，岩屑，听和尖端。除从海底部渗出的太阳辐射，水温和营养素的效果以外，以地为基地的输入被考虑。在盒子之间的移流术语的影响也被考虑。同时，micro-bial-loop的效果与simpleparameterization被介绍。季节变异和生态系统的水平分布声明Bohai海的变量被模仿。与观察相比，themulti盒子模型的结果是合理的。建模的结果证明大约13%光合作用初级生产量去主要食物环，20%转到benthic领域，44%被浮游植物的呼吸消费，并且剩余的去文档。模型结果也在Bohai海，和它对年度浮游动物生产的贡献的生态系统显示出微生物引起的食物环的重要性能是60%-64%。

简介：根据在估计内部独居的波浪(ISW)在圆柱的堆积上施加的力量和转矩的Morisons实验公式和形式的分离方法，负担甚至在ISW的振幅是一样的条件下面在华南海(SCS)在大陆人架的一样的地点主要在不同季节由ISW变化施加了，这被发现。因此，ISW施加的力量和转矩上的一个季节的水层化变化的效果被调查，并且一个三参数的层化模特儿被雇用。ISW施加的负担主要取决于水层化，这被显示出。越强壮水层化，越larger力量和转矩；当最大的thermocline出现的深度被加深时，力量减少，但是转矩增加；当thermocline的宽度被缩小时，力量增加，但是转矩减少。ISW在SCS在四个季节施加的力量和转矩的季节的变化因此被解释。

简介：Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedthecommunitystructureofcrustaceans(decapodandstomatopod)inhabitingthesandymudbottomsofLaizhouBay(northeasternChina)monthlyfromMay2011toApril2012.InvestigationwasstoppedfromDecember2011toFebruary2012becauseoftheextremeweatherandseaice.Atotalof205,057specimensbelongingto31species(shrimp,15;crab,15;andstomatopod,1)werecollectedin148hauls.From2011to2012,Oratosquillaoratoriawasthedominantbiomassspecies(47.80%),followedbyCharybdisjaponica(15.49%),Alpheusjaponicas(12.61%),Portunustrituberculatus(6.46%),andCrangonspp.(4.19%).Crangonspp.wasthemostdominantspeciesbyindividual(32.55%).O.oratoriawasthemost-frequentlyencounteredspecies(81.76%),followedbyPalaemongravieri(70.95%),C.japonica(65.54%),A.japonicas(62.16%),andP.trituberculatus(54.73%).ThebiomassdensityincreasedfromAugusttoSeptember2011anddecreasedfromMarch2012toApril2012.Thedynamicsoftheecologicalindicesevolveinasimilarmanner,withhighvaluesofdiversityandevennessandrichspeciesfromMaytoJune2011andlowvaluesfromSeptembertoOctober2011.O.oratoria,C.japonica,andP.trituberculatusdifferedbybiomassdatabetweengroupsI(samplesobtainedfromSeptembertoOctober2011)andII(samplesinothermonths).Thesespeciescontributedmorethan70%tothesimilarityofthecrustaceancommunitystructure.Furthermore,thesubsetsofenvironmentalvariablesthatbestmatchedthecrustacean-assemblagestructurewereasfollows:waterdepth(WD)insummer(JunetoAugust);seasurfacetemperature(SST),dissolvedoxygen(DO),andWDinautumn(SeptembertoNovember);andDO,salinity,andWDinspring(MarchtoMay).ThecalculatedcorrelationcoefficientsandsignificancelevelwerehigherintheperiodofJulytoAugust2011thaninothermonths.Comparing2011to2012with1982to1983,thespeciescompositionremainedstable.However,thedominantspecieschangedsignificantly.Highvalueandlargespecies,suchasF.chinensis,P.trituberculatus,

简介：Understandingofthetemporalvariationofoceanicheatcontent(OHC)isoffundamentalimportancetothepredictionofclimatechangeandassociatedglobalmeteorologicalphenomena.However,OHCcharacteristicsinthePaci

简介：

简介：NutrientandChlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentrationswereinvestigatedmonthlyalongthreetransectsextendingfromamaricultureareatoopenwatersaroundtheZhangziIslandareafromJulytoDecember2009.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoillustratefoodavailabilitytothebottom-sowedscallopPatinopectenyessoensisundertheinfluencesoftheYellowSeaColdWaterMass(YSCWM),freshwaterinputandfeedbacksofcultivatedscallops.SignificantthermalstratificationwaspresentinopenwatersfromJulytoOctober,andsalinitydecreasedinJulyandAugustinsurfacelayersinthemariculturearea.Nutrientconcentrationsincreasedwithdepthinbothareasinsummer,butweresimilarthroughwatercolumninNovemberandDecember.Onaverage,nutrientincreasedfromsummertoautumninallcomponentsexceptammonia.Nutrientconcentrationslowerthantheminimumthresholdsforphytoplanktongrowthwerepresentonlyinupperlayersinsummer,butstoichiometricnitrogenlimitationexistedintheentireinvestigationperiod.Column-averagedChl-aconcentrationwaslowerinopenwatersthaninmaricultureareainallmonths.ItincreasedsignificantlyinmaricultureareainAugustandOctober,andwaslessvariableinopenwaters.OurresultsshowthatnutrientslimitationtophytoplanktongrowthispresentmainlyinupperlayerinassociationwithstratificationcausedbyYSCWMinsummer.FreshwaterinputandupwellingofnutrientsaccumulatedinYSCWMcanstimulatephytoplanktonproductioninmariculturearea.FarmingactivitiesmaychangestoichiometricnutrientratiosbuthavelessinfluenceonChl-aconcentration.

简介：Thegrowth,biochemicalcontentandbioaccumulationquantityof2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenylether(BDE-47)inSkeletonemacostatumwerestudiedunderdifferentN:Pratios(1,4,16,64and128).AllcellularbiochemicalcontentsofS.costatumpresenteddecreasingtrendovercultivationtime.Atearlystageofcultivation,thecellularprotein,carbohydrateandlipidinS.costatumpresentedhighervaluesintreatmentsofN:P=4and16.However,theywerelowerinthesetreatmentsatthelatestage,buthigherintreatmentsN:P=1and128.Similarly,BDE-47levelspercellofS.costatumwerehigherintreatmentsofN:P=4and16atearlystageofcultivation,whichwere3.8and3.7ng(106cells)-1,respectively.Atthemiddlestageofcultivation,theBDE-47levelperS.costatumcelllowered;anditfurtherreducedinthetreatmentsofN:P=4and16atthelatestagewiththevalues0.6and0.5ng(106cells)-1,respectively.However,itroseinN:P=128,reachingupto2.3ng(106cells)-1.ComparedwithBDE-47percell,BDE-47peralgalvolumeunderdifferentN:Pratiosdidnotpresentobviousdifference.ThequantityBDE-47accumulatedpercellofS.costatumwaspositivelycorrelatedwithprotein,carbohydrateandlipidpercell;meanwhile,theBDE-47pervolumehadapositivecorrelationwithbiochemicalcontentpervolume.ThevariationofbioaccumulationabilityofBDE-47inS.costatumcanbeexplainedbybiochemicalchangesduetoN:Pratios.